Settling the SouthSettling the South

Chapter 7 Lesson 1Pages 252-259

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ObjectivesObjectivesDescribe the location & physical

setting of the Southern Colonies.

Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded.

Discuss how slavery affected the Southern Colonies.

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VocabularyVocabularyConstitution – written plan of

government

Debtors – people who had been put in prison for owing money

Backcountry – the land between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains

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The Southern ColoniesThe Southern ColoniesMaryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

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MARYLANDMARYLAND

Founded by: The Calverts, rich English landowners

Why: $$$ and REFUGE for CatholicsWhen: 1633Owner: George Calvert (died before King

gave charter), so Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore

1633 – 1st group arrivesMost are indentured servantsPotomac River1st settlement – St. Mary’s City

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What were the reasons for What were the reasons for founding the Maryland founding the Maryland Colony?Colony?

To make moneyTo serve as a refuge for Catholics

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Farming in MarylandFarming in MarylandTobaccoSome large plantationsIndentured Servants◦Given land (by government)◦Clothes◦Tools◦Barrels of corn

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Government in MarylandGovernment in MarylandHad governors and assemblyCalverts controlled proprietary

colony1649 – Toleration Act Passed –

religious freedom to all Christians in Colony

1702 – Anclican Church become colony’s official church

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VIRGINIAVIRGINIA

1607 – Jamestown

Royal Colony (King Controlled)

Tobacco main crop

House of Burgesses

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Feature ComparisonFeature Comparison

Virginia Maryland

Royal ColonyTobacco – CASH CropMild ClimateFertile SoilOn ChesapeakeGovernor & Assembly

Proprietary ColonyTobaccoSettled for $$ and

CatholicsMild ClimateFertile SoilOn Potomac RiverGovernor & Assembly

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What features did What features did Maryland & Virginia Maryland & Virginia share?share?

Chesapeake Bay & Potomac RiverMild ClimateTobacco farmingSimilar Governments

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Why were Maryland and Why were Maryland and Virginia suited to growing Virginia suited to growing tobacco?tobacco?

Mild ClimateFertile Soil along Coastal Plain

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CAROLINA CAROLINA COLONIESCOLONIES

When: 1663King Charles II – granted landWho: divided among 8 English

leaders called Lords ProprietorsWhy: Virginia & Maryland crowded -

moved south for land1669 – ConstitutionHard to govern – large; colonists

disobeyed laws

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Split in 1712Split in 1712ComparisonComparison

North Carolina South Carolina

Crops: Corn & Tobacco

Couldn’t grow tobacco

Land to wetEnslaved Africans –

RICERICE becomes cash

cropsAfricans make up

most of the population

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Why was Carolina Colony Why was Carolina Colony hard to govern?hard to govern?

LargeColonist ignored laws they didn’t like

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What role did enslaved What role did enslaved Africans play in the South Africans play in the South Carolina colony?Carolina colony?

They knew how to grow rice, which becomes their cash crop.

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GEORGIAGEORGIA

When: 1733Who: James OglethorpeWhy: to send debtors Savannah – 1st settlementNamed after King George IIReason: England, France, & Spain all

claimed land south of SCKing wanted to send people to protect

& gain control of area

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Slavery in GeorgiaSlavery in GeorgiaLeaders limited size of farmsDid not allow slaveryNO plantations1751 – leaders decided to allow

slaveryIn turn, Plantations grewEconomy of Georgia grew due to:◦Plantations◦Slaves

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Why did James Why did James Olgethorpe found Olgethorpe found Georgia Colony?Georgia Colony?

To defend England’s claim to the Southern Colonies AndTo give debtors a new start

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What happened in What happened in Georgia once slavery was Georgia once slavery was allowed?allowed?

Georgia’s economy grew and depended on Plantations & Slaves

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Heading WESTHeading WESTMost settled along Atlantic Coast

(Coastal Plain)

Few in Piedmont (land between Coastal Plain and Appalachians) – AKA Backcountry

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Great Wagon RoadGreat Wagon RoadMid-1700’sHard travel: thick forests, steep

hills, few roadsPA – Germans move to Backcountry

of VA & CarolinasNative American Trail large enough

for wagonsPassed Shenandoah Valley –

eastern side of Blue Ridge Mountains

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The Great Wagon RoadThe Great Wagon Road

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Why was it hard to reach Why was it hard to reach the backcountry?the backcountry?

Thick forestsSteep hillsFew roads

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How did the first settlers How did the first settlers reach the backcountry?reach the backcountry?

A Native American trail

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Conflicts with Native Conflicts with Native AmericansAmericansMore colonists arrive = more

conflictTUSCARORA WAR - 1711◦In NC◦German & Swiss destroy Tuscarora

village◦Native Americans then not treated fairly◦Native Americans attack – goal scare off

settlers◦War ended 1713 ◦950 Tuscarora had been killed,

captured, or sold into slavery

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Conflicts ContinuedConflicts ContinuedPushed off landsCaptured – sent to West Indies

(Sugar)Died FightingDied of diseases: smallpox &

measlesForced to move West to

unclaimed land

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What effect did settlers What effect did settlers have on Native Americans have on Native Americans in the Southern Colonies?in the Southern Colonies?

Many were killed or capturedOthers moved west

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Who founded the Who founded the Maryland Colony for Maryland Colony for Catholics?Catholics?

Lord Baltimore

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What document allowed What document allowed religious freedom to all religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland?Christians in Maryland?

Toleration Act

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Describe the area included Describe the area included in the original colony of in the original colony of Carolina.Carolina.

From Virginia to Spanish Florida

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What colony did James What colony did James Oglethorpe help found?Oglethorpe help found?

Georgia

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What region does What region does backcountry refer?backcountry refer?

The Piedmont

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Where did most enslaved Where did most enslaved Africans work in the Africans work in the Southern Colonies?Southern Colonies?

On Plantations

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What was the cash crop for What was the cash crop for the northern area of the the northern area of the Southern Colonies?Southern Colonies?

tobacco

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What was the cash crop What was the cash crop grown in the southern areas grown in the southern areas of South Carolina?of South Carolina?

Rice

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What caused conflict What caused conflict between Southern Colonies between Southern Colonies & Native Americans?& Native Americans?

LandDestroyed villagesNative Americans not treated justlyCaptured, Sold, or KilledMany died of disease

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