serpentinegallery

Structural Systems Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMSlecture

Art Pavilions in Public Parks

SERPENTINE GALLERY ART PAVILIONS, LONDON, 2000-12

[email protected]


keyword: ART PAVILIONS IN PUBLIC PARKS

1811-17: Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (Sir John Soane) 1897-98: Secession Building, Vienna (Joseph Maria Olbrich)

1908-09: Jakopič Pavilion, Ljubljana (Maks Fabiani)1895-1995: Bienalle National Pavilions, Venice

2000-12: Serpentine Gallery Pavilions, London

2007, 2009, 2011, 2013: Trimo Urban Crash Competition, Ljubljana

https://museuminsider.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/dulwich-picture-gallery.jpg

first public art gallery;symmetrical ground floor plan;

façade without windows;the sky lights illuminate the paintings indirectly;

http://dulwichgalleryfriends.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/quiz-plan-soane.jpg

London, 1811-17:John Soane:

Dulwich Picture Galleryground floor plan


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secession_Vienna_June_2006_017.jpg

public art gallery for Secession artists;symmetrical ground floor plan;

pure geometric forms;linear façade ornament;

gold and white;

Latham, I., (1980): Joseph Maria Olbrich. Academy Editions, London: str 25.

Vienna, 1897-98:Joseph Maria Olbrich:

Secession Buildingground floor plan


Plestenjak, B., (2003): Vsi Jakopičevi ateljeji. V: Art.si, jun 03: str.: 12.

first public art gallery in Ljubljana (now destroyed);façade without windows;

the sky lights illuminate the paintings indirectly; linear façade ornament;

Kos, J., (1993): Umetniški paviljon Riharda Jakopiča. V: Rihard Jakopič: To sem jaz, umetnik..., Knjižnica Narodne galerije, Ljubljana, str.: 94.

Ljubljana, 1908-09:Maks Fabiani:

Jakopič Pavilionstudy of the entrance façade


Kos, J., (1993): Umetniški paviljon Riharda Jakopiča. V: Rihard Jakopič: To sem jaz, umetnik..., Knjižnica Narodne galerije, Ljubljana, str.: 98.

symmetrical ground floor plan;pure geometric forms;

Kurent, T., Marinko, J., (1985): Prostorske proporcije v Fabianijevi ljubljanski arhitekturi. V: Zbornik ljubljanske šole za arhitekturo

Ljubljana, 1908-09:Maks Fabiani:

Jakopič Pavilionground floor plan, entrance façade, cross section, plan


foto: L.S.

Venice, 1955-56:Alvar Aalto:

Finland Pavilionprefabricated wood from Finnland;

http://www.artinfo.com/media/image/24458/giardini_map.gif

Venice 1895-1995:

Giardini: National Pavilionsplan


foto: L.S.

Sverre Fehn:Nordic Pavilion

concrete; trees;

foto: L.S.

Venice, 1962:Sverre Fehn:

Nordic Pavilionconcrete;

trees;



keyword: SERPENTINE GALLERY

1934: Tea Pavilion near Serpentine Lake, Kensington Gardens - (Hyde Park) London

1970: Serpentine Pavilion Gallery, notable international modern and contemporary artists:

Henry Moore, Andy Warhol, Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons, …

2000: First Temporary Summer Art Pavilion


SERPENITE SUMMER ART PAVILIONS

architecture and structure:2000 - 2011

Temporary structures that are erected next to the Gallery itself for a three-month period; a maximum of six months from invitation to the architect to finnish the construction.

Zaha Hadid 2000, Daniel Libeskind 2001, Toyo Ito 2002, Oscar Niemeyer 2003, MVRDV 2004*, Álvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura 2005, Rem Koolhaas 2006, Frei Otto 2007*,

Olafur Eliasson and Kjetil Thorsen 2007, Frank Gehry 2008, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA 2009, Jean Nouvel 2010, Peter Zumthor 2011, …

… and biro Arup: Cecil Balmond

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/NorthFace.jpg

architectural idea:similar to other works of choosen architect ;

functuion of architecture: exhibitions, lectures, film screenings, talks, the BBC proms and café;

no doors and no windows, ..; up to 250,000 visitors each summer

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Aerial-365.jpg

the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion commission is an ongoing programme of temporary structures

by internationally acclaimed architects and designers. The series is unique worldwide and presents the work of

an international architect or design team who has not completed a building in England at the time of the Gallery’s invitation.


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/hadid.jpg

the 30th anniversary of the gallery temporary summer pavilion;structure made with steel columns;

textile fabric;triangular surface

Eliasson, O., Thorsen, K., 2007: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2007. Serpentine Gallery in Lars Müller Publishers, London in Baden, str.: 8

London, 2000:Zaha Hadid:

Serpentine Pavilion 2000 architectural idea: tent


http://zahahadid.vm.bytemark.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/serpentine_hb_4.JPG

Zaha Hadid, 2000:straight forms, but interweaved;

the illusion of solidity;different interior space

http://zahahadid.vm.bytemark.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/serpentine_hb_7.JPG

Zaha Hadid: Serpentine Pavilion 2000

ground floor 25×25 m; 600 m2 - seats for 400 visitors;


http://www.cork2005.ie/programme/strands/architecture/images/EighteenTurns2.jpg

flexible and dynamic form; structure as 18th surfaces - origami;

Eliasson, O., Thorsen, K., 2007: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2007. Serpentine Gallery in Lars MüllerPublishers, London in Baden, str.: 8

London, 2001:Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

architectural idea: origami - “Eighteen Turns”


http://www.arcspace.com/kk_ann/2001_11/12.Libeskind.jpg

construction dates:21.5.2001 – wooden floors,

4.6.2001 – aluminum panels,9.6.2001 – build pavilion;

http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/02/0207_balmond/image/24.jpg

Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

model of 18th turns;length 35 m, width 18 m, high 7 m;


http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/arts/gallery/2008/mar/26/architecture.art/[email protected]

explicit un-orthogonal form;architecture = structure;re-built in Cork, Ireland

http://www.linternaute.com/savoir/magazine/photo/les-pavillons-de-la-serpentine-gallery/image/8-pavillon-2001-savoir-magazine-252462.jpg

Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

structure made of ribbed Aluminum elements;1 mm thin Aluminum surface;

Al from Norway


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/toyoito.jpg

three-dimensional façade without columns;geometry of the façade: algorithm of spin of square;

openings empty - full;


London, 2002:Toyo Ito and Arup:

Serpentine Pavilion 2002 architectural idea: structure without columns



diagonal columns and roof beams 5-10 tons;ply-wood floor;

made in factory and composed in building site; joints: screw and weld construction;


Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

typology of a box, high = 5.3 m; walls 20 m × 4.5 m;

4 entrances;



profile: 12-50 mm, high 55 cm; 380 plates made by Al and glass;

painted in white, 3D wall;

protection from overheated: ventilation


Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

steel structure:


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/niemeyer2.jpg

differently, emptinesscantilever platform;

tent roof;

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/High%20res%20Pavilion%20frontage.jpg

London, 2003:Oscar Niemeyer:

Serpentine Pavilion 2003 architectural idea: tent and cantilever


http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/arts/gallery/2008/mar/26/architecture.art/NEWCNV00013-2496.jpg

structure made by concrete and steel;beauty instead structure logic;

white structure – red accent – yellow furniture;

http://artnews.org/files/0000013000/0000012925.jpg

Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

float pavilion: 1 m above the grass;small building, small interior;


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/niemeyer2.jpg

window – enlargement of the interior space; sensual and sculptural;

straight lines separates architecture from nature.

http://www.arcspace.com/architects/Niemeyer/serpentine_gallery/Neimeier-Photo-3.jpg

Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003 idea of Niemeyer‘s architectural opus:

use of concrete, some foundations and supports, and bearers


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/hadid.jpg

high 18 meters;without realization.


London, 2004:MVRDV:

Serpentine Pavilion 2004architectural idea: hill in the park façade – view – cross section;


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/alvarosiza.jpg

contemporary design and traditional structure;


London, 2005:Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura,

Cecil Balmond - Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2005

architectural idea: animal skeleton in wood



roof without columns in-between;22 m × 17m - 380 m2: the biggest pavilion since Hadid 2000;

high 5,4 meters;427 wood beams - span 17 m;

structural grid made of glued wood;


Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura,Cecil Balmond - Arup:

Serpentine Pavilion 2005 rectangular ground floor;



timber beam: glued wood (Finland pine);each peace of wood is different in form: length and position;

248 roof panels of polycarbonate are different: 5 mm thin, automatically solar-powered light in the center of each panel;

like a dinosaur in the park.


Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura,Cecil Balmond - Arup:

Serpentine Pavilion 2005


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/JO8_fl.jpg

dome – big space egg; glowing at night;

translucent pavilion


London, 2006:Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup:

Serpentine Pavilion 2006 architectural idea: dome



dome – fill with He 6000 m3; double wall, made of polycarbonate panels:

distance 1.6 m, high 6 m; 300 visitorsdome made of translucent polyester with PVC top coat;

interior side is finished with translucent foil;interior seems larger;


Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006

diameter 21 m, high from 20 m to 24 m;



raise and lower the dome;nice weather = high dome;low pressure = low dome;

dome fixed on the floor with 4 electric winches;


Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006

light structure;


construction of the pavilion delayed;never realized idea.

London, 2007:Frei Otto:

Serpentine Pavilion 2007

??


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/1373_LH_007-email365.jpg

three identical lilas – each stand on one column;textile over steel structure;

high 5.5 m.

http://www.shuunya.net/images/buildings/ZahaHadidPavillion/Zaha-Hadid-0012.jpg

London, 2007:Zaha Hadid Architects:

Serpentine Pre-pavilion 2007architectural idea: lilas


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/pavilion_night_time.jpg

cantilever footpath;view across the park at the top of the pavilion;


London, 2007:Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen:

Serpentine Pavilion 2007architectural idea: high – third dimension



steel structure, fill with plywood panels; roof opening;


Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen: Serpentine Pavilion 2007



amphitheater: concerts and lectures;


Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen: Serpentine Pavilion 2007

wooden slope outside pavilion;


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Gehry-Serpentine-2814.jpg

structure: 4 massive steel columns;hidden behind wood;

timber beams;

http://www.archidose.org/Jul08/28/dose-image01.html

London, 2008:Frank Gehry:

Serpentine Pavilion 2008architectural idea: catapult by Leonardo da Vinci



secondary roof structure: timber small beams;glass panels;

roof structure put together on floor;


Frank Gehry: Serpentine Pavilion 2008


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Gehry-Serpentine-2822.jpg

multidimensional space of amphitheater - promenade;acoustic, lightning, fire safety, …


Frank Gehry: Serpentine Pavilion 2008


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/SerpentineGalleryPavilion_SANAA1_HiRes.jpg

aluminum between the trees;columns as thin as possible;simple surface connections; without details and endings;

R. Gregory, Serpentine Pavilion. V: The Architectural Review, št. 1350, str. 82, 2009.

London, 2009:Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA:

Serpentine Pavilion 2009architectural idea: metal cloud


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/LowRes_SerpentineGalleryPav.jpg

foundations and ground floor: concrete; 560 m2 roof – Aluminum plates;

115 columns: stainless steel;diameter 6 cm, random raster;

R. Gregory, Serpentine Pavilion. V: The Architectural Review, št. 1350, str. 85, 2009.

Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA:Serpentine Pavilion 2009


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/sanaa_new_4.jpg

roof: Al plates polished and shiny roof.

3 m×1,5 m plates, thickness 2,5 cm (3 mm Al + 1,9 mm plywood + 3 mm Al)

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/sanaa_new_2.jpg



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Serpentine_Gallery_Pavilion_2009_by_Japanese_architects_SANAA_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1397366.jpg

roof: Al plates polished and shiny roof.

3 m×1,5 m plates, thickness 2,5 cm (3 mm Al + 1,9 mm plywood + 3 mm Al)

http://flavorwire.com/38730/daily-dose-pick-sanaa



http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Ping-Pong---Photograph-Phil.jpg

red (as London color)lightweight materials;

metal cantilever structures;12 m high wall

http://www.detail.de/artikel_serpentine-pavilion-nouvel-london-2010_26390_En.htm

London, 2010:Jean Nouvel:

Serpentine Pavilion 2010red sun pavilion

architectural idea: red sun pavilion


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/2PQ_1368_365.jpg

public space, café,

flexible auditorium;outdoor table tennis tables

http://www.detail.de/artikel_serpentine-pavilion-nouvel-london-2010_26390_En.htm

Jean Nouvel:Serpentine Pavilion 2010

glass, polycarbonate and fabric structures;


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/2PQ_1595_2_365.jpg

red (as London color)lightweight materials;

metal cantilever structures;12 m high wall

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_2284Serpentine_nouvel_365.jpg

Jean Nouvel:Serpentine Pavilion 2010


http://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/27/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2011-by-peter-zumthor-2/

Zumthor architecture: the sensory and spiritual aspects of the architectural experience,

from the precise yet simple composition and ‘presence’ of the materials,

to the handling of scale and the effect of light.

cameronmcewan.wordpress.com/tag/association/

London, 2011:Peter Zumthor:

Serpentine Pavilion 2011idea: hortus conclusus = enclosed garden

a contemplative room, yard;a garden within a garden.



public space, café,

http://www.riftpowerlevel.com/?p=1020

Peter Zumthor:Serpentine Pavilion 2011

timber structure;



a place abstracted from the world of noise and traffic and the smells of London –

an interior space within which to sit, to walk, to observe the flowers




http://www.mikepevsner.com/blog/files/d941a4066ce1ee4145e1b39e138408de-87.html

specially created gardenby the influential Dutch designer Piet Oudolf

http://zumthor.tumblr.com/post/12641416239/drawings-by-peter-zumthor-serpentine-gallery1


garden


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_CI_120504_006%20press%20page.jpg

11 + 1 columnseach colunm represents one pavilion

archaeological approach:- inspire visitors to look beneath the surface of the park, - back in time across the ghosts of the earlier structures

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/pavilion2012/wp-content/themes/pavilion2012/images/footprints-image1.jpg

London, 2012:Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei:

Serpentine Pavilion 2012idea: previous 11 pavilions


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_MO_120504_001%20press%20page.jpg

floating platform roof 1,5 m above the ground

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_CI_120504_002%20press%20page.jpg

Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei:Serpentine Pavilion 2012


http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_4375%20Press%20Page.jpg

water / pool at the top of the pavilion

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/HdM%20Serpentine%207144%20Press%20Page.jpg



http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_4348%20Press%20Page.jpg

interior: cork (echo) cladding & chairs

http://www.serpentinegallery.org/HdM-Serpentine-6359-365.jpg




SERPENTINE GALLERY TEMPORARY PAVILIONS

Architecture = Structure = Design

unusual formswithout windows and doors

there is no difference between inner and outer space experiments with the space (2000-2012) – top level form

21 century: the work of architect and structural engineer are interweaved collaboration between branches

light engineers, acoustic engineers


TRIMO URBAN CRASH

Architecture = Structure = Design

unusual formswithout windows and doors

there is no difference between inner and outer space experiments with the space

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/only condition: only Trimo elements

http://www.designmagazin.cz/umeni/5114-vyhlasena-soutez-na-dalsi-objekt-trimo-urban-crash.html

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/only condition: only Trimo elements

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/MIROS_4.jpg

Ljubljana, 2007:Jelena Grujić:

Relaxation Wall, competition winnerTrimo Urban Crash 07


foto. L.S.

Ljubljana, 2010:Rok Grdiša:

rebuild paviliononly condition: only Trimo elements (steel)

now on different location

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/R205_4.jpg

Ljubljana, 2007:Rok Grdiša:

Pavilion, second place Trimo Urban Crash 07


http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/TUC_constructed_stage.jpg

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/only condition: only Trimo elements (steel)

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/TUC_oder_gradnja_1.jpg

Ljubljana, 2009:Jan Ledwoń in Alicja Choła:

White Dancer, competition winnerTrimo Urban Crash 09


http://mojdom.dnevnik.si/sl/Arhitektura/3390/Trimo+Urban+Crash+2011%3A+zmagovalna+tribuna+je+odprta

http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/only condition: only Trimo elements (steel)

http://mojdom.dnevnik.si/sl/Arhitektura/3390/Trimo+Urban+Crash+2011%3A+zmagovalna+tribuna+je+odprta

Ljubljana, 2011:Wojciech Nowak, Martynika Bielawska:

A Life Stand, competition winnerTrimo Urban Crash 2011


http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/task: self-sufficient Bike Base designed as a sustainable building

consisting of a maximum of three Trimo modular units

http://www.armedforces-int.com/upload/image_files/suppliers/gallery/1310/modular-camp-buildings/modular-container-unit.jpg

Ljubljana, 2013:?:

Trimo Urban Crash 2013

?


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