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Relational Database Service

Service Overview

Issue 13

Date 2020-12-15

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Contents

1 What Is RDS?............................................................................................................................ 1

2 Basic Concepts.......................................................................................................................... 3

3 Advantages............................................................................................................................... 53.1 Easy Management.................................................................................................................................................................. 53.2 High Performance................................................................................................................................................................... 63.3 High Security.............................................................................................................................................................................63.4 High Reliability......................................................................................................................................................................... 73.5 Comparison Between RDS and Self-Built Databases..................................................................................................8

4 Product Series...........................................................................................................................94.1 DB Instance Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 94.2 Function Comparison...........................................................................................................................................................10

5 DB Instance Description.......................................................................................................135.1 DB Instance Types................................................................................................................................................................. 135.2 DB Instance Classes..............................................................................................................................................................145.3 DB Instance Storage Types................................................................................................................................................ 185.4 DB Engines and Versions.................................................................................................................................................... 195.5 DB Instance Statuses........................................................................................................................................................... 20

6 Typical Applications..............................................................................................................226.1 Read/Write Splitting.............................................................................................................................................................226.2 Diversified Data Storage.....................................................................................................................................................22

7 Constraints.............................................................................................................................. 247.1 MySQL Constraints............................................................................................................................................................... 247.2 PostgreSQL Constraints.......................................................................................................................................................277.3 Microsoft SQL Server Constraints....................................................................................................................................28

8 Billing....................................................................................................................................... 30

9 DB Engine................................................................................................................................ 329.1 Function Differences of RDS for SQL Server DB Instances.....................................................................................32

10 Related Services...................................................................................................................37

Relational Database ServiceService Overview Contents

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A Change History...................................................................................................................... 39

Relational Database ServiceService Overview Contents

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1 What Is RDS?

RDS is a cloud-based web service that is reliable, scalable, easy to manage, andimmediately ready for use. RDS supports the following DB engines:

● MySQL● PostgreSQL● Microsoft SQL Server

RDS provides a comprehensive performance monitoring system, multi-levelsecurity protection measures, and a professional database management platform,allowing you to easily set up and scale a relational database. On the RDS console,you can perform almost all necessary tasks and no programming is required. Theconsole simplifies operation procedures and reduces routine O&M workloads, sothat you can focus on your application and service development.

RDS for MySQLMySQL is one of the world's most popular open-source relational databases. Itworks with the Linux, Apache, and Perl/PHP/Python (LAMP) model to provideefficient web solutions. RDS for MySQL is reliable, secure, scalable, inexpensive,easy to manage, and immediately ready for use.

● It supports various web applications and is cost-effective, preferred by small-and medium-sized enterprises.

● A web-based console provides comprehensive monitoring information,making your operations easy and visual.

● You can flexibly adjust the required resources based on your servicerequirements and pay for only what you use.

For details about the versions supported by RDS for MySQL, see section DBEngines and Versions.

RDS for PostgreSQLPostgreSQL is an open-source object-relational database management systemwith an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. It is known as themost advanced open-source database. RDS for PostgreSQL applies to business-oriented online transaction processing (OLTP) scenarios and supports NoSQL(JSON, XML, or hstore) and geographic information system (GIS) data types. It has

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 1 What Is RDS?

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earned a reputation for reliability and data integrity, and applies to Internetwebsites, location-based applications, and complex data object processing.

● RDS for PostgreSQL supports the postgis plugin and provides excellent spatialperformance.

● RDS for PostgreSQL applies to various scenarios and is cost-effective. You canflexibly scale resources based on your service requirements and pay for onlywhat you use.

For details about the versions supported by RDS for PostgreSQL, see section DBEngines and Versions.

RDS for SQL ServerSQL Server is a well-established commercial database with a mature enterprise-class architecture. One-stop deployment simplifies key O&M services and greatlyreduces labor costs. With RDS for SQL Server, you can build a safe and stabledatabase operation environment according to Huawei international securitystandards. It is widely used in government, finance, medical care, education, andgaming.

RDS for SQL Server is reliable, scalable, inexpensive, easy to manage, andimmediately ready for use. RDS for SQL Server provides the HA architecture, datasecurity assurance, and backup mechanism for fault recovery within seconds.

For details about the versions supported by RDS for SQL Server, see DB Enginesand Versions.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 1 What Is RDS?


2 Basic Concepts

DB Instances

DB instances are the smallest management units used by RDS. Each is an isolateddatabase environment on the cloud. You can use RDS to create and manage DBinstances running various DB engines. For details about DB instance types,specifications, engines, versions, and statuses, see DB Instance Description.

DB Engines

RDS supports the following DB engines:

● MySQL

● PostgreSQL

● Microsoft SQL Server

For details about the supported versions, see DB Engines and Versions.

DB Instance Types

RDS DB instances are classified into the following types: single and primary/standby. Different series support different DB engines and instance specifications.

For details about the product series, see DB Instance Introduction and FunctionComparison.

DB Instance Classes

For details about supported DB engines and instance classes, including thenumber of vCPUs and memory (GB), see DB Instance Classes.

Automated Backups

When you create a DB instance, an automated backup policy is enabled bydefault. After the DB instance is created, you can modify the policy. RDS willautomatically create full backups for DB instances based on your settings.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 2 Basic Concepts


Manual Backups

Manual backups are user-initiated full backups of DB instances. They are retaineduntil you delete them manually.

Regions and AZs

A region and availability zone (AZ) identify the location of a data center. You cancreate resources in a specific region and AZ.

● Regions are divided from the dimensions of geographical location andnetwork latency. Public services, such as Elastic Cloud Server (ECS), ElasticVolume Service (EVS), Object Storage Service (OBS), Virtual Private Cloud(VPC), Elastic IP (EIP), and Image Management Service (IMS), are sharedwithin the same region. Regions are classified as universal regions anddedicated regions. A universal region provides universal cloud services forcommon tenants. A dedicated region provides services of the same type onlyor for specific tenants.

● An AZ contains one or multiple physical data centers. Each AZ hasindependent cooling, fire extinguishing, moisture-proof, and electricityfacilities. Within an AZ, computing, network, storage, and other resources arelogically divided into multiple clusters. AZs within a region are interconnectedusing high-speed optical fibers to allow you to build cross-AZ high-availabilitysystems.

Figure 2-1 shows the relationship between regions and AZs.

Figure 2-1 Regions and AZs

HUAWEI CLOUD provides services in many regions around the world. You canselect a region and AZ as needed. For more information, see HUAWEI CLOUDGlobal Regions.

Projects

Projects are used to group and isolate OpenStack resources (computing resources,storage resources, and network resources). A project can be a department or aproject team. Multiple projects can be created for one account.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 2 Basic Concepts


https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/global/

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3 Advantages

3.1 Easy Management

Instant AvailabilityYou can obtain a DB instance on the management console and access RDSthrough an ECS to reduce the application response time and save the traffic feesfor public access.

Elastic ScalingYou can flexibly adjust the required resources based on your service requirementsand pay for only what you use. Cloud Eye can monitor the changes of databasepressure and data storage space. You can adjust DB instance classes accordingly.

High CompatibilityOperation methods of the database engines (DB engines) provided by RDS are thesame as those of the native engines. It is also compatible with existing programsand tools.

Easy O&MRoutine RDS maintenance and management operations, including hardware andsoftware fault handling and database patch updates, are easy to perform. With aweb-based console, you can reboot DB instances, reset passwords, modifyparameters, view error or slow query logs, and restore data. Additionally, thesystem helps you monitor DB instances in real time and generates alarms if anerror occurs. You can check DB instance information at any time, including CPUusage, IOPS, database connections, and storage space usage.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 3 Advantages


3.2 High Performance

Optimized Performance

Combining its years of experience in database R&D, setup, and maintenance withthe cloud-based technology, HUAWEI CLOUD builds a database service that ishighly available, reliable, secure, scalable, instantly available, and easy to O&M.

Optimized Hardware

RDS offers users stable and high-performance database services using servers thathave been proven robust by customer success in a wide range of applications.

Optimized SQL Solutions

RDS can detect slowly-executed SQL statements. You can optimize the codesaccordingly.

High-Speed Access

RDS can work with ECSs in the same region to communicate with each otherthrough the intranet. This shortens the response time of applications and reducesthe cost incurred by public network traffic.

Performance White Paper● RDS for MySQL Performance White Paper

● RDS for PostgreSQL Performance White Paper

● RDS for SQL Server Performance White Paper

3.3 High Security

Network Isolation

RDS uses Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and network security groups to isolate andsecure your DB instances. VPCs allow you to define the IP address range that canaccess RDS. You can configure subnets and security groups to control access to DBinstances.

Access Control

RDS controls access through the account/IAM user and security groups. When youcreate an RDS DB instance, an account is automatically created. To separatepermissions, you can create IAM users and assign permissions to them as needed.VPC security groups have rules that govern both inbound and outbound traffic ofDB instances.



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Transmission EncryptionRDS uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to offerencryption during transmission. You can download the Certificate Agency (CA)certificate from the RDS console and upload it when connecting to a database forauthentication.

Storage EncryptionRDS uses static encryption and tablespace encryption to encrypt the data to bestored. Encryption keys are managed by Key Management Service (KMS).

Data DeletionWhen you delete an RDS DB instance, its attached disks, object storage space itsbackups occupy, and all data it stores will be deleted. The deleted data cannot beviewed or restored.

Anti-DDoSWhen you connect to an RDS DB instance through a public network, there may berisks of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. If the RDS security systemdetects a DDoS attack, it will enable the anti-DDoS function. If the functioncannot defend against the attack or the attack reaches the black hole threshold,black hole processing is triggered to ensure availability of the RDS service.

Security ProtectionRDS is protected by multiple layers of firewalls to defend against various maliciousattacks, such as DDoS attacks and SQL injections. For security reasons, you areadvised to access RDS through a private network.

3.4 High Reliability

Dual-Host Hot StandbyRDS uses the hot standby architecture, in which failover upon fault occurrencetakes only some seconds.

Data BackupRDS automatically backs up data every day and transfers backup files to ObjectStorage Service (OBS). The backup files can be stored for 732 days and can berestored with just a few clicks. You can set a custom backup policy and createmanual backups at any time.

Data RestorationYou can restore data from backups or to any point in time during the backupretention period. In most scenarios, you can use backup files to restore data to anexisting or a new DB instance at any time point within 732 days. After the data isverified, data can be migrated back to the primary DB instance.



3.5 Comparison Between RDS and Self-Built Databases

PerformanceItem Cloud Database RDS Self-Built Database Service

Serviceavailability

For details, see sectionElastic Cloud Service UserGuide.

Requires device procurement,primary/standby relationshipsetup, and RAID setup.

Datareliability

For more information, seethe Elastic Volume ServiceUser Guide.

Requires device procurement,primary/standby relationshipsetup, and RAID setup.

Systemsecurity

Defends against Anti-DDoSattacks and promptly repairsdatabase securityvulnerabilities.

Requires procurement ofexpensive devices and software,as well as manual detection andrepair of security vulnerabilities.

Databasebackup

Supports automatedbackups, manual backups,and custom backup retentionperiods.

Requires device procurement,setup, and maintenance.

Hardwareandsoftwareinvestment

Supports on-demand pricingand scaling without requiringhardware and softwareinvestment.

Requires large investment indatabase servers. The SQL Serverlicense must be paid forseparately.

Systemhosting

Not required. If a 2U server and primary/standby DB instances arerequired, you need to purchaseand set up two servers.

Maintenance cost

Not required. Requires large manpowerinvestment and professionaldatabase administrator (DBA) formaintenance.

Deploymentand scaling

Supports elastic scaling, fastupgrade, and on-demandenabling.

Requires procurement,deployment, and coordination ofhardware that matches originaldevices.

Resourceutilization

Bills users based on theresources actually used,resulting in 100% resourceutilization.

Considers peak traffic, resultingin low resource utilization.



4 Product Series

4.1 DB Instance IntroductionCurrently, RDS DB instances are classified into the following types:● Single● Primary/Standby● Cluster

Different series support different DB engines and instance specifications.

Table 4-1 DB instance types

DB InstanceType

Description Scenarios

Single Uses a single-node architecture.More cost-effective than themainstream primary/standby DBinstances.

● Personal learning● Microsites● Development and

testing environment ofsmall- and medium-sized enterprises

Primary/Standby Uses an HA architecture withone master node and one slavenode.

● Production databasesof large- and medium-sized enterprises

● Applications for theInternet, Internet ofThings (IoT), retail e-commerce sales,logistics, gaming, andother industries

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 4 Product Series


DB InstanceType

Description Scenarios

Cluster Uses the Microsoft Always Onarchitecture with one masternode, one slave node, and up tofive read-only nodes. It featureshigher availability, reliability, andscalability.

● Finance industry● Internet industry● Hotel industry● Online education

4.2 Function ComparisonSingle DB instances use the single-node architecture. In contrast to themainstream primary/standby DB instances, a single DB instance contains only onenode and has no slave node for fault recovery.

Advantage Comparison● Single DB instances: supports the creation of read replicas and supports the

queries of error logs and slow query logs. Different from primary/standby DBinstances that have two database nodes, a single DB instance has only onenode, reducing the price to half of primary/standby DB instances. If a nodefails, the restoration will take a long time. Therefore, single DB instances arenot recommended for sensitive services that have high requirements ondatabase availability.

● Primary/Standby DB instances: uses the slave database node only for failoverand restoration. The slave database node does not provide services. Theperformance of single DB instances is similar to or even higher than theprimary/standby DB instances.

● Cluster instances: uses the Microsoft Always On architecture with one masternode, one slave node, and up to five read-only nodes. It features higheravailability, reliability, and scalability.

Table 4-2 Function comparisons

DB Engine Single Primary/Standby Cluster

MySQL 8.05.75.6

8.05.75.6

Notsupported fornow




PostgreSQL Enhanced Edition12, which is availableonly for users with theopen beta test (OBT)permission. You cancontact customerservice to apply for thepermission.11109.69.5

Enhanced Edition12, which is availableonly for users with theopen beta test (OBT)permission. You cancontact customerservice to apply for thepermission.11109.69.5

Notsupported fornow

MicrosoftSQL Server

2017 Standard Edition2017 Web Edition2016 Enterprise Edition2016 Standard Edition2016 Web Edition2014 Standard Edition2014 Web Edition2014 Enterprise Edition2012 Standard Edition2012 Web Edition2012 Enterprise Edition2008 Standard Edition

2017 Standard Edition2016 Enterprise Edition2016 Standard Edition2014 Enterprise Edition2014 Standard Edition2012 Enterprise Edition2012 Standard Edition2008 Standard Edition

2017EnterpriseEdition

Number ofnodes

1 2 2

Specifications

vCPUs: a maximum of60Memory: a maximumof 512 GBStorage space: amaximum of 4 TB

vCPUs: a maximum of60Memory: a maximumof 512 GBStorage space: amaximum of 4 TB

vCPUs: amaximum of60Memory: amaximum of512 GBStoragespace: amaximum of4 TB

Monitoringand alarms

Supported Supported Supported

Securitygroup





Backups andrestorations


Parametersettings


SSL Supported Supported Supported

Logmanagement


Read replicas(need to becreated)


High-frequencymonitoring


Primary/standbyswitchoveror failover

Not supported Supported Supported

Standby DBinstancemigration

Not supported Supported Supported



5 DB Instance Description

5.1 DB Instance TypesDB instances are the smallest management units used by RDS. A DB instance is anisolated database environment on the cloud. A DB instance can contain multipleuser-created databases, and you can access it using the same tools andapplications that you use with a stand-alone DB instance. You can create andmodify DB instances using the management console or APIs. RDS does not havelimits on the number of running DB instances. Each DB instance has a DB instanceidentifier.

DB instances are classified into the following types.

Table 5-1 DB instance types

DB Instance Type Description

Single Uses a single-node architecture. More cost-effective than primary/standby DB instances.

Primary/Standby Uses an HA architecture with one master node andone slave node.

Read replica Uses a single-node architecture (without a standbynode).

Cluster Uses the Microsoft Always On architecture withone master node, one slave node, and up to fiveread-only nodes. It features higher availability,reliability, and scalability.

For RDS for SQL Server, only 2017 Enterprise Edition supports read replicas.

You can use RDS to create and manage DB instances running various DB engines.

For details about differences and function comparison between different instancetypes, see DB Instance Introduction and Function Comparison.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 5 DB Instance Description


5.2 DB Instance ClassesGeneral-enhanced and general-enhanced II instance classes provide robust andstable performance. They use latest-generation network acceleration engines andData Plane Development Kit (DPDK) to provide higher network performance,meeting requirements in different scenarios.

● General-enhanced DB instances use Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors andfeature high and stable computing performance. Working in high-performance networks, general-enhanced DB instances provide higherperformance and stability, meeting enterprise-class application requirements.

● General-enhanced II DB instances use second-generation Intel® Xeon®Scalable processors with technologies optimized and Huawei-developed 25GEhigh-speed intelligent NICs to offer powerful and stable computingperformance, including ultra-high network bandwidth and PPS.

Kunpeng general-enhanced DB instances use Kunpeng 920 processors and 25GEhigh-speed intelligent NICs to offer powerful computing and high-performancenetworks, meeting the requirements of governments and Internet enterprises forcost-effective, secure, reliable cloud services.

Table 5-2 DB instance classes

Instance Class vCPUs Memory(GB)

Supported DB Engine

General-enhancedNOTE

This instance class isbased on the x86architecture.

1 2 ● MySQL● PostgreSQL


1 8 MySQL

2 4 ● MySQL● PostgreSQL● Microsoft SQL Server

(only supported forStandard Editions of2012, 2014, and 2016,and 2012 Web Edition)




Supported DB Engine


(only supported forEnterprise Editions of2017, 2016, 2014,2012, and 2008 R2,and Standard Editionsof 2017, 2016, 2014,and 2012)


(only supported forEnterprise Editions of2017, 2016, 2014,2012, and 2008 R2,and Standard Editionsof 2017, 2016, 2014,and 2012)




8 16 ● MySQL● Microsoft SQL Server

(only supported forStandard Editions of2017, 2016, and 2014)






Supported DB Engine


(only supported forStandard Editions of2017, 2016, and 2014)



(only supported forStandard Editions of2017, 2016, 2014, and2012, and EnterpriseEditions of 2016, 2014,and 2012)

32 64 MySQL


(only supported forEnterprise Editions of2017, 2016, 2014, and2012)

32 256 ● Microsoft SQL Server(only supported forEnterprise Editions of2017, 2016, 2014, and2012)







Supported DB Engine



General-enhanced IINOTE

This instance class isbased on the x86architecture.

2 4 MySQL

2 8 MySQL

2 16 MySQL

4 8 MySQL

4 16 MySQL

4 32 MySQL

8 16 MySQL

8 32 MySQL

8 64 MySQL

16 32 MySQL

16 64 MySQL

16 128 MySQL

32 64 MySQL

32 128 MySQL

64 128 MySQL

64 256 MySQL

64 512 MySQL

Kunpeng general-enhancedNOTE

This instance class isbased on the Armarchitecture.








Supported DB Engine














The DB instance specifications vary according to site requirements.

5.3 DB Instance Storage TypesThe database system is generally an important system in the IT system and hashigh requirements on storage I/O performance. You can select a desired storagetype as required. You cannot change the storage type after the DB instance iscreated.



Table 5-3 Storage type

Storage Type Description

Ultra-high I/O The maximum throughput is 350 MB/s.

5.4 DB Engines and VersionsTable 5-4 lists the DB engines and versions supported by RDS.

For new applications, you are advised to use the latest major version of the DBengine, for example, MySQL 8.0. When you create a DB instance, you can select amajor DB engine version only (such as MySQL 8.0). The system will automaticallyselect an appropriate minor version (such as 8.0.17) for you. After the DB instanceis created, you can view the minor version in the DB Engine Version column onthe Instance Management page. The DB engine and version vary according tosite requirements.

Figure 5-1 DB engine version

Table 5-4 DB engines and versions

DB Engine Version

MySQL ● 8.0● 5.7● 5.6

PostgreSQL ● Enhanced Edition, also called PostgreSQL 1.0. Formore information, see Introduction to PostgreSQLEnhanced Edition.

● 12● 11● 10● 9.6● 9.5



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DB Engine Version

Microsoft SQL Server ● 2017 Enterprise Edition● 2017 Standard Edition● 2017 Web Edition, which supports single DB

instances only.● 2016 Enterprise Edition● 2016 Standard Edition● 2016 Web Edition, which supports single DB

instances only.● 2014 Enterprise Edition● 2014 Standard Edition● 2014 Web Edition, which supports single DB

instances only● 2012 Enterprise Edition● 2012 Standard Edition● 2012 Web Edition, which supports single DB

instances only● 2008 Standard Edition

5.5 DB Instance Statuses

DB Instance StatusesThe status of a DB instance indicates the health of the DB instance. You can usethe management console or API to view the status of a DB instance.

Table 5-5 DB instance statuses

Status Description

Available DB instance is available.

Abnormal DB instance is abnormal.

Creating DB instance or backup is being created.

Creation failed DB instance has failed to be created.

Available(synchronizingdata)

DB instance is being restored. The status is only for SQLServer read replicas and is displayed only on the console.

Switchover inprogress

Standby DB instance is being switched over to the primary DBinstance.



Status Description

Changing typeto primary/standby

Single DB instance is being changed to primary/standby DBinstances.

Rebooting DB instance is being rebooted.

Changing port DB instance port is being changed.

Changinginstance class

CPU or memory of a DB instance is being modified.

Scaling up Storage space of a DB instance is being scaled up.

Restoring DB instance is being restored from a backup.

Restore failed DB instance fails to be restored.

Frozen DB instance is frozen when your account balance is less thanor equal to $0 USD. Retained frozen DB instances areunfrozen only after your account is recharged and theoverdue payments are cleared.

Storage full Storage space of the DB instance is full. Data cannot bewritten to databases.

Deleted DB instance has been deleted and will not be displayed in theinstance list.

Upgradingminor version

DB instance minor version is being upgraded.

Upgrading DB engine version is being upgraded.

Migratingstandby DBinstance

MySQL standby DB instance is being migrated to an AZ in thesame region.

Pending reboot A modification to a database parameter is waiting for aninstance reboot before it can take effect.



6 Typical Applications

6.1 Read/Write SplittingMySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server 2017 Enterprise Edition DB instances supportread replicas to offload read traffic from primary DB instances.

Both primary DB instances and read replicas of RDS MySQL and PostgreSQLdatabases have independent connection addresses. A maximum of five readreplicas can be created for each primary MySQL or PostgreSQL DB instance. Fordetails about how to create a read replica, see Creating a Read Replica.

To improve the system processing capability, you can simply create read replicaswithout the need of changing your existing applications.

Figure 6-1 Read/Write splitting

6.2 Diversified Data StorageRDS supports diverse storage extension through Distributed Cache Service (DCS)for Memcached, DCS for Redis, and OBS.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 6 Typical Applications


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Figure 6-2 Diversified data storage

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 6 Typical Applications


7 Constraints

7.1 MySQL ConstraintsTable 7-1 shows the constraints designed to ensure the stability and security ofRDS for MySQL.

Table 7-1 Function constraints

Function Item Constraints

Database access ● If public accessibility is not enabled for the RDS DBinstance, the RDS DB instance must be in the sameVPC as the ECS.

● RDS read replicas must be created in the samesubnet as the primary DB instance.

● The security group must allow access from an ECS.By default, RDS cannot be accessed through an ECSin a different security group. You need to add aninbound rule to the RDS security group.

● The default RDS port is 3306. You can change it ifyou want to access RDS through another port.

Deployment ECSs in which DB instances are deployed are not visibleto users. You can access the DB instances only throughan IP address and a port number.

Database rootpermissions

Only the root user permissions are provided on theinstance creation page. For more information aboutroot permissions, see Table 7-2.

Database parametermodification

Most parameters can be modified on the RDS console.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 7 Constraints



Data import ● Through the command-line interface (CLI) orgraphical user interface (GUI)

● Through the DRS service● Through MySQL CLI toolsFor details, see Migrating MySQL Data Using DRS.

MySQL storage engine For details, see What Storage Engines Does the RDSfor MySQL Support?

Database replicationsetup

RDS for MySQL provides a dual-node cluster with theprimary/standby replication architecture. You do notneed to set up replication. The standby DB instance isnot visible to users and therefore you cannot access itdirectly.

DB instance reboot RDS DB instances cannot be rebooted throughcommands. They must be rebooted on the RDSconsole.

RDS backup files RDS backup files are stored in OBS buckets and are notvisible to users.

Table 7-2 Root user permissions

Permission Level Description Supported

Select Table Query permissions Supported

Insert Table Insert permissions

Update Table Update permissions

Delete Table Delete permissions

Create Database,table, orindex

Permissions of creatingdatabases, tables, or indexes

Drop Databaseor table

Permissions of deletingdatabases or tables

Reload Servermanagement

Permissions of running thefollowing commands: flush-hosts, flush-logs, flush-privileges, flush-status, flush-tables, flush-threads, refresh,and reload

Process Servermanagement

Permissions of viewingprocesses



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Grant Database,table, orstoredprogram

Permissions of granting accesscontrol

References Databaseor table

Foreign key operationpermissions

Index Table Index permissions

Alter Table Permissions of altering tables,such as adding fields or indexes

Show_db Servermanagement

Permissions of viewingdatabase connections

Create_tmp_table Servermanagement

Permissions of creatingtemporary tables

Lock_tables Servermanagement

Permissions of locking tables

Execute Storedprocedure

Permissions of executingstorage procedures

Repl_slave Servermanagement

Replication permissions

Repl_client Servermanagement

Replication permissions

Create_view View Permissions of creating views

Show_view View Permissions of viewing views

Create_routine Storedprocedure

Permissions of creating storageprocedures

Alter_routine Storedprocedure

Permissions of altering storageprocedures

Create_user Servermanagement

Permissions of creating users

Event Database Event triggers

Trigger Database Triggers




Super Servermanagement

Permissions of killing threads NotsupportedNOTE

For details,see WhyDoes theRoot UserNot Havethe SuperPermission?

File File on theserver

Permissions of accessing fileson database server nodes

Notsupported

Shutdown Servermanagement

Permissions of shutting downdatabases

Create_tablespace Servermanagement

Permissions of creatingtablespaces

7.2 PostgreSQL ConstraintsTable 7-3 shows the constraints designed to ensure the stability and security ofRDS for PostgreSQL.



Database access ● If public accessibility is not enabled for the RDSDB instance, the RDS DB instance must be in thesame VPC as the ECS.

● RDS read replicas must be created in the samesubnet as the primary DB instance.

● The security group must allow access from anECS.By default, RDS cannot be accessed through anECS in a different security group. You need toadd an inbound rule to the RDS security group.

● The default RDS port is 5432. You can change itif you want to access RDS through another port.

Deployment ECSs in which DB instances are deployed are notvisible to users. You can access the DB instancesonly through an IP address and a port number.










Database rootpermissions

Only the root user permissions are provided on theinstance creation page.NOTE

The root user has the following permissions: Create role,Create DB, and Replication.The administrator root does not support the superpermission. For details, see Why Does the Root User NotHave the Super Permission?

Database parametermodification

Most parameters can be modified on the RDSconsole.

Data import ● Through Data Replication Service (DRS)● Through the psql CLI toolsFor details, see Migrating PostgreSQL Data UsingDRS.

Database replicationsetup

RDS for PostgreSQL provides a dual-node clusterwith the primary/standby replication architecture.You do not need to set up replication. The standbyDB instance is not visible to users and therefore youcannot access it directly.

DB instance reboot DB instances cannot be rebooted throughcommands. They must be rebooted on the RDSconsole.

RDS backup files RDS backup files are stored in OBS buckets and arenot visible to users.

7.3 Microsoft SQL Server ConstraintsRDS for SQL Server only supports DB instances under the License Included modeland does not support "bring your own license" (BYOL). After a DB instance iscreated, it contains the Microsoft SQL Server software license.

Table 7-4 shows the constraints designed to ensure the stability and security ofRDS for SQL Server.

Microsoft SQL Server DB instances are classified into three types: single, primary/standby, and cluster. Different types support different functions. For details, seeFunction Comparison.


Function Item Single Primary/Standby Cluster

Maximum number ofdatabases

100 (can beincreased)









https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/productdesc-rds/rds_00_0011.html

Function Item Single Primary/Standby Cluster

Number of databaseaccounts

Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Creation of user,LOGIN, or database


Database-level DDLtrigger


Database permissionauthorization


KILL permission Supported Supported Supported

LinkServer Supported Supported Supported

Distributedtransaction


SQL Profiler Supported Supported Supported

Tuning Adviser Supported Supported Supported

Change Data Capture(CDC)


Change tracking Supported Supported Supported

Windows domainaccount login


Email Supported Supported Supported

SQL ServerIntegration Services(SSIS)

Not supported Not supported Not supported

SQL Server AnalysisServices (SSAS)


SQL Server ReportingServices (SSRS)


R Services Not supported Not supported Not supported

Common LanguageRuntime (CLR)

Support for SAFEmode

SAFE supported SAFEsupported

Asynchronouscommunication


Replicationsubscription


Policy management Not supported Not supported Not supported



8 Billing

HUAWEI CLOUD RDS allows you to pay only for what you use. There is nominimum fee.

Currently, RDS DB instances in a Dedicated Computing Cluster (DCC) supports thepay-per-use and yearly/monthly billing modes.

Billing Items

HUAWEI CLOUD RDS charges you for your DB instances, database storage, andbackup storage (optional).

Table 8-1 RDS billing items

Billing Item Description

Instance class DB instance class (CPU and memory) is billed on the pay-per-use basis.

Databasestorage

Storage capacity that you have provisioned to your DBinstance is billed on the pay-per-use basis.

Backup storage(optional)

RDS provides backup storage up to 100% of your provisioneddatabase storage at no additional charge. If the backupstorage usage exceeds 100% of your provisioned databasestorage, tiered pricing starts.

Public networktraffic

RDS DB instances are accessible from both private and publicnetworks. Only the traffic from public networks is billed.

For pricing details, see Product Pricing Details. You can use the price calculator toestimate the cost for your RDS usage.

Billing Modes

Pay-per-use (hourly): You can pay only for the resources you actually consume.Partial hours are billed as full hours.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 8 Billing


https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/pricing/index.html?tab=detail#/rds

Specification Changes● Modifying RDS DB instance specifications: You can modify RDS DB instance

specifications based on service requirements. After the modification, you arecharged based on the new instance specifications.

● Scaling up storage space: You can scale up storage space based on servicerequirements. After scaling the storage space, you are charged based on thenew storage space. Storage space can only be scaled up, not down. Theminimum increment for each scaling is 10 GB.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 8 Billing


9 DB Engine

9.1 Function Differences of RDS for SQL Server DBInstances

This section describes function differences between single and primary/standby DBinstances as well as function differences among Microsoft SQL Server editions.

● For details about differences of basic functions, see Table 9-1.● For details about differences of product functions, see DB instance types.● For details about differences of database migration functions, see Table 9-2.● For details about differences of database security functions, see Table 9-3.

Table 9-1 Differences of basic functions

Module Function Item Primary/Standby Single

Life cycle Create a DBinstance

Supported Supported

Reboot a DBinstance

Supported Supported

Auto-renewal Supported Supported

Change the billingmode

Supported Supported

Change theinstance class

Supported Supported

Delete a DBinstance

Supported Supported

Upgrade the DBengine version

Supported Supported

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 9 DB Engine


https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/productdesc-rds/rds_01_0010.html


Restore to a newDB instance

Supported Supported

Create a readreplica

Supported (for2017 EE only)

Not supported

DB instanceproperties

View the DBinstance list

Supported Supported

View DB instancedetails

Supported Supported

Modify the DBinstancedescription

Supported Supported

Change themaintenancewindow

Supported Supported

Manage tags Supported Supported

Manage AZs Not supported Not supported

Databaseconnection

Internal accessthrough a VPC

Supported Supported

Public accessibility Supported Supported

Read/write splittingaddress

Not supported Not supported

Serviceavailability

Disaster recovery inan AZ

Supported Supported

Disaster recovery inthe same city

Supported Not supported

Remote disasterrecovery


Disaster recoverydrill


Backups andrestorations

Full backup Supported Supported

Log backup Supported Supported

Customize abackup policy

Supported Supported

Restore fromautomated backups

Supported Supported

Point in timerecovery

Supported Supported




Partial backup Supported Supported

Partial restore Supported Supported

Monitoringand alarms

Resourcemonitoring

Supported Supported

DB enginemonitoring


Customizemonitoring policies

Supported Supported

Aggregatemonitoring items

Supported Supported

Parametermanagement

Parameter update Supported Supported

Parametertemplate

Supported Supported

Logmanagement

Error logs Supported Supported

System runninglogs

Supported Supported

Table 9-2 Differences of database migration

Function Item Primary/Standby Single

Homogeneousdata migration

Supported Supported

Heterogeneousdata migration


Datasynchronization

Supported Supported

Table 9-3 Differences of database security


IP addresswhitelist


Managementaudit

Supported Supported

Storageencryption

Supported Supported




Networkencryption

Supported Supported

Security groupmanagement

Supported Supported

TransparentData Encryption(TDE)encryption

Supported (Enterprise Edition) Supported (EnterpriseEdition)

Table 9-4 lists the major differences of the official Microsoft SQL Server editions.

For more information about function differences among Microsoft SQL Server2016 official editions, see official documents.

Table 9-4 Differences of Microsoft SQL Server editions

Function Item Web Edition Standard Edition EnterpriseEdition

Instance class 16 vCPUs | 64GB

16 vCPUs | 128 GB(Microsoft SQL Server2012 and 2014)24 vCPUs | 128 GB(Microsoft SQL Server2016 and 2017)

60 vCPUs | 512GB

High availability Not supported Mirror HA ● MicrosoftSQLServer2012(Mirror)

● MicrosoftSQLServer2014(Mirror)

● MicrosoftSQLServer2016(Mirror)

● MicrosoftSQLServer2017(AlwaysOn)

Data compression Supported Supported Supported

SQL Profiler Supported Supported Supported



https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/editions-and-components-of-sql-server-2016?view=sql-server-2017

Function Item Web Edition Standard Edition EnterpriseEdition

Column index Not supported Supported Supported

Table/indexpartitioning

Supported ● Microsoft SQL Server2014

● Microsoft SQL Server2016


● Not supported forMicrosoft SQL Server2008

Supported

Change DataCapture (CDC)

Not supported ● Microsoft SQL Server2016


Supported

Online DDL Not supported Not supported Supported

Parallel searches Not supported Not supported Supported

Adjustment ofpartitioned tableparallelism

Not supported Not supported Supported

TDE Not supported Not supported Supported

Advanced Rintegration

Not supported Not supported Supported



10 Related Services

The following figure shows the relationship between RDS and other services.

Figure 10-1 Relationship between RDS and other services

Table 10-1 Related services

Service Name Description

Elastic CloudService (ECS)

Enables you to access RDS DB instances through an ECS toreduce application response time and public network trafficfees.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 10 Related Services


Service Name Description

Virtual PrivateCloud (VPC)

Isolates your networks and controls access to your RDS DBinstances.

Object StorageService (OBS)

Stores automated and manual backups of your RDS DBinstances.

Cloud Eye Acts as an open monitoring platform that monitors RDSresources in real time. It reports alarms and issues warningspromptly to ensure that services are running properly.

Cloud TraceService (CTS)

Provides records of operations on cloud service resources,enabling you to query, audit, and backtrack operations.

Data ReplicationService (DRS)

Smoothly migrates databases to the cloud.

Data AdminService (DAS)

Provides a visualized GUI interface for you to connect andmanage cloud databases.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview 10 Related Services


A Change History

Released On Description

2020-12-15 This issue is the thirteenth officialrelease, which incorporates thefollowing change:Added the kernel version updates forMySQL 8.0, MySQL 5.7, and MySQL5.6.

2020-11-16 This issue is the twelfth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Added the status "Available(synchronizing data)" to Microsoft SQLServer read replicas.

2020-04-30 This issue is the eleventh officialrelease, which incorporates thefollowing change:Added SQL Server cluster edition.

2020-03-06 This issue is the tenth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Supported PostgreSQL 12.

2019-12-15 This issue is the ninth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Added the change history from2019-10-15 to 2019-12-15 for MySQLkernel version description.

Relational Database ServiceService Overview A Change History



2019-10-31 This issue is the eighth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Added section DB Instance StorageTypes.

2019-10-12 This issue is the seventh officialrelease, which incorporates thefollowing change:Added section RDS for MySQL VersionDescription.

2019-09-12 This issue is the sixth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Supported Kunpeng generalcomputing-plus DB instancespecifications.Supported General-enhanced II DBinstance specifications.Supported MySQL 8.0.Supported Microsoft SQL Server 2017Standard Edition and 2017 WebEdition.

2019-01-08 This issue is the fifth official release,which incorporates the followingchanges:SQL Server 2012 is added.

2018-06-30 This issue is the fourth official release,which incorporates the followingchange:Added descriptions of RDS DB engines.

2018-06-15 This issue is the third official release,which incorporates the followingchanges:● Increased the backup retention

period to 732 days.● Supported 1 vCPU | 2 GB and 1

vCPU | 4 GB instance classes forPostgreSQL DB instances.




2018-06-01 This issue is the second official release,which incorporates the followingchanges:● Supported DSS.● Supported a maximum of 4,000 GB

of storage space when you createor scale up a DB instance.

● Supported creating yearly/monthlyDB instances in batches.

● Supported PostgreSQL 10.● Supported Microsoft SQL Server

2008 R2 SP3 Enterprise Edition.

2018-05-04 This issue is the first official release.



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