service delivery 4 environmental considerations aim to make students aware of the appropriate...
TRANSCRIPT
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Service Delivery 4
Environmental Considerations
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Aim
To make students aware of the appropriate actions to take in order to minimise damage to the environment
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Learning Outcomes
• State the statutory duties the Fire Service has regarding the environment
• List the various measures which can be used to control pollution.
At the end of the session students will be able to:
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The legal position
• Water Resources Act 1991, Section 85
• Makes it an offence to cause or knowingly permit any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter to enter any controlled waters.
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The legal position
• Removes the offence under section 85
• Where the entry or discharge is made in an emergency in order to avoid danger to life or health
• All reasonable steps must be taken to minimise the extent and effect.
Section 89(1) Water Resources Act 1991;
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Environment Agency
• Responsible for the protection of “controlled waters” from pollution
• Also responsible for the prevention of pollution of the environment and harm to human health by waste management activities.
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Spillages.
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Spillages
• Drums
• Bulk containers
• Tankers.
Vary from small fuel spillages following an RTA to major incidents involving the loss of potentially polluting materials from;
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Effects
• Closure of river intakes
• Damage to fisheries
• Damage to river ecosystems
• Disruption of recreational and other river uses
• Cost of cleaning up
• Long term effects.
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Contain or dilute
• Environment Agency would prefer all spillages to be contained
• Actions to preserve life and health must take precedence and containment may not be possible in these circumstances
• Low hazard products such as milk, beer, detergents, paint, etc. should also be contained.
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Contain or dilute
• It is important that the Environment Agency is notified ASAP of any spillage in order to provide advice and take action
• If dilution is required or pollution is unavoidable there may still be actions that can be taken downstream to mitigate the effects.
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Containment methods
• Prompt action can prevent or reduce the effects of a spillage
• Inappropriate action may cause or worsen the effects.
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Containment methods
• At the scene
• Within the drainage system
• In the watercourse.
Containment may be;
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Pollution control devices
• Oil separators
• Penstocks
• Catchpits
• Lagoons.
May be installed as part of the highway drainage system and at industrial premises;
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Pollution control devices
• Pollution chambers are located at the side of several major roads throughout the Brigade area
• Essential that any hazardous materials entering these chambers are quickly removed to prevent contamination of drinking water sources.
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Pollution control devices
• When shut off valves, penstocks or other means are used to isolate the system the drainage system upstream must have the capacity to contain any spillage
• Whenever a system is shut down care must be taken during periods of rain to avoid flooding.
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Pollution control devices
• Whenever hazardous materials enter these devices an urgent message should be sent to Brigade Control to obtain the services of Liquid Waste Disposal.
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Equipment and materials
There are many types of portable equipment and materials for removing and containing pollution;
• Sand and sand bags
May be used to soak up spillages or channel substances to a collection point.
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Equipment and materials
• Booms
Designed for use on watercourses, may be used to divert flows and isolate drains.
• Proprietary absorbents Used on hydrocarbon spills, take the
form of granules, sheets, pillows or loose powders
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Equipment and materials
• Surface drain seals Seals drain by covering the surface of
the drainage gully, may be improvised by using a car footwell mat.
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Equipment and materials
• Below ground drain seals
The Vetter equipment can be used to seal a pipe or gully, any contaminants can then be pumped out using the drain as a sump.
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Equipment and materials
• Designed for use when a tank, storage drum or valve is punctured or damaged
• Takes the form of a pad and clamp
• Applied over the damaged area and inflated.
Vetter leak sealing devices;
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Equipment and materials
• Many substances can be safely neutralised once contained, for example Soda Ash may be used on acid spillages
• This will require specialist advice to determine the amount required.
Neutralising agents
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Improvised equipment
• Salvage sheets and wooden planks to produce a temporary boom in a river or stream
• Fire hoses to form a boom on the highway.
It may be possible to improvise pollution control equipment, some examples include;
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Improvised equipment
• Use of shovels to spread earth on small spillages or construct a dam.
• Straw bales to form a boom and absorbent
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Highway plans
• Vital that the watercourse or soakaway that affected highways drain to can be quickly identified
• Plans should identify catchment areas and recommended methods of control
• Highway maintenance organisations able to supply plans quickly and provide advice.
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Fires
• Products of combustion
• Materials being transported or stored
• Firefighting foam (if used).
The run-off from fires can be highly polluting and will contain;
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Fires
• The Environment Agency may seek containment of the run-off from smaller fires, such as vehicles
• In some cases it may be considered less harmful to allow a controlled burn than the effects of the contaminated run-off.
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Fires
• The options of containment or a controlled burn may not be viable at a building fire
• Although the Environment Agency may recommend a controlled burn the final decision and responsibility will rest with the Fire Service.
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Fires
• Airborne contaminants and smoke may also be a factor, this will require plume prediction and possible evacuation downwind
• Plume prediction will be carried out by the chemical officer in Brigade Control using all the available information (weather, wind speed, etc)
• Any evacuation will be the responsibility of the Police.
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Waste disposal
• Normally the Environment Agency will expect the polluter, highway maintenance or owner to carry out the clean up using licensed contractors
• Under no circumstances should hazardous materials be removed from the site by Fire Service personnel.
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Highway cleaning
• There may be a need to remove hazardous materials from the road surface to make it safe for other users
• Pollution may occur if detergents are used and the emulsified liquid is allowed to enter the drainage system.
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Highway cleaning
• Soak up all the liquid using absorbents not forgetting to seal drains and gullies to prevent liquid or absorbents entering the drains
• Any valves or penstocks should be closed and pollution chambers pumped out afterwards.
If this method is used then either;
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Vehicle recovery
• Fire Service crews may be called on to assist or standby during recovery operations
• Care must be taken to ensure no further spillage or rupture of tanks takes place
• A hazard evaluation and risk assessment must be carried out to ensure a safe system of work.
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Decontamination
• Ideally all contamination or decontamination run-off should be contained
• Not always be practical and life saving measures must take precedence
• However, all reasonably practical steps must be taken to contain contaminants.
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Decontamination
• Current practice of 2000:1 dilution factor will be acceptable in most cases
• Some chemicals which can still cause problems even at this dilution
• Environment Agency should be notified as soon possible whenever decontamination takes place.
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Confirmation
Learning Outcomes
• State the statutory duties the Fire Service has regarding the environment
• List the various measures which can be used to control pollution.
Assessments will be based on this lesson and the corresponding study note
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THE END