Sexual Practices

By Katrina

STI’s• For every sexually active person, there is a chance of contracting an STI

(Sexually Transmitted Infection). An STI can only be transmitted through person to person sexual activities. Some well known STIs that you may have heard of are:

• Syphilis• Herpes• Gonorrhoea• HIV (AIDS)• Chlamydia• Genital warts (HPV)• Pubic lice• To avoid contracting an STI you can Practice safer sex. Condoms are the only

contraceptive that protects from STI’s. Condoms WILL NOT protect you from genital herpes and HPV because they may not cover the infected area.

Signs and Symptoms• When an STI produces signs and symptoms they mainly appear on the

genital area. The symptoms generally consist of:• Discharge from the vagina/penis/anus• Pain discomfort or burning sensation when urinating• Pain during sex• Abnormal or unusual vaginal bleeding• Lumps and bumps on genital areas• Genital sores or itching• Genital irritation or pain• Rash on genitals• If you are experiencing any of these consult with your doctor for

examination and testing.

Syphilis• Syphilis is caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum. It can affect

both men and women. Syphilis is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact and is highly contagious when a syphilis sore or rash is present. Syphilis can be transmitted through oral, vaginal or anal sex with a person who has recently acquired the infection.

• The number of people whom have the infection has increased rapidly since 2002, mainly among men who have sex with other men.

• Treatment:Penicillin is the most affective treatment for syphilis. But there are other treatments available if you are allergic to penicillin or you may be able to undergo a procedure that safely allows you to be given penicillin.

Herpes• Their are two types of Herpes, HSV1 and HSV2. HSV1 occurs mainly

around the mouth area but it can possibly occur on the genital area also. HSV2 occurs mainly on the genitals. Herpes is spread through skin to skin contact and can be transmitted through oral, anal or vaginal sex.

• Treatment: There are no medications to get rid of genital herpes. There are only ways

to ease your symptoms and preventing recurrences.• Salt baths • Pain-relieving medicines – such as paracetamol • Antiviral drugs – such as famciclovir, acyclovir and valaciclovir. These

drugs can reduce the severity of an attack.

Gonorrhoea• Gonorrhoea commonly known as ‘the clap’, is a sexually transmitted

bacterial infection. It is quite common and can affect the penis, cervix, anus, eyes and throat. Gonorrhoea is transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex.

• Treatment:• Antibiotics will clear up the infection in about seven days but it is best to

avoid having intercourse for up to a month to be safe, and to be sure go to your doctor to make sure it is completely gone.

• If left untreated gonorrhoea can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in women or result in infertility in both male and female it can also be fatal.

HIV (AIDS)• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes acquired immune deficiency

syndrome better known as AIDs. AIDs is a virus that breaks down the body's immune system, making it more vulnerable to diseases and cancers. AIDs can be spread through:

• Unprotected vaginal or anal sex with an infected person.• Sharing injecting equipment and needles with an infected person.• From a mother who has HIV to a child during pregnancy, birth or via breastfeeding • Unprotected oral sex with someone who has HIV ( but this is less common).• Treatment:• There is currently no cure for HIV AIDS, however there are drugs that can be taken

to work against the virus. For most people, these drugs can postpone, and possibly prevent, HIV-related illnesses and delay moving on to AIDS.

Chlamydia• Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, it is a very

common sexually transmittable infection. It is commonly known as the silent infection because most people don’t know they have it. Chlamydia is spread through unsafe vaginal and anal sex.

• Treatment:• If detected early Chlamydia can be treated with a single dose of

antibiotics.• If complications from Chlamydia infection are present, such as pelvic

inflammatory disease in women, a longer course of antibiotics will be required.

• Is important that your partner is also tested and or treated, and you are both tested another three months later just to be sure the infection has cleared fully.

Genital Warts• Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Only some of the 100 strains of

HPV affect the genitals. Genital warts can appear around the genitals and anus or, sometimes, inside the vagina, rectum or urethra.

• Treatment: can only remove visible warts, not the virus.• Cry therapy – the warts are frozen off with liquid nitrogen or dry ice. • Podophyllotoxin – this can be applied at home. It is most effective on multiple warts that are

easily accessible. Pregnant women should not use Podophyllotoxin. • Imiquimod cream – this is applied once a day, three times a week for up to three months. This

treatment is not recommended for use in pregnancy. • Laser or diathermy treatment –Laser or diathermy treatment is administered in hospital

under general anaesthetic. • Podophyllin paint – must be applied by a doctor. It must be washed off four hours after it is

applied and should only be used once or twice a week. • The virus may persist in the skin even though the visible wart has gone. This means that the

wart may reappear. • If the wart reappears, it does not necessarily mean that you have caught the infection again. • In most cases, the wart will eventually disappear for good. This is due to the body’s natural

immune response clearing the virus from the body.

contraception• Well-known Forms of contraception:• Implanon: a small rod containing progesterone inserted on the inside of

the upper arm. Lasts up to 3 years. 99.9% effective.• Combined pill: an oral contraceptive in which either contains one or two

hormones (oestrogen or progesterone). Is very effective if used properly.• Condoms: most popular form of contraception, prevents perm from

entering the cervix during sex. 98% effective.• The injecting: by injecting hormones, providing protection for about 3

months.

Bibliography• http://au.reachout.com/• http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/