session 12 two-wavelength tracking - nasasession 12 two-wavelength tracking john degnan, cinzia...
TRANSCRIPT
Session 12
Two-Wavelength Tracking
John Degnan, Cinzia Luceri
Zim
mer
wal
dZi
mm
erw
ald
Dua
l-W
avel
engt
h O
pera
tion
Dua
l-W
avel
engt
h O
pera
tion
Wer
ner
Gur
tner
Eug
en P
opJo
hann
es U
tzin
ger
Ast
rono
mic
al I
nstit
ute
Uni
vers
ity o
f B
ern
28-3
1 O
ctob
er 2
003
Köt
ztin
g
Two-
Wav
elen
gths
Des
ign
Two-
Wav
elen
gths
Des
ign
uR
ecei
vers
uB
lue
(423
nm
)u
CSP
AD
:Si
ngle
sho
t rm
s:
50 p
s
uH
amam
atsu
PM
T
uIR
(
846
nm)
uH
amam
atsu
PM
T:
Sing
le s
hot r
ms:
150
ps
uB
eam
atte
nuat
ion
uT
rans
mitt
ing
beam
su
Sepa
rate
rot
atin
g po
lari
zer
for
each
col
or
uR
ecei
ving
pat
hsu
Cir
cula
r ad
just
able
ND
filt
ers
uN
eutr
al d
ensi
ty f
ilter
s in
sert
ed f
or c
alib
ratio
n
Tran
smit
Pat
hTr
ansm
it P
ath
Var
iabl
eA
ttenu
ator
Dou
blin
g C
ryst
al
Shut
ter
Shut
ter
Var
iabl
eA
ttenu
ator
Rec
eivi
ng P
ath
Rec
eivi
ng P
ath
CSP
AD
PMT
Spar
e
PMT
Fabr
y-Pe
rot F
ilter
s
Neu
tral
Den
sity
Filt
ers
(Cal
ibra
tion)
Infr
ared
Pat
h
Blu
e P
ath
5 nm
Filt
ers
Exa
mpl
e:
Exa
mpl
e: L
ageo
sLa
geos
-1 P
ass
-1 P
ass
25 A
ugus
t 200
2, 1
9:40
-20:
30 U
T25
Aug
ust 2
002,
19:
40-2
0:30
UT
Wav
elen
gthS
ingl
e sh
otob
serv
atio
nsSi
ngle
shot
RM
SCal
ibra
tionR
MSN
umbe
r ofN
orm
alpo
ints
Ave
rage
diff
eren
ceB
lue
423
nm13
230.
16 n
s0.1
2 ns
18IR
8
46 n
m13
370.
18 n
s0.2
3 ns
210.
05 n
s
Lage
osLa
geos
-1 B
lue
and
IR R
esid
uals
(ns
)-1
Blu
e an
d IR
Res
idua
ls (
ns)
Exp
erie
nces
Exp
erie
nces
uB
eam
alig
nmen
t is
rath
er c
ritic
al
uL
ess
nois
e in
the
infr
ared
cha
nnel
dur
ing
dayl
ight
trac
king
uC
alib
ratio
n R
MS
on I
R la
rger
by
abou
t 100
perc
ents
(18
0 ps
vs.
90
ps)
uA
vera
ge p
ass
diff
eren
ces
IR-b
lue
(aft
erM
.M.-
corr
ectio
n) <
0.0
8 ns
Con
clus
ions
Con
clus
ions
uR
ange
bia
ses
betw
een
the
two
rece
ptio
nch
anne
ls c
ould
stil
l be
in th
e sy
stem
(a
few
mill
imet
ers?
)u
Dif
fere
nces
of
the
Mar
ini-
Mur
ray
refr
actio
nco
rrec
tions
at 4
23 a
nd 8
46 n
m o
bvio
usly
bette
r th
an a
bout
10
mm
uIs
acc
urac
y of
the
two
wav
elen
gths
goo
den
ough
for
map
ping
fun
ctio
n im
prov
emen
t?
Two-
colo
r A
naly
sis
Tech
niqu
eTw
o-co
lor
Ana
lysi
s Te
chni
que
(( Slid
es b
y Sl
ides
by
Van
V
an H
usso
nH
usso
n ))
uZ
imm
erw
ald:
Rob
ust 2
-col
or d
atas
et in
Jul
y –
Aug
ust 2
003
uZ
imm
erw
ald
2-co
lor
conf
igur
atio
nu
Blu
e (4
23nm
): C
SPA
D, S
R62
0 #0
236,
2.5
sig
ma
uIR
(84
6nm
): P
MT
, SR
620
#228
2, 2
.5 s
igm
a
uIn
sim
ulta
neou
s pa
sses
, dif
fere
nce
rang
e bi
ases
(RB
) fr
om e
ach
colo
r [
i.e. I
R(R
B)
– B
lue(
RB
) ]
uU
ses
RB
res
ults
fro
m D
elft
and
CR
L w
eekl
yre
port
s
Zim
mer
wal
d Zi
mm
erw
ald
2-C
olor
RB
Diff
eren
ces
2-C
olor
RB
Diff
eren
ces
Zim
mer
wal
d 2
Co
lor
An
alys
is
-30
-20
-100102030
02-Jul-03
09-Jul-03
16-Jul-03
23-Jul-03
30-Jul-03
06-Aug-03
13-Aug-03
20-Aug-03
27-Aug-03
RB Difference in mm (IR-blue)
Del
ft LA
GE
OS
CR
L LA
GE
OS
Zim
mer
wal
d 2
-Co
lor
An
alys
is
-40
-30
-20
-10010203040
02-Jul-03
09-Jul-03
16-Jul-03
23-Jul-03
30-Jul-03
06-Aug-03
13-Aug-03
20-Aug-03
27-Aug-03
RB Difference in mm (IR-blue)
CR
L LA
GE
OS
CR
L A
jisai
CR
L S
tarle
tte/S
tella
Zim
mer
wal
d Zi
mm
erw
ald
2-C
olor
RB
Diff
eren
ces
2-C
olor
RB
Diff
eren
ces
Cal
ibra
tio
n V
alu
es (
SP
AD
)
32.4
5
32.5
32.5
5
32.6
32.6
5
32.7
32.7
5
32.8 52
700
5272
052
740
5276
052
780
5280
052
820
5284
052
860
5288
052
900
MJD
(52
700=
2-M
ar-2
003,
529
00=1
8-S
ep-2
003)
ns
4-A
ug-0
3
Cal
ibra
tio
n V
alu
es (
PM
IR
)
55.5
55.5
5
55.6
55.6
5
55.7
55.7
5
55.8
55.8
5 5270
052
720
5274
052
760
5278
052
800
5282
052
840
5286
052
880
5290
0
MJD
(52
700=
2-M
ar-2
003,
529
00=1
8-S
ep-2
003)
ns
4-A
ug-0
3
Zim
mer
wal
dZi
mm
erw
ald
2-C
olor
Ana
lysi
s 2
-Col
or A
naly
sis
Zim
mer
wal
d 2
-Co
lor
An
alys
is (
po
st A
ug
4, 2
003)
Del
ft L
AG
EO
SC
RL
LA
GE
OS
CR
L S
tarl
ett
e
CR
L A
jisai
-20
-15
-10-505101520
IR-Blue(mm)
Pos
sibl
e So
urce
of D
iffer
ence
sP
ossi
ble
Sour
ce o
f Diff
eren
ces
uR
efra
ctio
n A
lgor
ithm
uC
oM D
iffe
renc
esu
Det
ecto
rs (
CSP
AD
vs
PMT
)
uD
ual W
avel
engt
hs
uSi
gnal
Str
engt
h
uPo
lari
zatio
n?
uSy
stem
Cal
ibra
tion
uD
iffe
rent
SR
620
Cou
nter
line
ariti
es
uSi
gnal
Str
engt
h
uO
ptic
al P
ath
Dif
fere
nces
?
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
er
Dua
l Wav
elen
gth
Dat
a A
naly
sis
Dua
l Wav
elen
gth
Dat
a A
naly
sis
423
& 8
46 n
m42
3 &
846
nm
Err
icos
E
rric
os C
. C
. Pav
lisP
avlis
Mag
da K
uzm
icz
Mag
da K
uzm
icz -- C
iesl
akC
iesl
ak
Gly
nn
Gly
nn H
ulle
yH
ulle
y
JCE
T/U
MB
C -
NA
SA
/GS
FC
JCE
T/U
MB
C -
NA
SA
/GS
FC
2003
ILR
S W
orks
hop
on L
aser
Ran
ging
2003
ILR
S W
orks
hop
on L
aser
Ran
ging
Oct
ober
28-
31, 2
003,
O
ctob
er 2
8-31
, 200
3, KKöö t
ztin
gtz
ting
, Ger
man
y, G
erm
any
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
22
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erD
escr
iptio
nD
escr
iptio
n
••A
naly
zed
data
spa
n 20
01 t
o M
arch
200
3A
naly
zed
data
spa
n 20
01 t
o M
arch
200
3
••D
ata
com
e fr
om t
wo
site
s:D
ata
com
e fr
om t
wo
site
s:––
Zim
mer
wal
dZ
imm
erw
ald
(78
10)
(78
10)
[PR
IMA
RIL
Y] ,
and
[P
RIM
AR
ILY
] , a
nd
––C
once
ptio
n (T
IGO
)C
once
ptio
n (T
IGO
)
••D
ata
are
com
pute
d fr
om a
lread
y co
nver
ged
Dat
a ar
e co
mpu
ted
from
alre
ady
conv
erge
dor
bits
and
eac
h w
avel
engt
h is
tre
ated
as
anor
bits
and
eac
h w
avel
engt
h is
tre
ated
as
anin
depe
nden
t m
easu
rem
ent
at t
he s
ame
site
inde
pend
ent
mea
sure
men
t at
the
sam
e si
te
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
33
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erD
escr
iptio
n, (
cont
.)D
escr
iptio
n, (
cont
.)
••A
tmos
pher
ic r
efra
ctio
n co
rrec
tions
wer
eA
tmos
pher
ic r
efra
ctio
n co
rrec
tions
wer
eap
plie
d in
tw
o di
ffere
nt w
ays:
appl
ied
in t
wo
diffe
rent
way
s:
––st
anda
rd
stan
dard
Mar
ini
Mar
ini -
Mur
ray
mod
el
- M
urra
y m
odel
[MM
][M
M]
––a
varia
tion
of
a va
riatio
n of
Cid
dor
Cid
dor ’’ s
s Z
D m
odel
by
Men
des
ZD
mod
el b
y M
ende
san
d th
e ne
w F
CU
L (M
ende
s et
al.)
map
ping
and
the
new
FC
UL
(Men
des
et a
l.) m
appi
ng
func
tion
func
tion [M
C]
[MC
]••
Res
idua
l diff
eren
ces
exam
ined
for
bia
s an
dR
esid
ual d
iffer
ence
s ex
amin
ed f
or b
ias
and
scal
e di
ffere
nces
scal
e di
ffere
nces
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
44
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erD
escr
iptio
n, (
cont
.)D
escr
iptio
n, (
cont
.)
••R
esid
uals
gro
uped
by
Res
idua
ls g
roup
ed b
y ““ sig
nsi
gn””
––P
ositi
ve-r
esid
ual d
iffer
ence
s:P
ositi
ve-r
esid
ual d
iffer
ence
s:
•• M
M
MM
+
+ -
MC
-
MC
++
––N
egat
ive-
resi
dual
diff
eren
ces
Neg
ativ
e-re
sidu
al d
iffer
ence
s
•• M
M
MM
- - -
MC
-
MC
--
••R
esid
uals
gro
uped
in 1
0R
esid
uals
gro
uped
in 1
0 °° el
evat
ion
band
s e
leva
tion
band
san
d re
gres
sed
to in
vest
igat
e sc
atte
r va
riatio
nan
d re
gres
sed
to in
vest
igat
e sc
atte
r va
riatio
nco
rrel
ated
with
dep
ende
nce
on e
leva
tion
corr
elat
ed w
ith d
epen
denc
e on
ele
vatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
55
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual
Res
idua
l wrt
wrt
Ele
vatio
n E
leva
tion
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
66
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s wrt
w
rt E
leva
tion
Ele
vatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
77
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erZ
D B
ias
as a
Fun
ctio
n of
Wav
elen
gth
ZD
Bia
s as
a F
unct
ion
of W
avel
engt
h
846
nm42
3 nm
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
88
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
er
ZD
Bia
s as
a F
unct
ion
of W
avel
engt
hZ
D B
ias
as a
Fun
ctio
n of
Wav
elen
gth
SS aa aa ss tt aa mm oo ii nn ee nn
Cid
dor
Cid
dor --
Men
des
Men
des
423
nm42
3 nm
1064
nm
1064
nm
532
nm53
2 nm
423
nm42
3 nm
1064
nm
1064
nm
532
nm53
2 nm
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
99
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual
Res
idua
l wrt
wrt
Ele
vatio
n E
leva
tion
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1010
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s wrt
w
rt E
leva
tion
Ele
vatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1111
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s wrt
w
rt E
leva
tion
Ele
vatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1212
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s wrt
w
rt E
leva
tion
Ele
vatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1313
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
nR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
n42
3 nm
423
nm
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1414
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
nR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
n84
6 nm
846
nm
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1515
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
nR
esid
ual D
iffer
ence
s R
egre
ssio
n42
3 an
d 84
6 nm
423
and
846
nm -40
-200
20
40
-40
-20
02
04
0
L12
_846
+84
7_M
M+
NM
F.d
at
y =
0.7
2466
+ 1
.000
2x
R=
0.9
9941
NMF Residual [mm]
MM
Res
idua
l [m
m]
20°
< E
leva
tion
< 90
°
-40
-200
20
40
-40
-20
02
04
0
L12
_423
+42
3.5_
MM
+N
MF.
dat
y =
-1.
0535
+ 0
.999
96x
R
= 1
NMF Residual [mm]
MM
Res
idua
l [m
m]
20°
< E
leva
tion
< 90
°
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1616
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erS
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
nsS
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
ns
§§T
he r
esid
uals
for
eith
er a
tmos
pher
icT
he r
esid
uals
for
eith
er a
tmos
pher
ic
corr
ectio
n m
odel
exh
ibit
very
sim
ilar
scat
ter
corr
ectio
n m
odel
exh
ibit
very
sim
ilar
scat
ter
for
~18
00 N
Ps
so fa
r ex
amin
ed:
for
~18
00 N
Ps
so fa
r ex
amin
ed:
§§@
423
nm
12.
26 m
m@
423
nm
12.
26 m
m
§§@
846
nm
12.
31 m
m@
846
nm
12.
31 m
m
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1717
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erS
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
ns (
cont
.)S
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
ns (
cont
.)
••@
423
nm
:@
423
nm
:§§
Sm
all b
ias
(~ -
1 m
m)
and
a sc
ale
diffe
renc
eS
mal
l bia
s (~
-1
mm
) an
d a
scal
e di
ffere
nce
( 0.
9999
6 )
for
M-M
(
0.99
996
) fo
r M
-M w
rt
wrt
Men
des
- M
ende
s - C
iddo
rC
iddo
r
§§C
urre
nt d
ata
set e
xhib
its h
ighe
r sc
atte
r at
Cur
rent
dat
a se
t exh
ibits
hig
her
scat
ter
atlo
w e
leva
tion
band
slo
w e
leva
tion
band
s
§§O
vera
ll sc
atte
r ab
out t
he m
ean
is ~
0.2
mm
Ove
rall
scat
ter
abou
t the
mea
n is
~ 0
.2 m
m
§§T
he e
xam
ined
dat
a se
t is
smal
l ( ~
150
0 N
Ps)
The
exa
min
ed d
ata
set i
s sm
all (
~ 1
500
NP
s)so
mor
e ro
bust
con
clus
ions
can
be
obta
ined
so m
ore
robu
st c
oncl
usio
ns c
an b
e ob
tain
edaf
ter
the
com
plet
e se
t of d
ata
is e
xam
ined
afte
r th
e co
mpl
ete
set o
f dat
a is
exa
min
ed
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1818
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erS
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
ns (
cont
.)S
umm
ary
& C
oncl
usio
ns (
cont
.)
••@
846
nm
:@
846
nm
:§§
Sm
all b
ias
(~ +
.7 m
m)
and
a sc
ale
diffe
renc
eS
mal
l bia
s (~
+.7
mm
) an
d a
scal
e di
ffere
nce
( 1.
0002
) fo
r M
-M(
1.00
02)
for
M-M
wrt
w
rt M
ende
s -
Men
des
- Cid
dor
Cid
dor
§§M
ost d
ata
are
colle
cted
at e
leva
tions
< 6
0M
ost d
ata
are
colle
cted
at e
leva
tions
< 6
0 °°an
d ex
hibi
t low
est s
catte
r at
ele
vatio
ns:
and
exhi
bit l
owes
t sca
tter
at e
leva
tions
: 5050
°° <
<
εεεεεεεε <
60
< 6
0 °°
§§O
vera
ll sc
atte
r ab
out t
he m
ean
is ~
0.5
mm
Ove
rall
scat
ter
abou
t the
mea
n is
~ 0
.5 m
m§§
The
exa
min
ed d
ata
set i
s ve
ry s
mal
l ( ~
230
The
exa
min
ed d
ata
set i
s ve
ry s
mal
l ( ~
230
NP
s) s
o w
e ca
n no
t rea
ch a
ny c
oncl
usio
nsN
Ps)
so
we
can
not r
each
any
con
clus
ions
until
afte
r th
e la
rger
set
of d
ata
is e
xam
ined
until
afte
r th
e la
rger
set
of d
ata
is e
xam
ined
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
1919
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erW
ork
in p
rogr
ess
Wor
k in
pro
gres
s
••A
ll of
the
data
col
lect
ed u
p to
pre
sent
All
of th
e da
ta c
olle
cted
up
to p
rese
nt(p
rimar
ily fr
om
(prim
arily
from
Z
imm
erw
ald
Zim
mer
wal
d)
have
now
) ha
ve n
owbe
en p
roce
ssed
and
a m
ore
robu
st r
epor
tbe
en p
roce
ssed
and
a m
ore
robu
st r
epor
tw
ill b
e co
mpi
led
next
mon
th, w
ith a
will
be
com
pile
d ne
xt m
onth
, with
asi
mul
tane
ous
com
paris
on o
f the
dat
a to
sim
ulta
neou
s co
mpa
rison
of t
he d
ata
toat
mos
pher
ic c
orre
ctio
ns d
eriv
ed fr
om th
eat
mos
pher
ic c
orre
ctio
ns d
eriv
ed fr
om th
ere
vise
d re
vise
d C
iddo
r C
iddo
r -
Men
des
mod
el.
- M
ende
s m
odel
.
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
2020
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erP
repa
ring
for
Dua
l Wav
elen
gth
SLR
Pre
parin
g fo
r D
ual W
avel
engt
h S
LR
§§O
nce
the
diffe
rent
ial d
elay
s be
com
eO
nce
the
diffe
rent
ial d
elay
s be
com
e
avai
labl
e ro
utin
ely,
we
wou
ld li
ke to
avai
labl
e ro
utin
ely,
we
wou
ld li
ke to
com
pare
them
to m
odel
-der
ived
del
ays:
com
pare
them
to m
odel
-der
ived
del
ays:
§§T
he fu
ll pr
ecis
ion
form
ula
of [
The
full
prec
isio
n fo
rmul
a of
[D
egna
nD
egna
n , 9
3], 9
3]
§§A
s w
ell a
s th
e [
As
wel
l as
the
[ Abs
hire
Abs
hire
and
Gar
dner
, 85]
and
Gar
dner
, 85]
appr
oxim
atio
nap
prox
imat
ion
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
2121
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erC
ompa
rison
of t
he tw
o ap
proa
ches
Com
paris
on o
f the
two
appr
oach
es
§§W
e ha
ve u
sed
the
late
st M
ende
s-W
e ha
ve u
sed
the
late
st M
ende
s- Cid
dor
Cid
dor
form
ulat
ion
form
ulat
ion
for
the
grou
p re
frac
tivity
indi
ces
for
each
for
the
grou
p re
frac
tivity
indi
ces
for
each
wav
elen
gth
wav
elen
gth
§§T
he
The
““la
ser
freq
uenc
y fa
ctor
sla
ser
freq
uenc
y fa
ctor
s ”” f( f( λλλλλλλλ
) in
the
) in
the
appr
oxim
ate
[ap
prox
imat
e [ A
bshi
reA
bshi
re-G
ardn
er] f
orm
ula
are
-Gar
dner
] for
mul
a ar
eob
tain
ed fr
om th
e sa
me
form
ulat
ion
(i.e.
Men
des-
obta
ined
from
the
sam
e fo
rmul
atio
n (i.
e. M
ende
s-C
iddo
rC
iddo
r ), r
athe
r th
e su
gges
ted
one
used
in),
rat
her
the
sugg
este
d on
e us
ed in M
arin
i M
arin
i --M
urra
y)M
urra
y)§§
We
have
use
d th
e LA
GE
OS
dat
a fr
om th
e re
cent
We
have
use
d th
e LA
GE
OS
dat
a fr
om th
e re
cent
sum
mer
mon
ths
to c
ompa
re th
e tw
o su
mm
er m
onth
s to
com
pare
the
two ““
γγγγγγγγ ””
fact
ors
fac
tors
§§T
he e
xam
ined
dat
a se
t ind
icat
es th
at w
e M
US
T u
seT
he e
xam
ined
dat
a se
t ind
icat
es th
at w
e M
US
T u
seth
e fu
ll pr
ecis
ion
form
ula,
if w
e w
ant t
o m
aint
ain
the
full
prec
isio
n fo
rmul
a, if
we
wan
t to
mai
ntai
nm
m a
ccur
acy
in o
ur g
eode
tic e
stim
atio
n pr
oble
mm
m a
ccur
acy
in o
ur g
eode
tic e
stim
atio
n pr
oble
m
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
2222
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erLA
GE
OS
1
July
10
- A
ug. 2
1, 2
003
LAG
EO
S 1
Ju
ly 1
0 -
Aug
. 21,
200
3
-4-2024
01
00
20
03
00
40
05
00
60
07
00
Du
al W
avel
engt
h A
tmos
ph
eric
Cor
rect
ion
Com
pu
tati
ons
Full
pre
cisi
on v
s. A
pp
roxi
mat
eL
AG
EO
S 1
AC
pre
cisi
on
AC precision [mm]
Seq
. #
[
mm
]A
C p
reci
sion
-3.4
Min
imum
2.8
Max
imum
62
2P
oint
s0
.00
1M
ean
0.0
10
Med
ian
0.8
5RM
S0
.85
Std
Dev
iatio
n
10/2
6/03
10/2
6/03
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
Err
icos
C. P
avlis
2323
Godd
ard
Godd
ard
Spac
eSp
ace
Flight
Flig
htCe
nter
Cent
erLA
GE
OS
2
July
10
- A
ug. 2
1, 2
003
LAG
EO
S 2
Ju
ly 1
0 -
Aug
. 21,
200
3
-4-2024
01
00
20
03
00
40
05
00
Du
al W
avel
engt
h A
tmos
ph
eric
Cor
rect
ion
Com
pu
tati
ons
Full
pre
cisi
on v
s. A
pp
roxi
mat
eL
AG
EO
S 2
AC
pre
cisi
on [
mm
]
AC precision [mm]
Seq
. #
[m
m]
AC
pre
cisi
on-2
.59
8M
inim
um2
.61
3M
axim
um4
20
Poi
nts
0.0
25
Mea
n0
.01
5M
edia
n0
.72
RMS
0.7
2S
td D
evia
tion
Tw
o-co
lor
Ana
lysi
s T
echn
ique
•Z
imm
erw
ald:
rob
ust 2
-col
or d
atas
et in
Jul
y –
Aug
ust 2
003
•Z
imm
erw
ald
2-co
lor
conf
igur
atio
n–
Blu
e (4
23nm
): C
SPA
D, S
R62
0 #0
236,
2.5
sig
ma
–IR
(84
6nm
): P
MT
, SR
620
#228
2, 2
.0 s
igm
a
•In
Sim
ulta
neou
s pa
sses
, dif
fere
nce
Ran
ge B
iase
s(R
B)
from
eac
h co
lor
[ i.e
. IR
(RB
) –
Blu
e(R
B)
]•
Use
s R
B r
esul
ts f
rom
Del
ft a
nd C
RL
wee
kly
repo
rts
Zim
mer
wal
d 2-
Col
or R
B D
iffe
renc
esZ
imm
erw
ald
2 C
olo
r A
nal
ysis
-30
-20
-100102030
02-Jul-03
09-Jul-03
16-Jul-03
23-Jul-03
30-Jul-03
06-Aug-03
13-Aug-03
20-Aug-03
27-Aug-03
RB Difference in mm (IR-blue)
Del
ft LA
GE
OS
CR
L LA
GE
OS
Zim
mer
wal
d 2
-Co
lor
An
alys
is
-40
-30
-20
-10010203040
02-Jul-03
09-Jul-03
16-Jul-03
23-Jul-03
30-Jul-03
06-Aug-03
13-Aug-03
20-Aug-03
27-Aug-03
RB Difference in mm (IR-blue)
CR
L LA
GE
OS
CR
L A
jisai
CR
L S
tarle
tte/S
tella
Zim
mer
wal
d 2-
Col
or R
B D
iffe
renc
es
Zim
mer
wal
d 2-
Col
or A
naly
sis
Zim
mer
wal
d 2
-Co
lor
An
alys
is (
po
st A
ug
4, 2
003)
Del
ft L
AG
EO
SC
RL
LA
GE
OS
CR
L S
tarl
ett
e
CR
L A
jisai
-20
-15
-10-505101520
IR-Blue(mm)
Poss
ible
Sou
rce
of D
iffe
renc
es
•R
efra
ctio
n A
lgor
ithm
•C
oM D
iffe
renc
es–
Det
ecto
rs (
CSP
AD
vs
PMT
)–
Dua
l Wav
elen
gths
–Si
gnal
Str
engt
h–
Scre
enin
g L
evel
s (2
.5 v
s 2.
0)–
Pola
riza
tion?
•Sy
stem
Cal
ibra
tion
–D
iffe
rent
SR
620
Cou
nter
line
ariti
es–
Sign
al S
tren
gth
–O
ptic
al P
ath
Dif
fere
nces
?