services semi..final

7/27/2019 Services Semi..Final

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INFORMATION ON

SERVICES

FIRE FIGHTING

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

INFORMATION ON SERVICES by-Rabi Narayan Mohanty Vijay Kumar Verma (M.Arch.-I)



Take any of these four things away

,and you willnot have a fire or the

fire will be extinguished

FIRE TYPES / FIRE TRIANGLE

FIRE FIGHTING



FIXED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS /

INSTALLATIONS

(a) Systems/Installations based on water:

(i) Hydrant Installations;

(ii) Automatic Sprinkler Installations;

(iii) Automatic Water Spray Installations;

(b) Systems/Installations based on foam:(c) Systems/Installations using CO2:

(i) Automatic CO2 installations (High Pressure )

(ii) Automatic CO2 installations (Low Pressure )

(e) Systems/Installations using dry powder:

(d) Systems/Installations based on clean gaseous

extinguishing agents:



Hydrant Systems can be of two types:

(a) External Hydrant System, where the hydrants

are installed in the open, like the city or town

water mains, or hydrantsystems installed in the

open areas in industrial or such other

occupancies;

(b) Internal Hydrant System, installed in buildings

or structures to be protected



AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Automatic sprinklers are devices for automatically

distributing water upon a fire in sufficient quantityto extinguish it completely or to prevent its

spread, by keeping the fire under control, by the

water discharged from the sprinklers.

Types of Sprinkler Systems:Wet - The pipes are permanently charged with

water and used for all locations except where

freezing temperatures are likely to occur or special

conditions exist.

Dry - The pipes are normally charged with air

under pressure.

Alternate - Can be arranged to be either wet or

dry depending uponambient temperature conditions.



FIRE SAFETY IN

BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES

Open SpacesTransformers

separate fire resisting room of 4h rating.

The entrance to the room shall be provided with the fire- resisting door of 2hour

Boiler rooms.

Boilers may be allowed in the basements away from escape routes.

fire resisting room of 4h fire resistanceCompartmentation

Helps in limitation to the damage of building and its contents

Service Ducts/Shafts.

Service ducts and shafts shall be enclosed by walls of 2 h and doors

of 2 h, fire rating

Glasses used in facade of high rise buildings

These shall have minimum of 1 hr fire resistanceRefuge Areas

For buildings more than 24m in height, refuge area of 15 sq.m or an area equivalent to 0.3 sq.m per

person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors, The refuge area shall be provided

on the periphery of the floor and open to air, at-least on one side, protected with suitable railings.



FIRE SAFETY IN

BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES

Vertical OpeningIn a building fire vertical openings like stairs and lift shafts acts as

flues or chimneys conveying flames, hot gases and smoke vertically

and serve as channels for easy spread to the upper levels. Hence,

the need for enclosure or protection of such vertical shafts to prevenet

fire spread to other areas and floors served by them.

Fire Control Room

For all buildings 15m in height and above, there shall be a control

room on the entrance floor of the building with communication system

(suitable public address system) to all floors and facilities for

receiving the message from different floors.

Helipad



RAGHUNATH MALL(HARIDWAR)

TOTAL SITE AREA-30509 SQ.M

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA –20540 SQ M

G+5 STRUCTURE

2 BASEMENT

RETAIL

FOOD PLAZA

CINEMA

HOTEL

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)



SITE PLAN

RAGHUNATH MALL(HARIDWAR)

SERVICES

RESIDENCY

MALL



EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING


COMPLEX WITH THE SURROUNDING





DESIGN PRINCIPLES

HARDSCAPE AROUND THE BUIDING TO

CARRY LOAD OF FIRE TRUCK AND SMOTH

MOVEMENT AROUND THE BUILDING





EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE

DIA-150MMALL AROUND THE BUILDING





EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE AND

EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT S

FIXED AT 60MT -60MT.

FIRE HYDRANDS




PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT

AT GROUND LEVEL




A

A

B

PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT

A

B




DESIGN PRINCIPLES INTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING

GROUND FLOOR PLAN




FIRE EXITS STAIRS AND STAIRS




COMPARTMENTATION




SPRINKLER BRANCHES FROM MAINS




SPRINKLERS LAYOUT




MULTIPLEX FLOOR PLAN





A

DETAIL (A) OF MULTIPLEX SPRINKLER SYSTEM




DETAIL OF TEST ASSEMBLY OF SPRINKLER LINE




DETAIL OF FIRE HOSE CABINET




DETAIL OF UGT AND PUMP ROOM



ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM•Electricity is generated in power generating stations.

•Situated near the natural sources of energy.

•Electricity transmitted in two stages:-

1. Transmission- transmission from generating station to sub station2. Distribution - distribution from sub station to consumers.

Distribution of power at 415/240 v is called secondary or low voltage distribution system.

Distribution of power at high voltage such as 11KV, 6.6KV or 3.3 KV is called primary or high voltage

distribution system.

.



BUSBARS AND LT PANELS

Point at which electrical power is available for transmission.

a bus bar is a thick strip of copper or aluminium that conducts electricity within

a switchboard, distribution board, substation or other electrical apparatus. Busbars areused to carry very large currents, or to distribute current to multiple devices within

switchgear or equipment.

High Voltage Switch Room — In case of substation having one transformer and one source

of supply, the owner is required to provide one high voltage switch. The floor area required

in case of a single switch is roughly 4 m x 4 m and for every additional switch the lengthwould be increased by 1 m.



ELECTRIC SUB- STATION



SITE PLAN SHOWING ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

MALL



ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

DG SETS TRANSFORMER LT PANEL




STAIRCASE

PASSENGERS LIFT

GOODS LIFT

DUMB WAITER LIFT

ESCALATORS

SPIRAL ESCALARATORS

TRAVELATOR

Sizes of the vertical circulation system depends on floor space available, the floor-to-

floor height, pedestrian movement volumes and patterns, and the groups of people who

will use the stair.



STAIRCASE

preliminary STAIRCASE configuration

Preliminary selection of stair configuration

depends on the floor space available, the floor-to-

floor height, pedestrian movement volumes and

patterns, and the groups of people who will use

the stair.

FOR COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES MINIMUM

WIDTH OF STAIR CASE IS 1500 MM RISER-150MM

TREAD-300MM



PASSENGERS LIFT

SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE

PERSONS KG A B C D E

1 4 373 1100 700 1900 1300 800

2 6 408 1100 1000 1900 1600 800

3 8 544 1300 1100 1900 1900 800

4 10 680 1350 1300 1900 2100 8005 13 884 2000 1100 2500 1900 900

6 16 1088 2000 1300 2500 2100 1000

7 20 1360 2000 1550 2500 2400 1000

8 5 340 1100 800 1900 1200 800



GOODS LIFT

SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE

KG A B C D E

1 500 1100 1200 1900 1500 1100

2 1000 1400 1800 2300 2100 1400

3 1500 1700 2000 2600 2300 1700

4 2000 1700 2500 2600 2800 1700

5 2500 2000 2500 2900 2800 2000

6 3000 2000 3000 2900 3300 2000

7 4000 2500 3000 3400 3300 2500

8 5000 2500 3600 3400 3900 2500



Number of Lifts and Capacity

It depends on

• Number of floors to be served by

the lift;

• Floor to floor distance;

• Population of each floor to be

served

• Maximum peak demand; this

demand maybe unidirectional,

as in up and down peak periods,

or a two-way traffic movement.

Speed

The following general

recommendations are

The handling capacity is calculated by the

Following formula: H =3OOXQX1OO

TxP

where

H = Handling capacity as the percentage of thepeak population handled during 5 min period,

Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car,

(depends on the dimensions of the car.)

T = Waiting interval in seconds, and

P = Total population to be handled during peak

morning period. (It is related to the area served

by a particular bank of lifts.)

Handling capacity of buildings



The waiting interval is calculated by

the following formula:

T = RIT

Nwhere

T = Waiting interval in seconds,

N = Number of lifts, and

R7T = Round trip time, that is, the

average time

required by each lift in taking onefull

load of passengers from ground

floor,

discharging them in various upper

floors

and coming back to ground floor fortaking

fresh passengers for the next trip,

• For buildings with more than 12 floors, it is

recommended to have provision of 1stretcher/

Service lift in addition to the passenger lifts.

• For buildings with more than 12 floors, where

passenger and service lifts are provided in one lobby

it is recommended to have group control for all the

lifts.



ESCALARATORS

an escalator is a moving staircase it is a conveyor

transport device for carrying people betweenfloors of a building.

the device consists of motor and linked step that

moves up and down on tracks allowing.

THE BENEFITS OF ESCALATORS :

they have the capacity to move large number of people.

they have no waiting interval (except during very heavy

traffic)

they can be used to guide people towards main exits or

special exhibits.

placed at an angle 30 and capacity 3000-4000 person per

hour



GOODS LIFT


PLAN SHOWING VERTICAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM(STAIRS,ESCALATORS,LIFTS)



SPIRAL ESCALATORS

Spiral escalators greatly increase the amount of

usable floor space.

It is an ideal solution for office buildings, malls,

hotels and galleries.

Stacking spiral escalators above each other in amultiple plan configuration creates a spectacular

atrium effect.

The elegantly functional layout not only enhances

a building’s architecture, it also guides visitorssmoothly into the building.



TRAVELATOR

travelator is a moving walkway that transports

people - the device is like a conveyor belt

moving walkway



PLUMBING



PlumbingPlumbing refers to a system of pipes

and fixtures installed in a building for

the distribution of potable water andthe removal of waterborne wastes

The plumbing system is really made

up of two systems:

• Supply system that brings in fresh

water, and• Drain-waste-vent system that takes

out used water and sewage.



SUPPLY SYSTEM• This systemdistributes waterunder pressure

throughout thestructure fordrinking, cooking,bathing, andlaundry.

•

Water supplysystems get waterFrom a variety of locations, these are

groundwater

(aquifers),

surface water(lakes and rivers),

Conservation

sea throughdesalination.



DWV (DRAINAGE, WASTE,AND VENTING) SYSTEM:

• This system carries

Away wastewater andsolid waste from bath-rooms, kitchens, andlaundries and is notunder pressure.

• Must be well vented

because it prevents backpressure and siphoning of water from traps.

• Drainage is the naturalor artificial removal of surface and sub-surface

water from an area.• Many building needsdrainage to manage watersupplies.

Sewage treatment process



Sewage treatment process



PLUMBING LEED POINTS

• The Water Efficiency

category of the LEED rating

system is the least emphasized,

with a potential of three LEED

points obtainable through

Innovative Waste Water

Technologies and Water Use

Reduction.

• The LEED® rating systemfor Water Use Reduction is

based on the U.S. Energy Policy

Act of 1992.

This Act set maximum

plumbing fixture flow rates.

1 US gallon = 3.79 liters.



HIGH-EFFICIENCY, WATER-SAVINGTOILETS

Toilets are often the source of the

most water use (and water wasting)

within a home, accounting for nearly30 percent of an average home’s

indoor water consumption.

Replace it with one of the following:

• High-efficiency (ULF) toilet

model that uses no more than 1.3 gpf.

• Dual-flush toilet, which has a

lower-flush button for liquid waste

and a higher-flush button for solid

waste; this type of toilet is common in

Australia, Europe and U.S.

•

Composting toilet, which uses littleto no water for flushing.

For commercial/office-building

bathrooms, install ultra-low-flush

(ULF) urinals in lieu of regular urinals.



ZERO FLUSH URINALS

Zero flush urinal saves an average

of 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters)

of fresh, potable water each year.That’s the equivalent of 3 large,

home swimming pools. Just one way

Zero flush helps us all conserve

fresh water resources for drinking

and other “healthy choice” uses.



SHOWERHEADS

• Showering accounts for up to 20percent of the average household’s

indoor water use.• You can cut your shower wateruse by as much as 70 percent by switching to an ultra-low-flow Showerhead.• High-efficiency / ultra-low-flow

showerhead that uses no more than2 gpm .

• Using ULF showerheads will alsosave money on energy bills, by reducing the demand of water heater



FAUCETS

High-efficiency faucets that have a

flow rate of no more than 1.5 gpm.

(the current EPA Water Sensestandard, as of 2010) and add a

water-saving aerator or flow

restrictor to the existing faucets

(an easy and inexpensive

modification).




Total built up area – 20540 SQM.

Hotel area -6834 SQM.

Number of rooms- 111

Number of users – 3900 per day

(Approx.)

Total water required per day

-2,20,000 liter.

Domestic water tank for hotel

Block - 30000 lit.

Flushing water tank for mall and

Multiplex capacity – 27500 lit.

Domestic water tank for Mall &

Multiplex cap.- 27500 lit.

Fire tank capacity- 20000 lit

Lower basement plan



A

B

Detail at BDetail at A

Ground floor planl



Detail at C

Detail at D

D

C

First floor plan Detail at EE



Detail at FF

Second floor plan



Detail at GG

Terrace floor plan Detail at H



H

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