1. The _________ accounts for the gray color ofareas that contain neuron cell bodiesthegray matter seen in gross dissection of thebrain or spinal cord.

chromatophilicsubstance

2. The activities of the _________nervoussystem are usually outside our awarenessor control.

autonomic

3. The activities of the somatic nervoussystem may be _________or _________

voluntary,involuntary

4. The afferent division begins at____________that monitor specificcharacteristics of the environment.

receptors

5. Almost all _________neurons arepseudounipolar neurons with their cellbodies located outside the CNS inperipheral sensory ganglia.

sensory

6. Almost all sensory neurons arepseudounipolar neurons with their cellbodies located outside the CNS inperipheral sensory ganglia. They form the_________division of the PNS.

afferent

7. Area between adjacent glial cells wherethe myelin covering of an axon isincomplete. Also termed a node ofRanvier.

internode

8. _________are responsible for the analysis ofsensory inputs and the coordination ofmotor outputs. The more complex theresponse to a given stimulus, the greaterthe number of _________involved.

Interneurons

9. _________ are responsible for the transferand processing of information in thenervous system.

Neurons

10. _________ are smaller than neurons, andthey retain the ability to dividean abilitylost by most neurons

Glial cells

11. Astrocyte functions can besummarized as follows: (5)

Controlling the interstitialenvironment, Maintainingthe blood-brain barrier,Creating a three-dimensional framework forthe CNS, Performing repairsin damaged neural tissue,Guiding neurondevelopment

12. An axon may branch along itslength, producing sidebranches called _________

collaterals

13. An axon, or _________, is a longcytoplasmic process capableof propagating an actionpotential.

nerve fiber

14. Axons connecting theganglion cells with theperipheral effectors areknown as _________ fibers

postganglionic

15. Axons extending from theCNS to a ganglion are called_________fibers.

preganglionic

16. The axons of sensory neurons,called _________, extendbetween a sensory receptorand the spinal cord or brain.

afferent fibers

17. An axon that carries impulsesaway from the CNS.

efferent fiber

18. Bundles of neurofilaments,called _________, arecytoskeletal elements thatextend into the dendrites andaxon.

neurofibrils

19. The cell body is attached toan elongated axon that endsat one or more _________

synaptic terminals

20. _________cells are cuboidal tocolumnar in form. Unliketypical epithelial cells,_________cells have slenderprocesses that branchextensively and make directcontact with glial cells in thesurrounding neural tissue

Ependymal

Chapter 13 - Nervous SysStudy online at quizlet.com/_1uv1eb

21. _________cells ensheath every peripheralaxon. A single _________cell forms themyelin sheath around a portion of asingle axon. A single _________cell canencircle several unmyelinated axons.

Schwann

22. _________(cell type) processes tie clustersof axons together and improve thefunctional performance of neurons bywrapping axons in myelin, a materialwith insulating properties.

Oligodendrocyte

23. The central nervous system (CNS)consists of the ___.

brain and spinalcord

24. CNS glial cells responsible formaintaining cellular organization in thegray matter and providing a myelinsheath in areas of white matter.

oligodendrocytes

25. A collection of nerve cell bodies outsidethe CNS.

ganglion/ganglia

26. The cytoplasm that surrounds thenucleus in the soma of a nerve cell. Alsotermed the nerve cell body.

perikaryon

27. Cytoplasm within an axon axoplasm28. Data from exteroceptors and

proprioceptors are carried by_________sensory neurons.

somatic

29. Disintegration of an axon and its myelinsheath distal to an injury site.

Walleriandegeneration

30. The _________division also deliversinformation provided by special senseorgans, such as the eye and ear.

afferent

31. The ____division carries informationfrom somatic sensory receptors, whichmonitor skeletal muscles, joints, andthe skin, and from visceral sensoryreceptors, which monitor otherinternal tissues such as smooth muscle,cardiac muscle, and glands.

afferent

32. The efferent division begins inside theCNS and ends at an _________

effector

33. The efferent division includes the_________ which controls skeletal musclecontractions, and the _________, orvisceral motor system, which regulatessmooth muscle, cardiac muscle, andglandular activity.

somatic nervoussystem (SNS),autonomicnervous system(ANS)

34. Elongate extension of a neuron thatconducts an action potential away fromthe soma and toward the synapticterminals.

axon

35. Every peripheral axon, whether it isunmyelinated or myelinated, is coveredby _________, or neurolemmocytes.

Schwann cells

36. Fluid bathing the internal and externalsurfaces of the CNS; secreted by thechoroid plexus.

cerebrospinalfluid (CSF)

37. Four types of glial cells are found in thecentral nervous system: _________

astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,microglia, andependymal cells.

38. Glial cells responsible for theneurilemma that surrounds axons inthe PNS.

Schwann cells

39. _________improves the speed at which anaction potential, or nerve impulse, isconducted along an axon.

Myelin

40. The ____________ includes all of the neuraltissue outside the CNS.

PNS

41. Insulating sheath around an axonconsisting of multiple layers of glial cellmembrane; significantly increasesconduction rate along the axon.

myelin

42. Interneurons can be classified as_________ or _________on the basis of theireffects on the postsynaptic membranesof other neurons.

excitatory,inhibitory

43. Interoceptive information is carried by_________sensory neurons.

visceral

44. In the CNS, a neuron receivesinformation from other neuronsprimarily at the _________, whichrepresent 80-90 percent of the neuron'stotal surface area.

dendritic spines

45. In the peripheral nervous system,_________cells participate in the repair ofdamaged nerves

Schwann

46. In times of infection or injury, thenumber of _________increasesdramatically. Roughly 5 percent of theCNS glial cells are _________, but in timesof infection or injury this percentageincreases dramatically.

microglia

47. _________is A peripheral gland or musclecell innervated by a motor neuron.

effector

48. The ____ is responsible for integrating,processing, and coordinating sensoryinput and motor output. It is also theseat of higher functions, such asintelligence, memory, learning, andemotion.

CNS

49. _________ is the Isolation of the CNS fromthe general circulation; primarily theresult of astrocyte regulation of capillarypermeabilities.

blood-brainbarrier (BBB)

50. The largest and most numerous glial cellsare the _________

astrocytes

51. The main trunk and the collaterals end ina series of fine terminal extensions, calledterminal arborizations or _________

telodendria

52. _________may be situated between sensoryand motor neurons. _________are locatedentirely within the brain and spinal cord.They outnumber all other neuronscombined both in total number and intypes.

Interneurons

53. Microfilaments in the cytoplasm of aneuron

neurofilaments

54. Microtubules in the cytoplasm of aneuron.

neurotubules

55. The _________migrate into the CNS as itforms, and thereafter they remain withinthe neural tissue, acting as a rovingsecurity force. _________are the phagocyticcells of the CNS, engulfing cellular debris,waste products, and pathogens.

microglia

56. _________ monitor the digestive,respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, andreproductive systems and providesensations of deep pressure and pain aswell as taste, another special sense.

Interoceptors

57. _________monitor the position andmovement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Proprioceptors

58. Multipolar neurons that form the efferentdivision of the nervous system are_________neurons

motor

59. The nervous system has two anatomicalsubdivisions:

the centralnervoussystem and theperipheralnervoussystem

60. The _________nervous system includes allthe visceral motor neurons that innervateperipheral effectors other than skeletalmuscles.

autonomic

61. The nervous system usually providesrelatively swift but brief responses tostimuli by temporarily modifying theactivities of other __

organ systems

62. Neural tissue contains two distinct celltypes

nerve cells, orneurons, andsupporting cells,or neuroglia.

63. The neural tissue of the body containsapproximately 100 billion neuroglia, or_________. which is roughly five times thenumber of neurons

glial cells

64. Neuron cell bodies in peripheral gangliaare surrounded by _________. _________regulate the exchange of nutrients andwaste products between the neuron cellbody and the extracellular fluid.

satellite cells

65. Neurons are classified functionally intothree categories: (1) _________neurons thatdetect stimuli in the PNS and sendinformation to the CNS

sensory

66. Neurons are classified functionally intothree categories: (2) _________neurons tocarry instructions from the CNS toperipheral effectors

motor

67. Neurons are classified functionally intothree categories: (3) _________in the CNSthat process sensory information andcoordinate motor activity.

interneurons

68. _________neurons are relatively rare butplay an important role in relayingsensory information concerning sight,smell, and hearing. Their axons are notmyelinated.

Bipolar

69. _________neurons collect informationconcerning the external or internalenvironment. There are about 10 million_________neurons.

Sensory

70. _________neurons have continuousdendritic and axonal processes, and thecell body lies off to one side. Sensoryneurons of the peripheral nervoussystem are usually _________, and theiraxons may be myelinated.

pseudounipolar

71. _________neurons have several dendritesand a single axon that may have one ormore branches. _________neurons are themost common type of neuron in theCNS. For example, all of the motorneurons that control skeletal musclesare _________neurons with myelinatedaxons.

Multipolar

72. Neurons may be classified based on (1)_________or (2) _________.

structure,function

73. A _________neuron stimulates or modifiesthe activity of a peripheral tissue, organ,or organ system.

motor

74. Nonneural cells of the CNS and PNS thatsupport and protect the neurons.

neuroglia

75. ____________of CNS carries motorcommands to muscles and glands.

efferentdivision

76. ____________of the PNS brings sensoryinformation to the CNS

afferentdivision

77. One of the primary functions of_________cells is to limit the number ortypes of stimuli affecting individualneurons.

glial

78. The outer surface of a glial cell thatencircles an axon

neurilemma

79. The plasmalemma of an axon is called the_________

axolemma

80. The PNS is subdivided into two divisions afferentdivision,efferentdivision

81. Portion of the neural cell body adjacent tothe initial segment.

axon hillock

82. _________provide information about theexternal environment in the form oftouch, temperature, and pressuresensations and the more complex specialsenses of sight, smell, and hearing.

Exteroceptors

83. The proximal portion of the axon,adjacent to the axon hillock, where anaction potential first appears.

initial segment

84. Regions dominated by myelinated axonsconstitute the _________matter of the CNS

white

85. regions dominated by neuron cell bodies,dendrites, and unmyelinated axons arecalled _________matter

gray

86. A representative neuron has a cell body, or_________

soma

87. The ribosomes and RER synthesizepeptides and proteins. Groups of fixed andfree ribosomes are present in largenumbers. These ribosomal clusters arecalled chromatophilic substance or_________.

Nissl bodies

88. The ribosomes and RER synthesizepeptides and proteins. Groups of fixed andfree ribosomes are present in largenumbers. These ribosomal clusters arecalled _________ or Nissl bodies.

chromatophilicsubstance

89. A Schwann cell can myelinate onlyabout 1 mm along the length of asingle axon. In contrast, an _________(inCNS) can myelinate portions of severalaxons

oligodendrocyte

90. _________sensory neurons transmitinformation about internalconditions and the status of otherorgan systems.

Visceral

91. _________sensory neurons transmitinformation about the outside worldand our position within it.

Somatic

92. A sensory process of a neuron dendrite93. Site of communication between a

nerve cell and some other cell; if theother cell is not a neuron, the termneuroeffector junction is often used.

synapse

94. A structure found where one neuronsynapses with another. Also termed asynaptic knob.

terminal bouton

95. the superficial cytoplasmic coveringprovided by the Schwann cells isknown as the _________

neurilemma

96. Synaptic communication most ofteninvolves the release of specificchemicals called _________

neurotransmitters

97. The terminal arborizations end in a_________, where the neuron contactsanother neuron or effector.

synaptic terminal

98. There are two groups of __________________neuronsone group has cellbodies inside the CNS, and the otherhas cell bodies in peripheral ganglia.

visceral motor

99. They form the afferent division of thePNS. Their function is to deliverinformation to the CNS. .

sensory neurons

100. The two efferent divisions of the PNSthe _________nervous system, and the_________nervous systemdiffer in theway they innervate peripheraleffectors.

somatic,autonomic

101. Unlike the situation inside the_________, every axon in the _________hasa complete neurilemmal sheath

CNS, PNS

102. The ventricles of the brain and centralcanal of the spinal cord are lined by acellular layer called the _________

ependyma

103. Within the ventricles, specialized_________cells participate in thesecretion of cerebrospinal fluid.

ependymal

Chapter 13 - Nervous Sys