EDWARD III1327-1377 AD

EDWARD III´S FAMILY

EDWARD II Isabella of France

EDWARD III Philippa of Hainault

Edward “The Black Prince”

Joan of Kent

RICHARD II

Born: 13 November of 1312 in Widson Castle.

1320: Earl of Chester.

1325: duke of Aquitaine.

only 14 years old when the murder of his father made him king.

crowned in January 29, 1327 at Westminster Abbey.

Early life and Coronation

His mother Isabella and Roger Mortimer (mother´s lover) ruled England for him.

In 1328, Edward married Phillipa of Hanault.They had 13 children.

Edward instigated a palace revolt in 1330 when he was eighteen years old.

He assumed control of the government.

Mortirmer was executed for murdering his father.

He imprisoned his mother for the rest of her life at Castle Rising in Norfolk.

Edward III made many laws regulating the wool trade.

He created the Staple Towns .

The wool produced in the district was to be sold to foreign merchants.

 He made a tax “Customs Duty” On the export of wool.

THE WOOL TRADE

In 1353, “Ordinance of the Staple”, which forbade the selling of wool to foreign buyers except at certain fixed markets.

THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH:

Invited Flemish wool-workers.

Englishman learned from them the arts of weaving cloth.

Lower on cloth than on raw wool.

STAPLE TOWNS

York

Lincoln

Bristol

Winchester

THE HUNDRED YEARS´WAR Philip III

(1270-1285)

Philip IV(1285-1314)

Charles of Valois(+1325)

Philip VI(1328-1350)

Louis X(1314-1316)

Philip V(1316-1322)

Charles IV(1322-1328)

Isabella Edward II

EDWARD III

Dynastic background for the Hundred Years´ War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453.

The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought for the control of the French throne.

Many allies of both sides were also drawn into the conflict.

From 1337 until 1341 was a sea-battle off Flemish port.

The French tried to prevent King Edward and his troops landing.

The first great victory of English Navy.

Both Kings were forced to make a truce.

Lasted six years.

Sluys (1340)

THE EDWARIAN WAR(1337-1360)

It took place on 26 August 1346 near Crecy in northem France.

Commanders and Leaders were: -Philip Vi of France-Edward III of England- Edward the Black Prince

Battle of Crecy (1346)

Combatants: An English and Welsh army against an army of French, Bohemians,

Flemings, Germans, Savoyards and Luxemburgers.

Size of the armies:-England: 12,ooo while France:60,ooo

DECISIVE ENGLISH VICTORY 1347, CALAIS BECOMES AN EXCLAVE OF ENGLAND

KINGS OF FRANCE

Philip VI(1328-1350)

John II(1350-2364)

In 1355, The Black Prince provoked the French King John to renew the war.

Making a great raid from headquearters at Bordeaux through southern France.

In 1356, King John intercepted him near Poitiers.

ARMY WEAKNESS:

-Prince prisoner of war, together with a hundred of his knights. He refused these terms, and prepared for batlle.

Battle of Poitiers (1356)

19th September 1356, in Western-france.

Combatants: -An army of English and

Gascons against the French and their allies.

Consequences: - Hundreds of prisioners were

captured, including King John.

DECISIVE ENGLISH VICTORY.

King John ceded all the former Angevin Empire, but the French nobles refused to accept Edward as king.

Signed on 25 May 1360, between King Edward III of England and King John II (the Good) of France.

The French ceded extensive territories in northwestern France to England and agreed to ransom John at a cost of three million gold crowns.

 King Edward III renounced his claim to the French throne. 

Treaty of Bretigny (1360)

The treaty failed to establish a lasting peace, and the war began again in 1369.

To disentangle the feudal responsibilities that had caused so much conflict.

This treaty was ratified on 24 October 1360 at Calais.

The kings abandoned their rights over the territory they had yielded to one another were signed.

the name given to a disease called the bubonic plague.

Killed an estimated 75 to 200 million people (one of three people died).

swept England and the rest of Europe.

was spread by fleas from black rats.

THE BLACK DEATH (1348-1350)

The statute of Labourers (1351):

-The result was a near immediate labor shortage.

-English laborers demanded higher wages.

-Directed against the rise in prices and wages.

-Prohibiting the movement of workers from their home areas in search of improved conditions.

In 1305, The King of France had induced the Carinals to elect as Pope a Frenchman who lived at Avingnon in the south of France instead of at Rome.

ENEMY POPE’???????

THE STATUTE OF PROVISORS (1351): Forbade the revenues of English benefices to be sent to the

pope.

STATUTE OF PRAENUMIRE (1353): Made it illegal to bring law cases before the papal courts, or to

bring papal bulls into the country without the king´s permission.

CHECKS TO PAPAL POWER

A clergyman. Head of an Oxford college.

Taught that clergy in the churches ought to returned to lived as apostles.

The Bible should be translated to be understood by all.

organized a band of Poor Preachers

John Wycliffe:(1320-1384)

Edward died aged 45 on 8 June 1376.

Location of death: Westminster, England Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Canterbury Cathedral.

THE BLACK PRINCE´S DEATH (1376)

Effigy of the Black Prince. Detail (Canterbury Cathedral)

He died 21 June 1377. (aged 64).

A stroke at Sheen Palace.

Old age.

SUCCESSOR: His grandson Richard II

EDWARD III´S DEATH (1377)

He made English the official Language of Law and Parliament.

He foster foreign trade. (RAW-WOOL)

He reformed law, improving justice for ordinary people.

He was successful in war, regaining almost a quarter of France.

With the help of his warrior son “The black Prince” (Black armour)

IMPROVEMENTS