Prof.Gabriela Manzano

Prof.Ernesto Correa

• A settlement is a place where people

live and interact through activities

such as agriculture, trading and

entertainment.

• A settlement in Geography helps us to

understand the relationship of

humans with their environment.

• Get in pairs and name at least 5.

3.Soils- The fertility of soils is also another

consideration for agricultural activities.

4.Shelter- Areas which are sheltered from

natural elements. Windswept highlands with

harsh cold climate are conducive for

settlement.

5.Defence- The threat from enemies and

predatory animals driven people to live

together for protection.

RESIDENTIAL

TOURISM

POLITICAL AND

ADMINISTRATIVE

COMMERCIAL

CULTURAL

INDUSTRIAL

• ‘capital of the

highways and

skyways’

• A city

conceived

as a

solution

• This refers to the arrangement of settlements in an

«order of importance», usually from many isolated

dwellings or hamlets at the base of the hierarchy to one

major city at the top.

• 1. The area and population of the

settlement

• 2. The range and number of

services/functions within each

settlement

• 3. The relative sphere of influence of each settlement

• Dispersed settlement patterns are those in which

individual houses and farms are widely scattered

throughout the countryside.

Dispersed settlements have no

obvious centre and are often

hamlets spread over fertile

farmland.

Nucleated or clustered settlements

often form at crossroads or route

centres.

• Nucleated settlement patterns are those in which houses

and buildings are tightly clustered around a central

feature such as a church, village green or crossroads.

• Linear settlement patterns are those in which

very few houses can be found in the

surrounding fields. They are sometimes

termed hamlets or villages according to their

size and function.

Settlements grow along a road (e.g.

in a narrow valley) or along the

coast.

Urb

an

hie

rarc

hy

World metropolises

National metropolises

Regional metropolises

Smaller cities

• NYC, London, Tokyo. They have

global influence. Important

international institutions, the main

stock exchanges and large

multinational companies are based

there.

• Are capital cities and cities which

have influence in a particular country.

• Government bodies and large

companies are based there. Every

country generally has one or two

national metropolises.

• Are cities which influence a particular

region of the country

• Are you able to name any cities like

this in Uruguay?

• You can measure levels of urbanisation by calculating

the percentage of the total population living in urban

areas.

• The UN estimates that about 50% of the world´s

population live in urban areas. THE WORLD IS NOW

URBANISED

• MEDCs tend to have high levels of urbanisation.

• LEDCs tend to have low levels of urbanisation. However,

they are urbanising very rapidly.

• To help us understand land use, geographers have

drawn models of a «typical» urban settlement.

OUTER

SUBURBS:

high cost,

low density

housing

INNER

SUBURBS:

medium

density

housing

CENTRAL

BUSINESS

DISTRICT (CBD):

Shops and offices

ZONE IN

TRANSITION:

Inner city-

industry and

high density,

low cost

housing

CENTRAL

BUSINESS

DISTRICT

(CBD)

INDUSTRY

: along

transport

routes HIGH

COST

HOUSING:

Luxury flats

or

detached

houses

PERIFE

RIA:

older

informal

housing

FAVELAS

:

Recent

informal

housing

• Towns and cities grow in size and number

as the urban population expands.

• The rapid rate of urbanisation in developed

and developing countries brings a host of

urban problems due to a large increase in

the number of urban dwellers.

• Which are the problems you can think of?

• 1.Housing- lack of houses and the inability to afford

proper housing. Development of squattered settlement.

• 2.Water supply- shortage of water supply due to the

demand of water supply and poor piping system.

• 3.Transport- too many cars in major cities. Poor public

transport system.

• 4.Pollution- domestic and industrial waste contribute to

land pollution in urban areas.

• 5. Overcrowding- LEDC cities often have a very high

population density.

• 6. Competition for land- job opportunities and services

tend to be poor in the squattered settlements.

• 7. Disease- poor sanitation, limited healthcare and little

clean water in squattered settlements means that there is

a high risk of disease.

1.Housing – provide high rise flats.

• –Provide low cost housing to relocate slum dwellers and squatters.

• –Improve the living conditions of slums and squatter settlements instead of removing them by providing piped water and sanitation.

• 2. Water supply- to increase water supply it is important to build more reservoirs.

• –To improve the quality of water, more treatment plants should be built and old rusty pipes must be replaced.

• –Educate the public in the virtues of water conservation. •

• 3. Transport- to ease congestion in the developed countries, road and railways network have to extended.

• – Build extensive expressways and wider roads to ensure smooth flow of traffic.

• –Encourage to use public transport to reduce traffic congestion. •

• 4. Pollution- several ways to curb pollution

• -Impose fines to protect the environment such as littering and emission of excessive exhaustion fumes.

• –Water pollution- increase the number of sewerage pipes in the city.

• –Increase awareness of health, hygiene and illnesses of pollutions.

•