session 12 ic2011 faller-unger
TRANSCRIPT
LifeCycle Tower
Timber high-rise research project
George Faller and Martin Unger
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Why timber ? Why not timber ? Unlocking the potential for structural timber The LCT project – aims and characteristics Technical developments Fire safety design Why timber
LifeCycle Tower
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LifeCycle Tower
Why timber ?
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Timber as a structural materialDifficult to find a more traditional structural material than timber5-10% share of construction marketDecline in 20th century, replaced by concrete and steel
Sustainable solutions for buildingsTimber 100% renewableZero carbon emissions (carbon sink)Low embodied energySustainable in all phases of life cycle
LifeCycle Tower - Introduction
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LifeCycle Tower – the life cycle
manufacturing process
Cut raw material and processing, also for generating energy procurement
Transport and construction use
lifetime use, maintenance and
repair
demolition and disposalR e c y l i n g
source : institute for energy efficiency – lecture 11. timber construction forum
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LifeCycle Tower – construction comparison
Reinforced concrete Timber
crude oil [t] 2.040 t 470 t
GWP (100) 54.000 kg - 41.500 kg
Example:Grimme-School in Brakel[Source: TU Dresden – lecture 11. timber
construction forum – Prof. Haller]
negative emission - means that CO2 is saved and not released.
GWP (100)
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LifeCycle Tower
Why not timber ?
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LifeCycle Tower – negative perceptions
Discussion, arguments,…
Why not build more in timber?
Durability
FIRE
Infestation
Risk
Strength
Cost
Tradition
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Perceptions of timber
Historical perceptions persist Great Fire of London 1666, Chicago in 1871, .....
Limitations – 2nd rate structural material Code limitations on max height of timber buildings Timber associated with low rise Little knowledge of timber for more demanding structures
LifeCycle Tower – consequences
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LifeCycle Tower – Performance Based Design
“The building should be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable time,.... ...., as well as to allow fire fighters to operate.”
removed code imposed height limits for timber
construction
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project sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Traffic, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT)
within the ‘house of the future’ program
LifeCycle Tower – the Consortium
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a
commercial timber high-rise construction of 20 storeys in a
densely populated urban context at detail design level.
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LifeCycle Tower – sceptics
discussion: fire protection Vorarlberg Bregenz and ETH Zürich Prof. Fontana
discussion
Timber carries on burning after 90min
How could the timber buildings develop outside of the big cities?
Oxygen stream to the timber after the glazing
has broken
What happens to the holes and openings, when the next tenant moves in? Will the fire safety
measures still be effective?
Who takes responsibility for the approval on behalf of
the Authorities?
Defining of the objective of protection
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LifeCycle Tower – Fundamental research issue
equivalent level of safety – timber
compared with concrete or steel
Maximise the amount of off-site prefabricationMaximum flexibility of internal spacePromote sustainable design, minimise the carbon footprint no compromise on performance
objectives
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The LCT building design20-storey high building
Bottom 2 floors conventional constructionFootprint of 27m wide x 43m long
Building height 70m, 3.5m floor-to-floor
Use as offices, apartments or hotelStructural concept
Nucleus of solid load bearing CLT panelsSolid timber perimeter columns on 2.7m grid
Composite concrete-timber slab construction
Span 11.3m; nucleus to perimeter columns
LifeCycle Tower – building characteristics
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LifeCycle Tower – modular construction
Source : Renderings from creebyrhomberg
Prefabricationcores, ceiling and facades will be
delivered prefabricated
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LifeCycle Tower – the LCT-design
dynamic examinations of the bracing system
- according to ISO 6897- according to NBCC- significant: sense of comfort
in the hotel and living use
Internal solid timber core consist of vertically installed
gluelam beamsas overall stiffening system
Horizontal loads (wind) are transferred by continuous
concrete layer of the composite slabs into timber core
Vertical load transfer from slab elements via timber
façade columns and timber core
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LifeCycle Tower – the LCT-design
Construction steps: 1. Erection of gluelam core
elements (height approx. 30m)2. Installation of façade (twin)
columns for one level3. Build in timber-concrete
composite slab elements between core and columns
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3…
concrete ceiling (140mm)
gluelam beam (80 and 160mm)
timber column (240 x 500mm)
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LifeCycle Tower – the LCT-design
structural shell of the building
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LifeCycle Tower – the LCT-design
Source : Renderings from creebyrhomberg
interior design of the building
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LifeCycle Tower – the LCT-design
exposednormally 0,6-0,8mm/min
(according to type of timber and point of
action)
mass burning rateseparation
after the plasterboard burned
away, the mass burning rate is almost twice the normal rate, until the
charcoal layer is about 20mm
at first protecteddegree depends on
casing type
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LifeCycle Tower – core concept
concept –ground area
step – core
fire lift and 2 protected safety stair cases each
with pressurization and lobby, no combustible
surfaces
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LifeCycle Tower – concept (isolation)
Source : Lignum-documentation fire protection 9.1 fire break wall construction REI 90, SIA Lignum
In the Swiss fire protection regulations VKF casing with fire resistance capability is
called EI 30 (nbb) up to EI 90 (nbb)
European K2 90 is not regulated in the
EN 14135 fire protection casing
GL24h wooden plywood wall size
12 – 30 cm
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LifeCycle Tower – concept
concept –ground area
step – protected corridor
peripheral protected corridor, separated into 2 smoke compartments,
non-combustible surfaces
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LifeCycle Tower – concept
The timber beams for the composite slabs are
interrupted in the area of the necessary corridors, to create an installation zone with non-
combustible exterior walls.
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LifeCycle Tower – concept
step – use
Area of use and use units, wooden parts of
the load-bearing construction in timber visible and not isolated.
concept –ground area
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LifeCycle Tower – beam-development
Quelle :
oxygen stream caused by destroyed
facade
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LifeCycle Tower – building and use
Vertrieb- und Verwendung
Transport und Bauwerkserstellung Nutzung
Betrieb, Instandhaltung und
Instandsetzung
Source : Institut für Energieeffizienz – Vortrag 11. Holzbauforum
sale and usetransport and building
usein use, maintenance
and repair
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LifeCycle Tower – quality management
The Swiss regulate the QM over the Lignum code. Standard: Building with wood – quality safety and fire protection. For the research project a quality
management analog to the quality control at step 4 in the Lignum documentation fire protection is
intended. The quality management spans the design, prefabrication, montage and building phases as well as the organizational fire protection regulations in
later use. The quality characteristics are determined by the project design, production conditions and
conditions at site. Source : Lignum-documentation fire protection, - building with wood –quality safety and fire protection
example – quality management
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LifeCycle Tower – building site fire protection
danger• higher risk for fire• storage of combustible materials• visible timber framework
riskhighest risk for fire in the first step of the construction
measures• module-system, prefabrication• reduced individual work of tradesman• minimized storage• short building time• avoiding the visible timber framework
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LifeCycle Tower – Recyling
ceiling fire experiment according to EN 1365-2
Banana effect – peeling of the single layers of the gluelam beams did not occur during
fire test
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LifeCycle Tower – final words
Because… we wanted to be economical with
resources timber is CO2 neutral the modular building system is much
faster a high quality of elements could be
guaranteed through significant prefabrication
………..
Why?
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LifeCycle Tower
Martin UngerLeader Arup Fire Germany
Thanksfor your attention
George FallerLeader Arup Fire Europe
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