session 1: natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?
TRANSCRIPT
SESSION 1: STRENGTHENING BORDER BIOSECURITY
Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?
Kyla Finlay
biosecurity built on science
Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?
Alan Yen, Kyla Finlay, John Weiss (DEDJTR Vic), Alison Saunders (PHA), Alan Wain (BOM)
& James Walker (NAQS)
biosecurity built on science
What is the problem?Long distance natural (wind-assisted) dispersal of exotic pests and pathogens into Australia is a
very real and underestimated biosecurity risk
biosecurity built on science
H
Wet season northerlies
LL
High pressure ridge
Prevailing winds →
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it?
1. Review of long distance natural dispersal wind patterns – wind trajectory analysis, synoptic charts, collaboration with BOM
Monthly % of winds from Indonesia that crossed the Aust mainland 1994 -1998
D&E Jan 62%
C Dec 55%
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it?
2. Review Industry Biosecurity plans
Aims To determine extent of knowledge regarding long distance natural dispersal To review the pest and pathogens threat lists to determine if the present
risk assessment accurately reflects the risk posed by long distance natural dispersal -
biosecurity built on science
Common name Taxa Species EntryOverall
risk Distribution Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (African strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter africanus HIGH HIGH Africa
Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (American strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter
americanus HIGH HIGH Americas
Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (Asiatic strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus HIGH EXT Asia
Citrus stubborn disease BAC Spiroplasma citri MED HIGH US, Mediterranean
Citrus canker BAC Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri HIGH HIGH worldwide
Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) BAC Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca HIGH HIGH Central & South America
Mexican fruit fly DIPT Anastrepha ludens MEDHIGH Central
AmericaCarambola fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera carambolae HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaOriental fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera dorsalis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaFruit Fly DIPT Bactrocera kandiensis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaFruit Fly DIPT Bactrocera occipitalis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaNew Guinea fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera trivialis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaAsiatic/Asian citrus psyllid HEM Diaphorina citri HIGH EXT Asia
Glassy winged sharpshooter (GWSS) HEM Homalodisca coagulata MEDHIGH America, Pacific
Islands, Hawaii
African citrus psyllid HEM Trioza erytreae MED EXT Africa
Citrus fruit borer LEP Citripestis sagittiferella HIGHHIGH Western
Indonesia, Asia Bean thrips THYS Caliothrips fasciatus HIGH HIGH NZ
Florida flower thrips THYS Frankliniella bispinosa HIGHHIGH US, Central
America
Citrus leprosis VIR Citrus leprosis virus (Cilevirus) MED HIGH Central & South America
eg mandarin stem pitting, citrus tristeza VIRCitrus tristeza virus (Closterovirus) exotic strains (aphid vector)
HIGH HIGH worldwide
High priority citrus pests and pathogens
Distribution of D. citri (cabi.org)
biosecurity built on science
Potential wind-borne biosecurity risks for Citrus
Asiatic citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB – Asian Strain Fruit fly Citrus fruit borerBlack mildewCacao mealybug
GWSS?Oriental Fruit Fly
Bean thripsMexican Fruit Fly ?
African citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB- African StrainCitrus scale?
Asiatic citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB – Asian StrainFruit fly Citrus fruit borerMango mealybugFruit tree mealybug
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it?
3. Review of trapping techniques and surveillance strategies What is being done ? What traps are used? What is the most useful natural dispersal trap / surveillance
strategy for a specific pathway / pest / location and habitat?
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it?
4. Developing and testing a new passive wind suction trap
The “Zellot” Trap
biosecurity built on science
How will this research be delivered?
Field days and training case studies – potato, citrus and sugarcane
Publications / guidelines to biosecurity community outline more effective surveillance design and strategies
Workshops with industry On-ground field days Scientific publications – improved surveillance
design New passive trap
biosecurity built on science
Who will benefit from this research? Fed and state biosecurity agencies - NAQS, BV, TAS DPIWE
targeted and timely surveillance protocols proactive preparedness strategies
NAQS - implementation of improved surveillance strategies based on plant biosecurity risks rather than the animal risk zones.
PHA, SNPHS – Improved strategic capability through increased awareness of natural
dispersal pathways, opportunity to improve IBP (better risk assessment)
Horticulture Industry– increase the chance of early detection better use of limited resources Natural dispersal risk maps for Potato , Sugarcane, Citrus
biosecurity built on science
End-User Advocate’s Perspective
“This project will certainly better inform biosecurity planning and surveillance for our industries’ high priority pests that have wind dispersal as a significant pathway”.
”I also believe it may be possible to establish some general rules or models that can assist us in estimating the significance of the wind dispersal pathways for the myriad of the unknown pests we assess in biosecurity planning processes”.
“On the trap – I cant wait to see how this clever piece of engineering works out in the field, particularly in our more remote locations.”
biosecurity built on science
What’s next?
Field trials of the new passive trap
Rules for determining likelihood of wind dispersed pests
Processing bulk samples using next generation sequencing for
rapid DNA species identification
biosecurity built on science
Thank youFor more information, please email [email protected]
PBCRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme
Alison SaundersNational Manager Horticulture, PHA
Alan Yen – Project Leader, Entomologist Kyla Finlay - Research Entomologist John Weiss – Ecologist, Modeller Mark Blackett – Entomologist, Diagnostics
James Walker Plant Biosecurity Program Manager NAQS
Alan WainMeteorologist
Lionel HillEntomologist Les Zeller
Engineer