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SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME INCO 2013-2.1
JEUPISTE
Grant Agreement Number: 609585
D2.2 ANALYSIS OF THE EU-JAPAN COOPERATION IN FP7
Deliverable Nature: Report
Dissemination level: PU (Public)
Work Package Number: WP2
Work Package Title: Support to policy analysis
Task Number: D2.2
Task Title: Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
Submission Date: -
Publication Date: -
Task Leading Partner: AGAUR
Contributing Partners: ALL
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Document Revision History
Version Date Author Comment
0v1 12 May 2014 AGAUR Initial draft
0v2 12 May 2014 IIST Quick revision
0v3 9 March 2014 DLR Revision
0v4 1 August 2014 AGAUR Revised draft by AGAUR
0v5 1 August 2014 DLR Revision by DLR
0v6 14 September IIST Revision
0v7 10 October 2014 AGAUR Final refinement
0v8 6 November 2014 DLR Final check by the WPL
0v9 13 November 2014 BMBF Quality control by M. Steinberger, member of the JEUPISTE Advisory Board
0v91 22 December 2014 AGAUR Incorporation of the comments by the Advisory Board and revision of data (with the newest set)
0v92 9 January 2015 AGAUR Addition of the Executive summary
1v0 12 January 2015 IIST Final version for submission
1v1 22 January 2015 AGAUR Correction following comments by the Project Officer
2v0 27 January 2015 IIST Final version for 2nd submission
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Contents
1. Introduction: general objectives of the analysis .......................................................... 3
2. Japanese participation in the Seventh Framework Programme ................................... 4 2.1. General overview ........................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Success Rate ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Cooperation partners ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1.3. Japanese entities ............................................................................................................... 9
2.2. Cooperation Programme ............................................................................................... 10 2.3. People Programme ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Ideas Programme ......................................................................................................... 13
3. Japanese affiliated companies in Europe participation in the Seventh Framework Programme ..................................................................................................................... 15
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Executive Summary
The present report constitutes deliverable D2.2 of the JEUPISTE project funded under the
European Union’s (EU’s) 7th Framework Programme (FP7) for Research and Technological
Development (RTD), as a part of the activities within Work Package 2 of the project, for support
to policy dialogues.
The internationalization of Japanese research and researchers has experienced an important
dynamism in the last years. The Japanese participation in FP7 has increased year after year
since 2007 and around 100 Japanese entities have participated in almost 160 projects and have
received around ten million Euros. About 62% of the Japanese participation was under
Cooperation specific programnme, followed by People (around 24%) and Capacities (8%)
programmes. Cooperation between Japanese and European entities in the EURATOM
programme, both in the fission and fusion programmes, has also been significant. The thematic
fields of the projects are mainly oriented towards the areas of information and communication
technologies, environment, health, nanotechnology and security, being social sciences and
humanities the field with the lowest participation. Success rates (from proposal to funding
award) differ substantially between areas but the overall 31% for all programmes could be
considered a good result given that the global overall FP7 success rate is around 20%.
The European counterparts of the projects are spread across all EU and associated countries,
being Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain or The Netherlands the main
counterparts of projects with Japanese participants and also the countries with the largest
participation in FP7 in general terms.
The Japanese participants are mainly universities and public bodies and around 70 Japanese
affiliated companies located in Europe also participated in the Programme.
Regarding individual grants, 49 researchers have undertaken mobility and career development
research projects under People programme while 14 Japanese researchers have been funded by
Ideas programme, through the European Research Council.
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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1. Introduction: general objectives of the analysis
The JEUPISTE project aims to contribute to the STI capacity building towards the sustainable
development of the EU through the building of mutually beneficial partnerships, by supporting
the EU-Japan policy dialogues, ensuring bilateral flow of information, organizing seminars and
workshops to further develop the partnership by exchange of information and opinions,
establishing visible contact points and offering them appropriate cross-sectional and cross
thematic training courses, providing comprehensive help desk service, and disseminating the
results and discussion widely to the Research, Technological Development and Innovation
(RTDI) communities.
The overall objective of this report is to assess the participation of Japanese organizations in
the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development,FP7 (2007-
2013), the European Union’s main instrument for funding research in Europe. Analytical data
on each different specific programme and action will be provided.
The methodology used to study the Japanese participation is based mainly on the analysis of
data provided by the European Commission (Directorate General for Research and Innovation
(DG RTD) and EU Executive Agencies (Research Executive Agency (REA) and European
Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA)). The data contained information about the
number of proposals submitted, contracts and Grant Agreements (GAs) signed under each
programme, participants’ information, financial and other relevant data. The database includes
the Cooperation and Capacities Programme and the People collaborative projects1, also known
as Marie Curie actions. Marie Curie individual fellowships projects have been treated separately
in the analysis as well as the European Research Council (ERC) projects as ERC grants involves
only European institutions being Japanese entities non eligible to participate. Apart from
analysing Japanese participation in FP7, the analysis also includes information on the
CONCERT-Japan2 2012 Pilot Joint Call and several EU-Japan coordinated joint calls3. This
report also analyses the participation of Japanese Affiliated Companies located in Europe. The
cut-off date for the analysis has been November 2014. This report will be progressively updated
as conclusive data on last calls under FP7 and the results of the initial Horizon 2020 calls
become available (finally as D2.8).
1 The People Collaborative projects are the Initial Training Networks (ITN) and the International Research Staff
Exchange Scheme (IRSES) actions. For a definition of these actions, see section 2.3 of this document. 2 CONCERT-Japan is an FP7 project with the general aim to promote an effective and coordinated science and
technology cooperation between European countries and Japan. The CONCERT-Japan Project conducted a Pilot
Joint Call for research proposals between September and November 2012, calling for joint research proposals in
the two prioritized thematic areas of "Resilience against Disasters" and "Efficient Energy Storage and Distribution". 3 The EU Japan coordinated joint calls are: the 2011 EU-Japan Coordinated Energy Call on Photovoltaics (FP7
-Energy-2011-JAPAN-Photovoltaics); the 2013 ICT EU Japan Coordinated call (FP7-ICT-2013-EU-Japan); and
the 2013 NMP EU Japan Call (FP7-NMP-2013-EU-Japan).
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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2. Japanese participation in the Seventh Framework Programme
2.1. General overview
Japan is ranked nº10 regarding the total cost of the participation4 among the third countries that
participated in FP7 but still really far behind the United States and the Russian Federation that
represent the first and second position respectively. As is shown in Figure 1, the Japanese
participation total cost is similar to that of Ukraine and lower than that of other countries such
as Brazil, South Africa and Canada. In terms of number of projects, Japan ranks nº14 and as
shown in Figure 2, similar to that of Argentina, Mexico and Morocco. Around 100 independent
institutions have participated in FP7 projects5, which constitute an important increase in the
participation compared to the previous framework programmes.
Figure 1 Third Countries Participation Total Cost
4 The data regarding the total cost of the participation includes both the participant EC contribution and the
participant own contribution. 5This data includes the Cooperation and Capacities Programme and all People collaborative projects (ITN and
IRSES), also known as Marie Curie Actions.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Participant Total Cost
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Figure 2 Third Countries participation (number of projects in cooperation programme)
Across all programme areas there were 209 participations of Japanese entities in 159 projects.
Japanese entities mostly participate as partner in 207 projects while there have been two projects
where a Japanese entity participated as coordinator. The two projects coordinated by Japanese
belonged to the Capacities programme and, more specifically, to two BILAT Projects (J-BILAT
and JEUPISTE) targeting Japan, funded under the International Cooperation sub-programme.
The total EU contribution received by Japanese beneficiaries is around 10 million Euro, of
which around 1 million Euro belong to the two coordinating BILAT projects6. It is important
to note that about 70% of Japanese entities participate in FP7 funded projects without receiving
EC contribution. Since 2007, the number of Japanese participations has increased year after
year with an exception of 2012, which represents a significant drop of the number of projects
funded.
6 J-BILAT and Jeupiste project, funded under the FP7 International Cooperation Programme.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
FP7 Participations
05
10152025303540
Y2007 Y2008 Y2009 Y2010 Y2011 Y2012 Y2013
Number of projects 8 11 24 27 34 16 39
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Figure 3 FP7 Number of projects with JP participation per year (excluding programmes targeting
individual researchers)
Figure 4 The number of signed FP7 contracts with JP participation per year
The distribution of Japanese participation over the different FP7 Specific Programmes is shown
in Figure 5. About 62% of the Japanese participation accounts for the Cooperation programme7,
followed by the People programme8 with 23,6% of the participation and the Capacities with
8,4%. The Capacities programme aims to enhance research and innovation capacities and
ensure their optimal use and represents 8% of the overall total FP7 budget, so the Japanese
participation in this program is considerably good. 15 projects have been funded under this
programme in the areas of Infrastructures, International cooperation and Science in society.
Cooperation in the framework of the Euratom fission and fusion programmes (EURATOM) is
also well established with around 6% of the total Japanese FP7 participation. Although this
percentage of participation is the lowest one, we should take into account that the overall
funding possibilities to participate in EURATOM projects have been smaller than the other
three. Japanese entities participates in nine fission projects while in fusion research Japan and
Euratom have over 150 on-going collaborative activities involving 53 European entities and 35
Japanese research institutions. A number of these activities involve the Joint European Torus
(JET) in areas considered critical for ITER. Regarding the Ideas Programme9, no data has been
included in this section as ERC grants involves only European institutions being Japanese
entities non eligible to participate.
7The Cooperation programme promotes the progress of knowledge and technology through collaborative projects
in ten thematic areas. 8 The People programme is dedicated to stimulating researchers’ career development, training and mobility. 9The Ideas programme supports risk-taking and high-impact research.
5%7%
15%
17%
21%
10%
25%
Y2007
Y2008
Y2009
Y2010
Y2011
Y2012
Y2013
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Figure 5 Projects with JP participation in FP7 specific programmes
2.1.1. Success Rate
The success rate of Japanese participation in FP7 is 31% for the whole thematic areas (analysis
based on Grant Agreements signed), being the global overall FP7 success rate around 20%. As
to the specific programmes, EURATOM has the highest success rate with 90%, followed by
the Capacities programme (48%), People (33%) and Cooperation with the lowest success rate
of 25%. The global success rate of FP7 Cooperation programme is around 19% so the Japanese
participation in this programme stands above the EU average. Success rates across all themes
vary significantly and, apart from EURATOM, Infrastructures and Security have reached the
highest success rate while Energy and Social Sciences have the lowest ones. Thematic areas
such as Information & Communication Technologies (ICT), Health, Knowledge Based Bio-
Economy (KBBE), Nanotechnologies (NMP) and Transport have success rates around 20 and
35%.
Figure 6 Overall success rate of Japanese participation in FP7 (%)
62,1%
5,9%
8,4%
23,6%SP1-Cooperation
SP3-People
SP4-Capacities
SP5-Euratom
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
SP1-
Cooperat
ion
SP3-
People
SP4-
Capacitie
s
SP5-
Euratom
ALL SPs
Success rate (%) 25% 33% 48% 90% 31%
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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JP Success Rate in FP7:
Thematic Areas
Success rate (%)
ENV (incl. Climate Change)
38%
ENERGY 14%
EURATOM 90%
PEOPLE 33%
ICT 23%
HEALTH 36%
INCO 40%
INFRA 54%
KBBE 23%
NMP 27%
SEC 57%
SiS 50%
SPACE 24%
SSH 13%
TPT (incl. Aeronautics)
21%
ALL Areas 31%
Figure 7 Japanese success rate in FP7 Thematic Areas10
2.1.2. Cooperation partners
European organizations from all Member States and Associated Countries are involved in the
159 projects with Japanese participation. The highest number of successful collaborations are
concentrated in Germany (237), followed by the United Kingdom (213), France (171) and Italy
(150). Table 1 shows the main EU and Associated countries collaborating with Japan.
10 ENV (Environment); Energy (Energy); ERC (European Research Council); EURATOM (European Atomic
Energy Community); People (Marie Curie Actions); ICT (Information & Communication Technologies); Health
(Health); INCO (International Cooperation); INFRA (Infrastructures); KBBE (Knowledge Based Bio-Economy);
NMP); NMP (Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials & New Production Technologies); SEC (Security); SIS
(Science and Society); SME (Research for the benefit of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)); SPA
(Space); SSH (Social Sciences and Humanities); TPT (Transport, including Aeronautics).
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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European Union countries / Associated countries Number of Participations
Germany 237
United Kingdom 213
France 171
Italy 150
Spain 101
The Netherlands 74
Switzerland 63
Belgium 55
Other 313
Table 1 Main European Union countries /Associated countries participating with JP entities
2.1.3. Japanese entities
Around 100 Japanese entities participated in FP7 projects, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN
and Waseda University being the ones with the highest number of participations. It is
noteworthy that the entities with the highest participation are universities and public
organisations. We also note that the United Nations University (with its HQs in Tokyo) must
be treated separately, as its institutes are not necessarily located in Japan.
Participant legal name Number of Projects
University of Tokyo 18
United Nations University 17
RIKEN 7
WASEDA University 7
National University Corporation, Hokkaido University 6
National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology 5
National University Corporation, Kyoto University 5
Osaka University 4
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 4
Keio University 4
Nippon Telegraph and telephone Corporation 4
Osaka University 4
Table 2 Main Japanese entities participating in FP7 projects11
11 It should be taken into account that the United Nations University (UNU) is a global think tank and postgraduate
teaching organization headquartered in Japan. The University is comprised of 13 institutes in 12 different countries
around the world. The registration of all projects is centralized in the headquarters organization in Tokyo although
the projects may take place in an UNU entity outside Japan.
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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2.2. Cooperation Programme
The cooperation programme supports research activities carried out by collaborative projects
in trans-national cooperation in ten thematic areas, corresponding to major fields in science and
technology. This programme is of great importance to Japanese organizations as it represents
the 62% of the overall Japanese participation in FP7. However, the level of participation in the
ten thematic areas varies, as observed in the following Figure 8.
Figure 8 FP7 projects with JP participation by thematic areas (Cooperation programme)12
It can be observed that four of the themes, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
Environment (ENV), Health (HEALTH), Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials and
Production (NMP) and Security (SEC) attracted most of the Japanese collaborators, accounting
for 80% of the total Japanese participation in this specific programme (37% in ICT, 16% in
ENV, 11% in HEALTH, and 8% in NMP and SEC). It should be noted that most of these themes
together with Transport, are the areas with the greatest budget of the cooperation programme13.
ICT has long been the most active area of EU-Japan S&T cooperation, both at policy and project
level. Key areas of ICT research projects between the European Union and Japan include: future
internet, cloud computing, active and healthy ageing or cyber security. The Japanese
participation in the Security thematic area is 8%, which could be considered an interesting and
important data taking into account that this programme represents 4% of the total FP7
Cooperation budget. Funded projects in this thematic area range from crisis management or
trade to critical infrastructures to extreme weather events.
12 TPT (Transport, including aeronautics); ENV (environment); Energy (Energy); ICT (Information &
communication technologies); Health (Health); KBBE (Knowledge based bio-economy); NMP (Nanosciences,
nanotechnologies, materials & new production technologies); SEC (Security); SPACE (Space); SSH (Social
Sciences and Humanities). 13 Percentatge of the Cooperation budget by thematic area: Transport, including Aeronautics-TPT (13%);
Environment-ENV (6%); Energy (7%); Information & Communication Technologies-ICT (28%); Health (19%);
Knowledge Based Bio-Economy-KBBE (6%); Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials & New Production
Technologies-NMP (11%); Security-SEC (4%); Space (4%); Social Sciences and Humanities-SSH (2%).
1%
16%
4%
11%
37%
8%
8%
4%
6%5% ENERGY
ENV (incl. Climate Change)
KBBE
HEALTH
ICT
NMP
SEC
SSH
SPA
TPT (incl. Aeronautics)
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Energy, Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) and Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE)
are the themes with lower levels of participation. It is worth mentioning that the overall SSH
budget are within the lowest in the cooperation programme (2%) so this low participation may
be related to it, among other factors.
2.3. People Programme
The People programme reinforces international cooperation in FP7 by supporting researchers’
mobility and their career development. The programme supports European researchers to
undertake research abroad and by attracting research talent from outside Europe and fostering
research collaborations. The People programme is implemented through the so-called Marie
Curie Actions that include two main action lines: an individual one related to career
development, lifelong learning and transfer of knowledge and a host driven one that reinforces
research training networks targeting doctoral candidates and staff exchanges between European
research organizations and organizations from countries which the European Union has S&T
Agreements, such as Japan.
The Marie Curie action with the major number of projects is the International Incoming
Fellowship (IIF) for experienced researchers. 38 researchers working in Japan have undertaken
research projects in Europe with a view to enhancing the transfer of knowledge and the
possibility of future collaborative research links with Europe. The European countries which
have hosted more Japanese fellows are United Kingdom (18 projects), Germany (six projects),
Switzerland (five projects) and France (three projects). There are also eight Japanese nationals
living in Europe that have obtained an Intra-European Fellowship (IEF) to acquire skills and
work in another European country while three researchers living in Europe have received an
International Outgoing Fellowships (IOF) to gain new skills and expertise while conducting
high-level research in Japan. The latter action includes an in-built mandatory return phase to
Europe that also strengthens the collaboration between European and Japanese entities. The
Japanese institutions that have hosted these three researchers are Kobe University, Kyoto
University and Tokyo University.
Nº of projects
Marie Curie IIF 38
Marie Curie IEF 8
Marie Curie IOF 3
49
Figure 9 Japanese Participation in Marie Curie Individual Fellowships
78%
16%
6%
Marie Curie IIF
Marie Curie IEF
Marie Curie IOF
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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With regard to the International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES), 34 projects have
been funded. Compared to the above actions (IIF, IEF and IOF), which provide mobility
possibilities to individual researchers, this action provides support to organizations to establish
and reinforce long-term research co-operation through staff exchanges and networking
activities. Since 2007, there has been an increase in the number of projects funded, being
Engineering and Physics the thematic areas with higher participation and Economy and
Humanities the lower ones. There is only one Japanese participation in the International
Training Networks (ITN) scheme for early stage researchers, concretely RIKEN has
participated in the BrainTrain project about brain disorders.
Figure 10 Japanese participation in Marie Curie IRSES projects
Figure 11 Japanese participation in Marie Curie IRSES projects by thematic areas
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Y2008 Y2009 Y2010 Y2011 Y2012
Nº Projects 1 7 7 12 7
12% 3%
20%
6%
18%
18%
20%
3% Chemistry
Economy
Engineering
Environment
Life Sciences
Maths
Physics
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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2.4. Ideas Programme
The main aim of the Ideas programme, implemented by the European Research Council (ERC),
is to encourage the highest quality research in Europe through competitive funding and to
support investigator-driven frontier research across all fields, on the basis of scientific
excellence. Unlike traditional FP7 Cooperation projects, ERC grants support individual
researchers (Principal Investigator, PI) and their research teams. The sole criterion for selection
is scientific excellence. The aim here is to recognize the best ideas, and confer status and
visibility on the best brains in Europe, while also attracting talent from abroad in reinforcing
excellence, dynamism and creativity in European Research. The host organization must be
based in an EU Member State or Associated Country; therefore organizations based in third
countries are not eligible as host institutions. Japanese researchers are allowed to apply but only
in the case they decide to move to a European institution to carry out the research proposed or
stay in Europe in the case of Japanese researchers already residing in Europe.
Currently there are five types of grants, and the following are the core funding schemes: ERC
Starting Grants (StG – researchers with two to seven years of experienced after their PhD), ERC
Consolidator Grants (CoG – designed to support top researchers with 7 to 12 years of
experience after their PhD), and ERC Advanced Grants (AdG – open to excellent established
researchers who have a recent track-record which identifies them as leaders in their respective
fields of research).
Eleven national Japanese researchers have obtained a StG while two have received a CoG and
one an AdG. The host institutions are distributed between seven EU countries as Figure 12
shows and with regard to the thematic areas, eight belong to Life Sciences, five to Physical
Sciences and Engineering, and one to Social Sciences and Humanities.
Figure 12 Japanese ERC grantees per country host institution
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
UK FR DE AT CH NO BE
Nº of JP Researchers 5 2 2 2 1 1 1
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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Figure 13 Japanese ERC grantees per research area
Comparing with other third countries nationals that have been awarded, Japanese national
researchers occupy sixth place, behind the United States, Canadian, Russian, Australian and
Indian nationals. The participation by the US nationals is outstanding among the third country
participation in this specific programme.
Figure 14 ERC Third Countries Nationality Grantees
7%
36%
57%
Social Sciences and
Humanities
Physics
Life Sciences
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
U.S CA RU AU IN JAPA
N
AR CN UKR Other
s
Starting Grants 52 12 14 14 12 11 7 7 7 17
Consolidator Grants 5 4 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 3
Advanced Grants 57 7 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 7
JEUPISTE D2.2 Analysis of the EU-Japan Cooperation in FP7
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3. Japanese affiliated companies in Europe participation in the Seventh Framework
Programme
In the framework of the Jeupiste Project, the Japanese affiliated companies in Europe
participation have also been analysed. Though these entities are legally based in Europe and are
counted as European participation, it has been considered important to examine the involvement
of the Japanese industrial sector in its broadest sense in the European research and innovation
system. The findings of that analysis show that almost 70 Japanese affiliated companies in
Europe participated in FP7 projects, which indicate that the involvement of the Japanese
industrial sector in the European research and innovation system has been mostly through the
affiliates in Europe. Most of them are engineering and electronics conglomerate companies or
belong to the automobile sector with legal addresses in the United Kingdom, France and
Germany. Table 3 shows the main Japanese affiliated companies in Europe participating in
more than five FP7 Projects.
Affiliate Nº of
projects EU host country
NEC Europe LTD. 48 United Kingdom
DOCOMO Communications
Laboratories Europe GmbH 11 Germany
HITACHI Europe LTD. 10 United Kingdom
HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S. 9 France
TOSHIBA Research Europe
LTD. 8 United Kingdom
HITACHI Europe SAS 8 France
Sony Europe LTD. 5 United Kingdom
Table 3 Main Japanese affiliated companies in Europe participating in FP7 projects
Sources
1. EC Commission (DG Research and Innovation and Research Executive Agency).
2. FP7 Monitoring Reports (http://ec.europa.eu/research/evaluations/index_en.cfm).
3. Interim Evaluation of the Seventh Framework Programme - Report of the Expert
Group (http://ec.europa.eu/research/evaluations/pdf/archive/other_reports_studies_an
d_documents/fp7_interim_evaluation_expert_group_report.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=
none). 4. Cordis (Projects and Results – http://cordis.europa.eu).