session 6: the challenge of public participation - …...multiple flood risk strategies and the...
TRANSCRIPT
Session 6:The challenge of public participation
Thursday 4 February 2016, 16:15-17:45
Brussels, STAR-FLOOD final conference
Classic approach: investments in ‘flood defence’
Participation, a necessity
� Involvement of diverse policy domains
� Involvement of a broad range of public, private and
civil society actors
Multiple calls to involve the public
� Aarhus convention 1998
� Floods directive 2007/60/EC
� Making space for water strategy 2004, England
� Act on civil security 2004, France
� …
Multiple initiatives to start sharing responsibility
�Multiple initiatives to encourage citizens to embrace
partial responsibility for flood risk managemnt
� For the uptake of property-level measures
� Enhancing preparedness for flooding etc.
Participation, a challenge
Involving the public in Flood Risk Management (FRM) is
a challenge. How to get people involved? Who to
involve? What to expect from participation?
Guest lecture of prof. dr. Marc Craps
Session programme
16:15 – 16:20 Introduction
16:20 – 16:40 Keynote speach, prof. dr. Marc Craps
16:40 – 16:45 Short intro to the roundtable discussions
16:45 – 17:25 Two round table discussions in parallel
� Efforts to engage citizens in flood emergency management
� Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation
17:25 – 17:35 Plenary feedback of the roundtables
17:35 – 17:45 Some concluding reflections, ir. Jan van den Bossche, Grontmij Belgium
Keynote speach
“The challenge of
public participation in
flood risk management”
by prof. dr. Marc Craps
Available time:
16:20 – 16:40
The Challenge of Public Participation
in Flood Risk Management
Marc Craps, Centre for Economics and Corporate
Sustainability, KU Leuven, Belgium
Star Flood ConferenceBrussels, February 4, 2016
Towards resilient flood risk governance
arrangements
• Introduction: resilience & flood risk
o Social-relational approach
o Multiple strategies simultaneously
• Governance arrangements
o Different actors & blurring boundaries
o Different discourses: framing & reframing
o Power resources – action strategies
o Interaction rules to co-create knowledge
• Concluding reflections
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
“…Resilience is the capacity of a system — be
it an individual, a forest, a city, or an economy
— to deal with change and continue to
develop. It is both about withstanding shocks
and disturbances (like climate change or
financial crisis) and using such events to
catalyze renewal, novelty, and innovation.
In human systems, resilience thinking
emphasizes learning and social diversity.
At the level of the biosphere, it focuses on the
interdependence of people and nature, the
dynamic interplay of slow and gradual
change…”
Carl Folke,
Director
Stockholm
Resilience
Institute, Doctor
Honoris Causa
KU Leuven 2015
A social-relational approach of
sustainability
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Multiple flood risk
strategies and
the challenge of
participation
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Prevention
p.ej.
Spatial
planning
Flood
defence
p.ej.
Dikes &
dams
Mitigation
p.ej.
Green
infrastruct
.Urban
managmt
Preparation
p.ej.
Warning
systems,
evacuation
Recovery
p.ej.
Restoring,
insurance
Complex situations & interdependent actors
Multiple actors – blurring boundaries
From government to
multi-actor
governance
From consumers to
active civil society
From business only
to corporate
sustainability
From “the Science”
to co-creating
knowledge
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Different discoursese.g. framing of river basin
“a representational process in which we present or express how we make sense of situations” (Gray, 2003)
Framing river basin management as: Preferred by:
Policy preparation Public officers
Technical study Consultants, technical
specialists
Nature conservation Citizen groups identified
with nature
Flood prevention Local governments
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
From participation to multi-actor governance
• Institutions
• Legal power
• Positional
• Bureaucracy
• Efficiency, transparency,
accountability, participation
• Stakeholders
• Legitimate interests
• Relational
• Community
• Networks, partnerships,
distributed initiatives
“We define together our
problem and solutions”
Multi-actor
network
Government
People
Public
participation
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
From participation to multi-actor governance
Citizens Governments
Representative Passive Directing
Consultative Defensive Listening &
controlling
Interactive Actively
contributing
Proactively
involving
Direct Issuing,
initiating, co-
deciding
Facilitating and
supporting
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Power & different action strategies (based on Bouwen & Fry, 1991)
Positionalpower
Discursivepower
Knowledge power
Joint learning
Role leader
Authority Communi-cator
Specialist Coach,facilitator
Decisionprocess
Impose top-down
Influence, convince
Analytical, rational decision
2-way communication, consultation, consensus
Criteria Quick % of followers
Technical criteria
Shared meaning
Learning Accept Imitate Learn cognitively
Why and how change
When? Crisis, lack of time
One-sided interest
Structured problem
Complexproblem, Inter-dependence
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Co-creating knowledge
Transactional mode
• Dominant way
• Defending vested
interests
• Each actor focusing on
own interests
• Distributive negotiations,
bargaining (win – lose)
• Formal procedures:
interactions between
institutional
“representatives”
Co-creating mode
• Mutual, open-ended
commitment
• Actors think and act
identifying with what they
share
• Integrative negotiations,
looking for synergies
• Relational process:
interactions between
“authentic” persons
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
• Search Conference,
World Café, Open
Space, …
• Art works
• Prototyping
• Outdoor activities
• …
Co-creating knowledge
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Relational practices
“Relational practices are
task-centered actions
with relational qualities
of reciprocity and reflexivity,
enabling all relevant stakeholders
to connect with a shared domain,
in a meaningful way for themselves
and for the rest of the group.”
“There is no method, just watch the relationship”
(McNamee)
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Some concluding reflections• Structures and procedures for public participation:
o necessary but not sufficient
o Motivation to engage
o Quality of mutual listening and contributing
• Histories of non-involvement:
o Skepticism, anger, anxiety
o Trust = slow to gain, easy to loose
• Expert and local (lay) persons
o Local communities and governments need experts!
o But expertise need also contextualization by local knowledge
• Not “less government” but different involvement and sharedresponsibilities
o Organizing and facilitating participation & dialogue
o Stimulate citizen initiatives
Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels
Roundtable discussions
Roundtable 1: Efforts to engage citizens in flood emergency
management
Chaired by: Dr. Meghan Alexander
Roundtable 2: Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation
Chaired by: Hannelore Mees & Maria Kaufmann
Overarching questions
1. What are the opportunities and barriers to
delivering effective public participation initiatives?
2. What are the conditions for success in public
participation initiatives?
3. What factors constrain public participation
initiatives?
4. What factors constrain the transferability of one
initiative from one country to another?
Efforts to engage citizens in flood
emergency management Chaired by Dr. Meghan Alexander
1. In what ways are the citizens
being encouraged to engage
with flood emergency
management?
2. What are the opportunities
and barriers to delivering
effective public participation
initiatives in emergency
management?
3. What are the conditions for
success in such initiatives?
Speakers:
Francis Comyn, Rochdale Borough
Council, England
Jakub Lewandowski, sociologist of the
Institute of Agricultural and Forest
Environment of the Polish Academy of
Sciences in Poznan (Poland) and STAR-
FLOOD researcher
Sylvia Gahlin of the City of Nice –
Department of Risk Management
Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation
Chaired by Hannelore Mees & Maria Kaufmann
• Presentation by Robbie Craig (Defra, UK):
Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme
• First responses by Bram Vogels (VMM, Flanders) and François Mayer (SPW, Wallonia)
• Group discussion on opportunities of and barriersto flood damage prevention at household-level
Overarching questions
1. What are the opportunities and barriers to
delivering effective public participation initiatives?
2. What are the conditions for success in public
participation initiatives?
3. What factors constrain public participation initiatives?
4. What factors constrain the transferability of one
initiative from one country to another?
Roundtable discussionsAvailable time: 16:45 – 17:25
Plenary feedback of the roundtable discussions
Responses to overarching questions:
1. What are the opportunities and barriers to
delivering effective public participation initiatives?
2. What are the conditions for success in public
participation initiatives?
3. What factors constrain public participation initiatives?
4. What factors constrain the transferability of one
initiative from one country to another?
Available time: 17:25 – 17:35
Closingby Jan van den Bossche
Good practices on participation
• PAPI (Action plan for flood risk prevention): France (intigrated planning)
• River contracts in Wallonia (how to collaborate in river basins)
• Multi-level cooperation in Dordrecht, the Netherland (How to build
bridges between different governmental levels).
• Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme in England (How to
raise awareness and action by citizens)
• Flood action groups and flood wardens in England
• Firefighters, volunteers and local leaders in Poland
Still today:
18:00 - 19:00 Drinks
19:00 – 21:30 Dinner
Tomorrow 8:30 – 9:45
Three new parallel sessions