Learning Objectives of this topic Learn what is motivation. Know the cycle of motivation Understand the importance of motivated

people Understanding the principles of peak

performance

Motivation

A motive is something that moves an organism to act .

Motivation is an internal state that activates, guides and sustains behavior .

Motivation refers to a presumed internal state that causes an organism to move toward some goal.

it is a complex mixture of biology ,learning cognition and culture.

Motivation ProcessAn understanding of motivational process is

necessary in order to comprehend why people behave as they do .

Motivation process comprises six steps:1. Identification of needs.(needs are felt

deprivation which an individual experiences at a given time, and act as energizers, the may be psychological, physiological and social)

2. Search for ways to satisfy needs.(*these deprivations force the individuals to search for ways to reduce them.

3. Engagement in goal directed behavior.(a goal is a specific result that the individuals want to achieve.)

4. Perform: an act is perform to overcome the tension.

5.Recieves either reward or punishment. (they are the signals that needs and behaviors are appropriate or not)

6.Reassessment of needs deficiencies.

Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic motivation is evident when

people engage in an activity for its own sake, without some obvious external incentive present. A hobby is a typical example.

Intrinsic Model students are more likely to experience

intrinsic motivation if they:Attribute their educational results to internal

factors that they can control (eg. the amount of effort they put in, not 'fixed ability').

Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (eg. the results are not determined by dumb luck.)

Are motivated towards deep 'mastery' of a topic, instead of just rote-learning 'performance' to get good grades.

Extrinsic MotivationTraditionally, extrinsic motivation has been

used to motivate employees:Tangible rewards such as payments,

promotions (or punishments). Intangible rewards such as praise or

public commendation.

Motivational theoriesOur behaviors are motivated by instinct.

An instinct is a complex pattern of behavior that occurs in response to specific stimulus ,without the need for any learning .

Expectancy theoryIt emphasizes the importance of rewards or

goals as well as how a person’s expectations of consequences can influence his behavior.

According to this theory motivation is composed of two things.

1.Valence or attractiveness of a goal,2.Expectancy or likelihood that its behavior will

lead to the goal.

Drive reduction theoryIt proposes that organism experiences the

arousal of a drive (an inner urge to satisfy some basic need) when an important need is not satisfied.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

He argued that most theories of human motivation had focused on basic physiological needs.

1.Physiological needs 2.Security and safety needs3.Need for love and belongingness4.Need for esteem5.Need for self actualization

Goal setting theoryIntentions to work toward goal are a major

source of work motivation.Goals tell an employee ,what needs to be

done and,How much effort will need to be expended.

McClelland's theory of needs Achievement,power,and affiliation are three

important needs that help explain motivation.

1. Need for achievement: The drive to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to success.

2. Need for power: the desire to have impact, and to be influential.

3. Need for affiliation: the need for friendly and close relationships

Demotivating factorsUnfair criticismNegative CriticismPublic HumiliationRewarding the non performersFailure or fear of failureOrganizational PoliticsUnfair treatmnetResponsibility without authorityPoor standards

Lack of measurable standardsLack of prioritiesLow self esteemSuccess which leads to ComplacenceNegative self talk

Importance and benefits of MotivationMotivated people are always looking for

better ways to do task.Motivated people are more quality oriented.Highly motivated people are more

productive.Any technology needs motivated

people/employees to adapt it successfully.

How to Identify MotivationEnergyCommitmentStaying PowerSkillSingle mindednessEnjoymentResponsibility

Peak PerformersLead a well-rounded lifeSelect a Career they Care aboutRehearse each challenging Task MentallySeek Result ,no perfectionBe willing to take risksDon’t underestimate their PotentialCompete with their self not with othersSelf Reliancecommonsense

Know their fieldAbility to get things done