Sex, Gender, and Culture

Learning Objectives

Distinguish between developed and developing nations.

Describe the different developmental approaches and how they have influenced women.

Identify reasons for women’s migration.Demonstrate an understanding of the assigned

readings by critically analyzing the main arguments.

What is Development?

Development is the process of becoming “modernized” and “globalized”

Designation of a country as developed, developing, or underdeveloped (along with other terms) depends on which organization (WTO, UN, IMF) is categorizing them.

Terms from the UN Development Program webpage

Development Terminology

Often Economic Basis for designation:Developing nation – non-industrialized

nationNote: may also be called ‘third world’

Developed nation – industrialized and market based

Feminism and Development

Invisibility of women in economic development policies

Criticisms of traditional programs1.2.3.4.

Ex: ____________________African woman signs for credit

Miller, 2010, Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World

Welfare Approach to Development

Targets women as mothersEncourages Western _____________Ex: _____________________________

Vs.

Women in Development Approach

Top-down approach Women not consulted, empowered Types of WID projects

1.2.3.4.

Ex: _______________________

Jaquette & Staudt, 2006, Women, Gender, and Development

Gender and Development Approach

Bottom-up approachDifficult to implementGender mainstreamingEx: ______________

‘Washing Machines Make Lazy Women’

How do washing machines connect to gender identity?

How has the washing machine become a symbol to reinforce gender roles?

Material culture and gender: Where you surprised by this connection?

Housing in Soweto, South Africa

Women and Migration: Feminization of Migration

Problems faced by migrant women are compounded by their being both women and migrants Can you think of some unique problems faced

by women?

Migration and Women: Gulf States

Female migrants workers continue to increase in % within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Since 1995, ________________________________________Saudi Arabia:

____________________________________ ___________________________________(Chammartin, 2005, para. 6)

Migration and Women – Somali

Since early 1990s, women have fled ___________Many remain in ______________in other African

countriesUSA (OH, MN), Canada, Europe, Australia

Differences between _________________________Influence of ___________________________Opportunities in other countries_________

__________________________________(Gundel, 2002)

Assigned Reading

1. What is meant by colonial feminism?

2. What is the American perception of the burqa and how does that differ from the way women who wear the garment perceive its meaning?

3. How do the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism relate to Abu-Lughod's argument?