SEX, Fertility, and Anti-Fertility Technology

SEX, Fertility, and Anti-Fertility Technology

Team: CADAKChristy NguyenAmika HebertDerek YipAndrea NoriegaKelly Yee

Team: CADAKChristy NguyenAmika HebertDerek YipAndrea NoriegaKelly Yee

Sex TechnologySex Technology

Amika HebertAmika Hebert

Self-Pleasuring TechnologySelf-Pleasuring Technology

Iceland - whalebone, 106,000 years old

Greeks - wood, padded leather

Egypt - coming of age

India - puberty rite

Celts/Druids - crops

Iceland - whalebone, 106,000 years old

Greeks - wood, padded leather

Egypt - coming of age

India - puberty rite

Celts/Druids - crops

Amika Hebert

Fertility-PromotersFertility-Promoters

Nutrition Plants

Pomegranate Date Palm Moghat

Estrogens Estrone Estriol estradiol

Nutrition Plants

Pomegranate Date Palm Moghat

Estrogens Estrone Estriol estradiol

Amika Hebert

Menstrual TechnologyMenstrual Technology

Amika HebertAmika Hebert

The TakeoverThe Takeover

Imitation Subincision:

primitive Australia, New Guinea, Philippines

Take Control Redefine

menstruation

Imitation Subincision:

primitive Australia, New Guinea, Philippines

Take Control Redefine

menstruation

Amika Hebert

19th-20th Centuries19th-20th Centuries

Amika Hebert

Emma H. Carpenter

Catamenial sack/bandage

1892 Springfield, VT

Elizabeth Higgins

“Dress protector” 1862 Boston, MA

Mary G. Porter “Ladies safety belt” 1870 Charlestown, MA

Maria P. Dibble Frances Carter

“Bandages” 1842 1847

19th-20th Centuries19th-20th Centuries

Amika Hebert

20th CenturyMenstrual Receivers - Pads and Belts

20th CenturyMenstrual Receivers - Pads and Belts

Amika Hebert

Jennie L. Bornstein Sanitary support 1912 Dayton, OH

Elfreda J. Corbin Napkin 1915 Minneapolis, MN

Ida M. Argo CatemenialBandage 1910 Dallas, TX

June Haughton Sanitary devices 1913

Anna Brand Napkin-holder 1924 Chicago

Aniela Majewski Sanitary pad holder 1940 Chicago

Beatrice Kenner 1st adhesive tabs 1956 Washington DC

Anna M. LandyNeola Seidler

“fluid-impervious” layer and rim - pad

1956 Philadelphia, PA

Carolyn R. Mobley Tabbed napkin 1971 Appleton, WI

Eleanor J. Fendler Microfibrous pad 1983 Appleton, WI

Pamela F. Baum Disposable napkins 1983 Neenah, WI

Billie J. Matthews Adhesive napkins 1880-1986 Winnebago, WI

Barbara Oakley 3-D sanitary napkin 1987 WI

20th CenturyMenstrual Receivers - Tampons and

Sponges

20th CenturyMenstrual Receivers - Tampons and

Sponges

Amika Hebert

Alicia Bay Laurel Kitchen sponge

Doris Moehrle Nature’s answer 1978

Dr. Judith Mittog o.b. tampon 1950s

Virginia A. Olson Applicator, wrapper,tampon

19701972

Virginia Corrigan Tampon coating 1971

Patricia McKelvey Wrapper 1977

Lin-Sun Woon Folded pledget 1982

Billie J. Matthews Manufacturing ease - tampon

1981

Dawn M. Huffman Finger grip 1986

20th CenturyMenstrual Extraction20th CenturyMenstrual Extraction

Carol Downer

Loraine Rothman

Carol Downer

Loraine Rothman

Amika Hebert

20th CenturyRemedies for Menstrual Pain and

Difficulties

20th CenturyRemedies for Menstrual Pain and

Difficulties PMS Katharina Dalton Dr. Michelle Harrison Dr. Marcia Storch Dr. Susan Lark

Prostaglandins Dr. Penny Wise Budoff Tamara Dejneka

PMS Katharina Dalton Dr. Michelle Harrison Dr. Marcia Storch Dr. Susan Lark

Prostaglandins Dr. Penny Wise Budoff Tamara Dejneka

Amika Hebert

Pregnancy and Childbirth Technology

Andrea Noriega

Pregnancy and Childbirth Technology:Midwives of Yesterday and Today

Pregnancy and Childbirth Technology:Midwives of Yesterday and Today

Prenatal Care

Pregnancy Care

Birth Care 

Aftercare

Prenatal Care

Pregnancy Care

Birth Care 

Aftercare

Andrea Noriega

What is a Midwife?

Midwives provide care to women during the process of labor and childbirth, from the prenatal period to after the birth of a baby. Trained to be more holistic and woman-focused in their approach, midwives work with the backup support of a medical doctor. (Babycenter.com)

3 Types of Midwives:

•Midwives with Formal Training(CPM)

•Nurse-Midwives

•Traditional Birth attendant or Indigenous Midwife

Andrea Noriega

Prenatal Remedies Midwifery of Yesterday and Today

Preventing Morning sickness, Miscarriage and strengthening pregnancy

Prenatal Remedies Midwifery of Yesterday and Today

Preventing Morning sickness, Miscarriage and strengthening pregnancy

Then Now

Peppermint Chamomile

Alfalfa Ginger Root

Blue Flag- Ironically if you take to much it makes you vomit

Black Haw

Blue Cohosh- Ladies, helps with the menstrual cramps

Cramp Bark

Star Grass Meditation

Motherwort Aromatherapy

Nutritional Supplement

Andrea Noriega

Easing, Speeding Labor and killing pain

Easing, Speeding Labor and killing pain

Then NowHydropaths or water cure specialists 1846 article Water Cure Journal (kathryn kylar,318n8)

Midwives and water pools (Ease labor) (Activebirthcentre.com)

Massage the Belly and the Perineum (between the Anus and Genitalia) (Gastromd.com)

Midwives and Massaging (Focus on abdomen and Fetus)

Birth ropes, foot-rests, abdominal bands Contractions: Walking, squatting, warm baths, cool compress

Birth Fire Warm water Heated Stones Ease women during birth

Midwives capable of handling dangerous situations

Guiding mother through labor squatting on birth stools (Developed by women bearing babies or midwives)

Andrea Noriega

Aftercare: Postpartum Aftercare: Postpartum Then Now

Care of the new born Baby is cleaned

Umbilical cord cut with arrow cane Vitamin K injection

Baby fall to floor (first breath) Antibiotic ointment to eye

Cold bath (Thick Juice squeeze from Banana Bark)

Deliver Placenta

Ashes and Charcoal Pitocin injection

Warm water (Pregnancyandbaby.com)

Massage Midwife inspects genital area

Exercise Doula Midwife- midwife that helps after child birth

Special diet

herbal treatments- stimulate milk and sore nipples

Andrea Noriega

Women’s inventions and Innovations for the Care and Socialization of their

Children

Women’s inventions and Innovations for the Care and Socialization of their

Children 18th Century

•OctaviaStudied medicine formally and practiced in her home

She also invented useful toothache remedy and others remedies

•Trotula of Salerno (d. 1097) With her husband and two sons, wrote a medical encyclopidia

•Louyse Bourgeois(1563-1638) Prominent French obstetrician and Surgeon. Studied Midwifery and later

published books on childbirth between 1608 and 1613. .

Andrea Noriega

Women’s inventions and Innovations for the Care and Socialization of their

Children ( Cont.)

Women’s inventions and Innovations for the Care and Socialization of their

Children ( Cont.)19th Century

•Marie-Anne Victoria Boivin (1773-1847)

Invented a new pelvimeter and a vaginal speculum and also one of the first to use a stethoscope to listen to the fetal heart

•Mme Rondet (b. 1800)

Invented and perfected a resuscitation tube newborn infants in states of asphyxia

20th century

•Dr. Roberta A. Ballard(1940- )

Contributed to the treatment of respiratory distress caused by immature lung development

•Dr. Hilda H. Kroeger

Helped design a an efficient labor-delivery suite. She was named “Medical Women of the Year” in 1955 for this achievement Andrea Noriega

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction

Derek YipDerek Yip

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction

Men could not go into a women’s market because the market not only sold the typical fruits and vegetables, but also other types of food that act as contraceptives.

Primitive women consider their anti-fertility methods secret and will not share it with outsiders.

Men could not go into a women’s market because the market not only sold the typical fruits and vegetables, but also other types of food that act as contraceptives.

Primitive women consider their anti-fertility methods secret and will not share it with outsiders.

Derek Yip

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction (Cont.)

Anti-fertility Technology:Introduction (Cont.)

Women invented all the basic types of contraceptive today and that modern medicine just re-invented them or refined it.

Four categories of contraceptive methods Cultural, mechanical, herbal and chemical

Women invented all the basic types of contraceptive today and that modern medicine just re-invented them or refined it.

Four categories of contraceptive methods Cultural, mechanical, herbal and chemical

Derek Yip

Cultural Methods:Cultural Methods:

Postpartum intercourse taboos By making sexual intercourse taboo for the

mother or both parents for a certain period of time after birth which could usually range from several weeks or to years.

Breast-feeding By prolonging the nursing process wholly or

partly it keeps the family small in size. In some cultures like Baffin Land Eskimo or Native

American mothers, they prolonged lactation so that they can space their children at least three years apart.

Postpartum intercourse taboos By making sexual intercourse taboo for the

mother or both parents for a certain period of time after birth which could usually range from several weeks or to years.

Breast-feeding By prolonging the nursing process wholly or

partly it keeps the family small in size. In some cultures like Baffin Land Eskimo or Native

American mothers, they prolonged lactation so that they can space their children at least three years apart.

Derek Yip

Cultural Methods: (Cont.)Cultural Methods: (Cont.)

Other intercourse taboos/regulations Regulating certain activities like pre marital

love making. Ridicule

In rural Ghana, a woman who has lots of kids will often be ridiculed as having no self control and be made fun of.

Imposed bareness/celibacy By imposing bareness or celibacy, it also

prevents excess births.Such groups who do practice this are Nuns,

monks, and priests.

Other intercourse taboos/regulations Regulating certain activities like pre marital

love making. Ridicule

In rural Ghana, a woman who has lots of kids will often be ridiculed as having no self control and be made fun of.

Imposed bareness/celibacy By imposing bareness or celibacy, it also

prevents excess births.Such groups who do practice this are Nuns,

monks, and priests.

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods:

Physical/Mechanical Methods:

Barriers Some of the barriers to prevent pregnancy

would be by using grass, moss, sponges, plant fibers and or tampons which is to staunch the menstrual flow.

Developed more types of barriers such as packings, gums, cervical caps, and internal female sheaths.

Were usually soaked or smeared with spermicides, astringents, or irritating substances

Barriers Some of the barriers to prevent pregnancy

would be by using grass, moss, sponges, plant fibers and or tampons which is to staunch the menstrual flow.

Developed more types of barriers such as packings, gums, cervical caps, and internal female sheaths.

Were usually soaked or smeared with spermicides, astringents, or irritating substances

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Examples of different cultures using barriers Certain cultures in Central and East Africa

used finely chopped up grass as a plug to prevent conception.

A Hebrew women used a soft spongy material that is like a absorbent material like cotton or wool where she used it as a plug or a cervical cap.

Examples of different cultures using barriers Certain cultures in Central and East Africa

used finely chopped up grass as a plug to prevent conception.

A Hebrew women used a soft spongy material that is like a absorbent material like cotton or wool where she used it as a plug or a cervical cap.

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Oils/Gummy Substances Gummy substances, various thick oils used

along with spermicde or irritating substances or another form of barrier were among the most effective parts of early contraceptive technology.

Honey is also used among many countries like Egypt, Greece, India, Islam and by the Roman army physician.

Butter is another form where the poor uses it since it is cheap and easily available.

Other types of oily or greasy substances would be oil of cedar, tar, pitch, and gum.

Oils/Gummy Substances Gummy substances, various thick oils used

along with spermicde or irritating substances or another form of barrier were among the most effective parts of early contraceptive technology.

Honey is also used among many countries like Egypt, Greece, India, Islam and by the Roman army physician.

Butter is another form where the poor uses it since it is cheap and easily available.

Other types of oily or greasy substances would be oil of cedar, tar, pitch, and gum.

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Cervical Cap/Female Internal Sheaths Cervical cap

Disks of oiled paper and placed it in the cervix.Using half a lemon with most of its juice and pulp

extracted as a cervical cap. Female Internal Sheaths

Comes a Djuka women where she used the end of an orka like seed pod where she inserts it into the vagina.

Because of this, this is where the condom may have been invented.

Cervical Cap/Female Internal Sheaths Cervical cap

Disks of oiled paper and placed it in the cervix.Using half a lemon with most of its juice and pulp

extracted as a cervical cap. Female Internal Sheaths

Comes a Djuka women where she used the end of an orka like seed pod where she inserts it into the vagina.

Because of this, this is where the condom may have been invented.

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Chastity belts A physical barrier that prevents any sexual

activates worn by the women because it has a lock that can only be opened by a key.

Deep Massage By tipping the uterus backwards by strong

abdominal massage or manipulation, conception becomes more difficult if the uterus is tipped far enough.

Chastity belts A physical barrier that prevents any sexual

activates worn by the women because it has a lock that can only be opened by a key.

Deep Massage By tipping the uterus backwards by strong

abdominal massage or manipulation, conception becomes more difficult if the uterus is tipped far enough.

Derek Yip

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Physical/Mechanical Methods: (Cont.)

Intrauterine Devices IUD was invented in 1909 by a German doctor Mutton fat were being inserted into the cervix and left

there in order to slow down the sperm and probably irritating the uterus as well.

IUD was basically used for every conceivable reason even including population control.

Some of the types of materials used was wool, ivory, wood, glass, silver, gold, ebony and pewter.

Some of the cultures that used IUD would be the Romans who used papyrus or dry sponges, India using a small stick, Turkish women who used tobacco or an olive stem, and Japanese women who used a silk thread covered by musk.

Intrauterine Devices IUD was invented in 1909 by a German doctor Mutton fat were being inserted into the cervix and left

there in order to slow down the sperm and probably irritating the uterus as well.

IUD was basically used for every conceivable reason even including population control.

Some of the types of materials used was wool, ivory, wood, glass, silver, gold, ebony and pewter.

Some of the cultures that used IUD would be the Romans who used papyrus or dry sponges, India using a small stick, Turkish women who used tobacco or an olive stem, and Japanese women who used a silk thread covered by musk.

Derek Yip

Anti-fertility Technology:Herbal or Chemical

Methods

Anti-fertility Technology:Herbal or Chemical

MethodsChristy NguyenChristy Nguyen

Physical- Chemical Methods:Douching

Physical- Chemical Methods:DouchingWhat is douching?

“rinsing or cleaning out the vagina (also called the birth canal) by squirting water or other solutions (such as vinegar, baking soda, or douching solutions you can buy at drug and grocery stores) into the vagina. The water or solutions are held in a bottle and squirted into the vagina through tubing and a nozzle. (4women.gov)

Why douche?Women would douche to rinse away blood after a menstrual period; clean the vagina after sex to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and wash away semen to prevent pregnancy; and reduce odors.

Ineffective, unless it contained spermicide which made it partly effective

What is douching?“rinsing or cleaning out the vagina (also called the birth canal) by squirting water or other solutions (such as vinegar, baking soda, or douching solutions you can buy at drug and grocery stores) into the vagina. The water or solutions are held in a bottle and squirted into the vagina through tubing and a nozzle. (4women.gov)

Why douche?Women would douche to rinse away blood after a menstrual period; clean the vagina after sex to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and wash away semen to prevent pregnancy; and reduce odors.

Ineffective, unless it contained spermicide which made it partly effective Christy Nguyen

Physical- Chemical Methods:Contraceptive Tampons

Physical- Chemical Methods:Contraceptive Tampons

Women got the idea from having to deal with their menstrual flow

If they could flood their vagina with an astringent or spermicidal fluid, she could then use a tampon to keep it from dripping out before taking its effect.

They then began to soak their tampons with an astringent and then insert it into their vagina.

Women got the idea from having to deal with their menstrual flow

If they could flood their vagina with an astringent or spermicidal fluid, she could then use a tampon to keep it from dripping out before taking its effect.

They then began to soak their tampons with an astringent and then insert it into their vagina.

               

 

Christy Nguyen

Physical- Chemical Methods:Douching Syringe

Physical- Chemical Methods:Douching Syringe

- The douching system was not thought to be effective unless injected the fluids into the vagina under pressure

- Primitive women had the technology for this process because it is reported that they had bulbed syringes.

- The douching system was not thought to be effective unless injected the fluids into the vagina under pressure

- Primitive women had the technology for this process because it is reported that they had bulbed syringes.

Christy Nguyen

Physical- Chemical Methods:Sponges

Physical- Chemical Methods:Sponges

-  Cleopatra used a sea sponge that was moistened with vinegar which was highly effective

-  19th- century women of Constantinople soaked their sponges with diluted lemon juice just before having intercourse.

-  Citric Acid is a highly effective spermicide

- The sponge was then improved by attaching a string to it, so that it could be removed with ease.

-  Cleopatra used a sea sponge that was moistened with vinegar which was highly effective

-  19th- century women of Constantinople soaked their sponges with diluted lemon juice just before having intercourse.

-  Citric Acid is a highly effective spermicide

- The sponge was then improved by attaching a string to it, so that it could be removed with ease.

Christy Nguyen

Chemical PessariesChemical Pessaries - Instead of being a fiber tampon they

used one that was a gummy substance

- Some women used a black mass that was shaped like a pill and inserted it into their vagina before intercourse. It contained a large amount of tannic acid which is stronger than lactic acid

- Instead of being a fiber tampon they used one that was a gummy substance

- Some women used a black mass that was shaped like a pill and inserted it into their vagina before intercourse. It contained a large amount of tannic acid which is stronger than lactic acid

Christy Nguyen

Oral ContraceptivesOral Contraceptives - usually herbs or herbal preparations

- potion was the first form of contraceptives that were mentioned

- Hippocrates in 4th/5th Century BC said: 'If a woman does not wish to become pregnant, dissolve in water misy as large as a bean and give it to her to drink and for a year she will not become pregnant

- Many women from different areas used herbal contraceptives they gathered from different parts of plants

- In some areas contraceptives were a matter of life and deathEx. Upper-class Incan women having intercourse with a commoner was a capital offense

- usually herbs or herbal preparations

- potion was the first form of contraceptives that were mentioned

- Hippocrates in 4th/5th Century BC said: 'If a woman does not wish to become pregnant, dissolve in water misy as large as a bean and give it to her to drink and for a year she will not become pregnant

- Many women from different areas used herbal contraceptives they gathered from different parts of plants

- In some areas contraceptives were a matter of life and deathEx. Upper-class Incan women having intercourse with a commoner was a capital offense

Christy Nguyen

Oral Contraceptives (Cont,)

Oral Contraceptives (Cont,)

Many concoctions recommended were poisons

19th century European peasant women believed in continuous drinking after each menstrual period of water obtained from a “blacksmith’s metal-quenching water” which was thought to contain lead of iron sulfate

Interesting oral contraceptives  -         drinking mixtures of gunpowder – Oasis of Sima -         foam from a camel’s mouth- Oasis of Sima -         burnt earth from under a fire- White Mountain Apache

Women - scraping of a male deer horn- Cora women

Many concoctions recommended were poisons

19th century European peasant women believed in continuous drinking after each menstrual period of water obtained from a “blacksmith’s metal-quenching water” which was thought to contain lead of iron sulfate

Interesting oral contraceptives  -         drinking mixtures of gunpowder – Oasis of Sima -         foam from a camel’s mouth- Oasis of Sima -         burnt earth from under a fire- White Mountain Apache

Women - scraping of a male deer horn- Cora women

Christy Nguyen

Anti-fertility Technology:Surgical and

Cyclical or Rhythm Methods

Anti-fertility Technology:Surgical and

Cyclical or Rhythm MethodsChristy NguyenChristy Nguyen

Anti-fertility Technology:Cyclical or Rhythm Methods

Anti-fertility Technology:Cyclical or Rhythm Methods

Billings Ovulation Method- (Dr. Evelyn Billings) the woman is fertile every month only during the 100

hours that is immediately surrounding her ovulation. Her mucus will change dramatically as this period approaches. By looking at her mucus everyday she can be pre-warned of her fertile period

Body Aware System- ( Selmaree Oster) A paper dipped into urine or saliva will change color to

respond to high estrogen levels that support ovulation

Billings Ovulation Method- (Dr. Evelyn Billings) the woman is fertile every month only during the 100

hours that is immediately surrounding her ovulation. Her mucus will change dramatically as this period approaches. By looking at her mucus everyday she can be pre-warned of her fertile period

Body Aware System- ( Selmaree Oster) A paper dipped into urine or saliva will change color to

respond to high estrogen levels that support ovulation

Christy Nguyen

Anti-fertility Technology:Surgical Methods

Anti-fertility Technology:Surgical Methods

Ovariotomy Surgical method that is

unknown, however, the women have a scar on their side above their hip.

It is assumed that the ovary is removed

Women were knowledgeable in this area to know how to perform the procedure

Ovariotomy Surgical method that is

unknown, however, the women have a scar on their side above their hip.

It is assumed that the ovary is removed

Women were knowledgeable in this area to know how to perform the procedure

Christy Nguyen

Anti-Fertility Technology : Modern Period

Anti-Fertility Technology : Modern Period

Kelly YeeKelly Yee

19th Century: Pessaries19th Century: Pessaries The U.S. Patent Office refused

to patent anything overtly described as a contraceptive.

The word pessary is the patent class of “Abdominal and uterine supporters.” 1897 Sears catalogue

model makes clear, in this device a heavy belt supported the abdomen externally and held in place a hard rubber pedestal-called a pessary- that supported the uterus internally

The U.S. Patent Office refused to patent anything overtly described as a contraceptive.

The word pessary is the patent class of “Abdominal and uterine supporters.” 1897 Sears catalogue

model makes clear, in this device a heavy belt supported the abdomen externally and held in place a hard rubber pedestal-called a pessary- that supported the uterus internally

Kelly Yee

Vaginal Syringes: contraceptive douching

Vaginal Syringes: contraceptive douching

Anna L. Palmer patented earliest contraceptive syringe. Laura M. Adams, Margaret Hart, Annie H.

Collins, Lucy R. Meyer. Survey conducted in Indiana

20% using any contraception were still douching.

Reducing conception by 80% Elizabeth Holcombe patented a Vaginal

irrigator and urinal in 1881.

Anna L. Palmer patented earliest contraceptive syringe. Laura M. Adams, Margaret Hart, Annie H.

Collins, Lucy R. Meyer. Survey conducted in Indiana

20% using any contraception were still douching.

Reducing conception by 80% Elizabeth Holcombe patented a Vaginal

irrigator and urinal in 1881.

Kelly Yee

Cervical capCervical cap

An ancient method, invented at least a thousand years ago Molded opium, silky paper, orange

and lemon halves. Interfere with menstrual bleeding. No names of women inventors,

only their role in testing the effectiveness

An ancient method, invented at least a thousand years ago Molded opium, silky paper, orange

and lemon halves. Interfere with menstrual bleeding. No names of women inventors,

only their role in testing the effectiveness

Kelly Yee

DiahphragmDiahphragm Greatest

advancement since condom

Dr. Aletta Jacobs First birth-control

clinic Suffrage movement Lowest maternal

death rate and infant death rate in Europe

Greatest advancement since condom

Dr. Aletta Jacobs First birth-control

clinic Suffrage movement Lowest maternal

death rate and infant death rate in Europe

Kelly Yee

The Perennial SpongeThe Perennial Sponge

Annie Besant (1847-1933)Sponge soaked in quinine solution

and inserted into the vagina before intercourse

1877 trial established Englishwomen’s right to birth-control informatio

Annie Besant (1847-1933)Sponge soaked in quinine solution

and inserted into the vagina before intercourse

1877 trial established Englishwomen’s right to birth-control informatio

The 20th Century: Anti-Fertility Technology

The 20th Century: Anti-Fertility Technology

Margaret Sanger (1879-1966)

Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau in NYC

Katherine Dexter McCormick (1875-1967)

First birth-control pill

Blanche Ames Ames (1878-1969)

Co-founded Birth Control League of Massachusetts

Marie Carmichael Stopes (1880-1958)

England’s first birth-control clinic

Kelly Yee

Rational Methods: Barrier, Chemical, Combined,

Hormonal

Rational Methods: Barrier, Chemical, Combined,

Hormonal

Louise Nelson Patented a Pessary (1907)

Hannah Stone Combined diaphragm with spermicidal jellies

Dr. Connie Chambers Harris

Modern birth-control pill

Dr. Edris Rice-Wray Long-lasting injection contraceptive

*Doris Moehrle Nature’s Answer reusable sponge tampon

*Marjorie R. Murray Personal Pill Reminder (1974)

Male ContraceptionMale Contraception Dr. Martha Voegli

Three weeks of daily 45-minute baths in water of 116 degrees F can make a man sterile for six months

Barbara Seaman

Suggested condoms should be made in different sizes

Transformed women’s reproductive freedom

Dr. Martha Voegli

Three weeks of daily 45-minute baths in water of 116 degrees F can make a man sterile for six months

Barbara Seaman

Suggested condoms should be made in different sizes

Transformed women’s reproductive freedom

Kelly Yee

Natural or Cyclical Methods

Natural or Cyclical Methods

Louise Lacey “Lunaception”

1. Determine cycle and the precise pattern of temperature changes that signals ovulation

2. Sleep in absolute darkness for the first 13 days of cycle

3. After 13 days, sleep with a source of white light for the next 2 days

4. Return to absolute darkness for the remaining nights of the cycle.

Louise Lacey “Lunaception”

1. Determine cycle and the precise pattern of temperature changes that signals ovulation

2. Sleep in absolute darkness for the first 13 days of cycle

3. After 13 days, sleep with a source of white light for the next 2 days

4. Return to absolute darkness for the remaining nights of the cycle.

Kelly Yee

Mental/Psychological Methods

Mental/Psychological Methods

Barbara Brown The human brain can exert control

over the body and its functions even down to the level of a single cell

A woman could be able to close her cervix against sperm until a spermicidal douche could be administered.

Barbara Brown The human brain can exert control

over the body and its functions even down to the level of a single cell

A woman could be able to close her cervix against sperm until a spermicidal douche could be administered.

Kelly Yee

ResearchResearch

Carol Grace Smith THC

(tetrahydrocannabinol), active principle of marijuana

Ann de Peyster Gossypol

Carol Grace Smith THC

(tetrahydrocannabinol), active principle of marijuana

Ann de Peyster Gossypol

Kelly Yee

Just Some FACTSJust Some FACTS

Abstinence 100% effective

The Pill 98% effective

Abortion 96% effective

Condoms 90% effective

Foams/Spermicides 85% effective

Kelly Yee

We’re not done yet!!!We’re not done yet!!!

It’s time to have some fun(not that kind of fun)

It’s time to have some fun(not that kind of fun)