sex, gender, and the sexual disorders
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Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders. Classifying Sexual Disorders: The DSM-IV-TR Categories. Paraphilias Disorders involving persistent sexual desires or preferences that are considered abnormal Gender identity disorder (transsexualism) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders
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Classifying Sexual Disorders: The DSM-IV-TR Categories
• Paraphilias• Disorders involving persistent sexual desires
or preferences that are considered abnormal
• Gender identity disorder (transsexualism)• Disorder in which individuals feel that they
have the body of the wrong sex and want to change sexes
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Paraphilias
• Exhibitionism
• Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger
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• Voyeurism
• Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
Paraphilias
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Paraphilias
• Fetishism
• Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the use of nonliving objects
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Paraphilias• Transvestic fetishim
(transvestitism) • Recurrent, intense sexually
arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving crossdressing in a heterosexual male
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Paraphilias• Sexual sadism • Recurrent, intense
sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving acts in which a victim’s psychological or physical suffering is sexually exciting
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Paraphilias• Sexual masochism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies,
sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
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Paraphilias
• Pedophilia • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing
fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children
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Paraphilias• Frotteurism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies,
sexual urges, or behaviors involving touching and rubbing against a nonconsenting person
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Paraphilias• Paraphilias not otherwise specified• Necrophilia • Zoophilia (or bestiality) • Coprophilia• Urophilia • Telephone scatologia
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Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias
• Psychodynamic Components• Freud’s emphasized the idea that these
represented the direct expression in adulthood of “fixated” sexual interests from the developmental phases of childhood
• Contemporary theorists view paraphilias as a defense mechanism in response to an childhood experiences that resulted in humiliation.• Turning passive into active (identification with the
aggressor)
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Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias
• Cognitive-Behavioral Components• Classical conditioning• Social learning
• Cognitive-behavioral interventions• Phallometric assessment• Masturbatory satiation• Cognitive restructuring
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Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias
• Biological Components• Disinhibiting brain injuries or illness• Among women, mental retardation
plus history of abuse
• Biological interventions• Chemical castration• Antidepressant medications
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Gender Identity Disorders• Disorder involving intense
discomfort with one’s biological sex…
and the desire to change it• Gender • A person’s psychological
sense of being male or female
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Gender Identity Disorders• Strong and persistent cross-
gender identification
• Persistent discomfort with one’s sex or discomfort in the gender role of that sex
• Significant distress or functional impairment related to the condition
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Gender Identity Disorders• Prevalence data:
extremely rare condition
• Male to female more common• GID more common
among children than among adults
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Explaining Gender Identity Disorders• Biological components• Temperament issues
• Hormonal theories
• Psychodynamic components• Attempt to connect with a
depressed, withdrawn mother
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Explaining Gender Identity Disorders• Behavioral components• Environmental reinforcement for cross-gender
behavior
• Sociocultural and family systems components• Family variables associated with GID: GID boys
often have many brothers and are among younger siblings; significant family-wide psychopathology
• Multiple causality in GID
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Treating GID• Childhood GID:
Practical and ethical issues
• Adult GID: Sex change/reassignment protocols