PRODUCT SERIES 73

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

SERIES 73SURFACE CHOKES

TABLE OFCONTENTS

Edward Singleton Works

Factory two

Factory three

PRODUCT SERIES 73

We provide highly-specialised goods to capital-intensive industries on a worldwide basis, so it’s understandable that our customers look for the very best credentials.

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API Monogram Facilities

Balanced Trim Designs

Bi-Directional Flow Chokes

Velocity Control VeCTor™ Trims

API 6A Body Pressure Relief Mechanism

Multi-Stage Spline Trim Design

Choke Opening Indicator Mechanisms

Choke Flow Characteristic

Standard Non-Collapse Choke Trims (100 Joules Impacts)

Choke Specification Split Between API 6A and ASME

Choke Orientation Recommendations

Special Testing

Typical Choke Products

Reference List

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Maintaining the highest standards of quality throughout design, production and customer service is the cornerstone of KOSO Kent Introl’s philosophy. The company’s main plant in the UK has both the API 6A and the API 17D Licence Agreements. These agreements ensure that the choke products that we provide are supplied in strict accordance with the appropriate standard. Our customers can therefore be confident that they are receiving a quality product from a world class manufacturer.

PRODUCT SERIES 73

API MONOGRAMFACILITIES

Certificate of Authority to use Official API Monogram

Licence number: 6A-1275

Certificate of Authority to use Official API Monogram

Licence number: 17D-0088

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PRODUCT SERIES 73

On high pressure drop applications or when chokes have large seat diameters, the trim may require pressure balancing. A pressure balanced trim reduces the actuator thrust requirement by reducing the trim’s effective unbalanced area. Depending on the size of trim, this can significantly reduce the choke thrust requirement and it may be possible to utilise actuators one or two sizes smaller than what would be needed for a similar sized choke with a solid (unbalanced) trim design. This therefore will help reduce the overall cost of the product and reduce the overall envelope dimensions.

BALANCEDTRIM DESIGNS

HF-LCV plug c/w trim balance holes

On certain choke applications it may be desirable for the operator to flow the choke in both directions during the operational life of the choke. The Kent Introl choke can be provided with additional sealing arrangements to ensure that the choke performs excellently in both flow directions.

The design of the standard Kent Introl Tungsten Carbide trims ensures that the Solid Tungsten Carbide main throttling / control trim components are always placed in compression. Due to this compression loading of the Tungsten Carbide components, even in a reverse flow scenario, the tensile stresses on the tungsten carbide components are virtually eliminated. This ensures that pressure controlling performance in both reverse flow and normal flow directions can be maximised.

BI-DIRECTIONALFLOW CHOKES

Normal flow direction

Reverse flow direction

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Controlling the velocity significantly reduces the effect of erosion. In addition, the noise level can be reduced and also cavitation can be eliminated, if the correct number of velocity control stages are selected.

The main trim throttling and control components, on our VeCTorTM trims, are manufactured from Solid Tungsten Carbide. Although Tungsten Carbide has excellent properties to prevent erosion, it can be quite brittle. Hence there is a need to protect the Tungsten Carbide from impact damage from contaminates that might be entrained in the production fluids.

Kent Introl has conducted a number of tests on its different choke trim designs, to ensure that the trim is very resistant to collapse when hit by these solid components.

On very high pressure drop applications where there is a high potential for erosion due to the extreme velocities in the process flow, the Kent Introl VeCTorTM solid Tungsten Carbide trim would be offered.

The VeCTorTM design philosophy is very different to most other choke trim designs that are commonly used for choke applications. The principle of the VeCTorTM design is to control the fluid velocity as it passes through each 90 degrees turn. After each turn there is an increase in the flow area, that for gas applications, allows for expansion of the fluid as it passes through the trim reducing pressure and velocity.

VELOCITY CONTROL VECTORTM TRIMS

PRODUCT SERIES 73

Exploded view VeCTorTM four-stage choke trim flow passage

Special Solid Tungsten Carbide Vari-Staged VeCTorTM Trim(8-6-4-2 Velocity Control Stages)

Solid VeCTorTM Tungsten Carbide Trim, Protected by a 22% Duplex ‘Brick-Stopper’

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The Kent Introl Multi-Spline trim has been used very successfully on numerous projects to handle very high pressure drops with relatively low flow requirements. Pressure drops of up to 800 Bar (11,600 psi) have been accommodated through this trim design.

Typically for very high pressure drops with high velocities and the potential for trim erosion, we would offer the main control / throttling components in Solid Tungsten Carbide. However, we can also offer this trim design with stellite overlaid trim components, to reduce trim costs.

These trims have been utilised on Control Valve and Choke Valve applications from API 15,000 psi Pump Protection Valves, Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) injection chokes to prevent the onset of hydrate formation and for hydrate remediation systems.

The trim design has very high range-abilities, up to 150 to 1 and the Design CV’s range from 0.0013 up to 8.

MULTI-STAGE SPLINE TRIM DESIGN

ANSI/API Specification 6A Twentieth Edition States

“Vent requirement - All chokes shall be designed to vent trapped pressure prior to releasing the body-to-bonnet connector on adjustable chokes or the body-to-cap connector on positive chokes.”

Kent Introl would normally design the choke to ensure that it inherently would not have any trapped in pressure inside the valve. However if the client insists that a relief mechanism is required, as a further precaution, then we would fit one to the main body or bonnet pressure retaining component.

API 6A PRESSURE RELIEF MECHANISM

PRODUCT SERIES 73

Vent Valve

5 x Stage Multi-Spline (Tungsten Carbide & Stellite)

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% LIFT % FLOW ORIFICE SIZE (64 th'S)

5 0 010 1 2015 3 3420 5 4425 7 5230 8 5635 10 6340 13 7145 17 8250 21 9155 30 10860 38 12265 48 13770 56 14875 65 15980 74 17085 82 17990 90 18895 97 195

100 100 198

EQUAL %

Over the last 50 years Kent Introl has conducted thousands of flow tests to validate the trim flow characteristic and design CV’s of it’s valves. On numerous of occasions we have been able to work with our clients to provide them with calibrated flow curves that the client can use to calculate the flow output through the choke.

CHOKE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

PRODUCT SERIES 73

Kent Introl can supply a full range of indicators - Flat, Cylindrical and Micrometer type, as well as Custom made designs for special customer requirements. These indicators can also be provided and calibrated in percentage, linear travel and 64th scale. They can also be double or triple scale.

CHOKE OPENING INDICATOR MECHANISMS

Examples of indicator mechanisms used on Kent Introl chokes

Equal percentage Cv Curve vs. Valve % Travel Open

Typical EQ% flow curve for a choke with a design CV of 225 (198/64th)

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CHOKE SPECIFICATION SPLIT BETWEEN API 6A AND ASME

Kent Introl is a specialist choke valve manufacturer that can provide custom design solutions to suit most of the operators requirements.

Some of our customers use the choke as the specification break between the API 6A upstream wellhead and the downstream ASME piping system. Kent Introl has provided various solutions in the past to meet this customer requirement, whilst still ensuring that it meets the requirements of all relevant international standards.

A number of special design enhancements and additional tests need to be conducted to ensure that the choke is suitable for the application.

PRODUCT SERIES 73

For over 30 years Kent Introl has been providing chokes with solid tungsten carbide trim components. Tungsten Carbide material has excellent properties to prevent erosion, however it is generally quite a brittle material and if the appropriate design consideration are not taken into account, this could lead to catastrophic trim failures on some choke applications.

Kent Introl has conducted numerous tests over the years to verify the suitability of it’s Tungsten Carbide trims for applications that have solid contaminates within the flowing medium. The Kent Introl standard ‘Brick Stopper’ has been successfully tested up to 100 Joules impact values.In addition to the standard Tungsten Carbide trim design. Kent Introl has supplied trims that have been tested to 1320 Joules, these trims generally meet the onerous requirements of NORSOK P100.

STANDARD NON-COLLAPSE CHOKE TRIMS (100 JOULES IMPACTS)

Outer Duplex Guide(100 Joules ‘Brick-stopper’)

Tungsten Carbide Main Guide Throttling/Control Element

Solid Inconel 625 Surface Choke - 9” API 6A 5,000 psi Inlet Flange complete with 14” ASME 1500 Hub outlet connection

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We would not recommend installing a choke as shown in diagram c) for a number of reasons as follows:

– Sand contamination can get trapped between the plug and the bonnet and this will lead to the choke being unable to operate.

– Any contamination is also more likely to be pulled into the gland packing area, consequently damaging the packing and causing

a leak.

– The leak would potentially become a major health and safety issue if it was to leak onto an electric actuator for example.

– The solid contaminates could block the balance holes. If this happened the required thrusts would increase and the actuator

would probably not produce enough additional force to operate the choke.

– It is more likely that the dynamic seals in the choke would clogg up and reduce the performance of the seal.

Environmental chamber.Temperatures from -196 Deg Centigrade to +200 Deg Centigrade can be achieved.

Gas testing facility.

CHOKE ORIENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS

SPECIAL TESTING

The Kent Introl Choke can be mounted into line in various orientations, typically as shown below in diagrams a) and b). However we would need to know the orientation requirement at the order stage, as sometimes we will need to position certain instruments, airsets, positioner, sunshades etc. in the orientation that is recommended by the original equipment manufacturer.

Recent investment at Kent Introl has seen the installation of a new gas testing facility and a new environmental chamber. This enables the testing in accordance with API 6A PSL4 or PSL 3G and API 6A PR 2.

PRODUCT SERIES 73

Key:1. Choke inlet2. Choke outlet

Gravity

a. b. c.

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Inconel 625 Chokes for BP North Sea Project

Production Chokes for ConocoPhillips in Norway

Special Choke for Woodside Australia

10” Production Chokes for Petrobras Brazil

Various Electro-Hydraulic Chokesfor ADCO in Abu Dhabi

In-line Chokes Supplied to Statoil Norway

10” API 6A 10K Production Chokes for Petronas Malaysia

HPHT Pressurisation and Production Chokes for BP Azerbaijan

PRODUCT SERIES 73

TYPICAL CHOKE PRODUCTS

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Customer

A.D.N.O.C 1982 21 6” 6” API 5000 219 103 345 99 Production Hydrocarbon Gas Abu Dhabi

BP Pet. Development 1988 25 4” 4.1/16” API 3000 207 70 207 70 Production Multi Phase UK

NPCC 2000/01 27 4” 8” ANSI 2500 259 90 299 100 Production Multi Phase Iran

NPCC 2000/01 27 4” 8” ANSI 2500 259 90 299 100 Production Well Fluid Iran

Vetco Aibel AS 2005 2 10” 12” ANSI 1500 160 Various 180 90 Production Well Fluids Norway

SBM Gusto 2008 19 10” 10” ANSI 1500 9.2 8.2 230 100/-15 Well Fluids Multi Phase Brazil

Euro Mechanical 2010 20 8” 8” ANSI 2500 Various Various 252 110/0 Production Wellhead Fluids Abu Dhabi

Kvaerner Stord AS 2011 30 4” 4” ANSI 2500 88 14 406 120/-46 Production Multi Phase Norway

Oman Oil Company 2013 58 4” 4.1/16” API 10000 345 10 380 90/-46 Production Multi Phase Oman

Unit Concept Sdn Bhd 2015 4 10” 9” x 11” API 10,000 343 114 385 175/-20 Production Multi Phase Malaysia

Aibel AS 2015 18 10” 8” ANSI 1500 203 1 257 90/-46 Production Multi Phase Norway

Unit Concept Sdn Bhd 2015 4 10” 9” x 11” API 10,000 343 114 385 175/-20 Production Multi Phase Malaysia

ABB Control Valves Inc.

1995 10 4” 4.1/16” API 10,000 615.5 Various 689 118 Gas Lift Hydrocarbon Gas Venezuela

Kvaerner H&G Offshore

1996 6 4” 4.1/16” API 15,000 Various Various 800 175 Hydrocarbon Vapour

Gas Condensate / Water / Sand

North Sea

Sakhalin Energy Investment Co

2003 7 8” 9”x 14” API 5,000 Various Various 200 121/-120 Production Wellstream Russia

Single BuoyMoorings Inc

2007 1 14” 12” ANSI 2500 25 24.5 345 123/-10 Well Fluids Multi Phase Angola

Unit Concept Sdn Bhd 2011 5 8” 4 1/16” & 8” API 10000 & ANSI 2500

337 105 388 135/0 Production Multi Phase Malaysia

Consorcio Technip-Techint P76

2015 17 10” 10” ANSI 2500 244 214 302 100/0 Production Multi Phase Brazil

MODEC Offshore Production Systems

2010 5 10” 10” ANSI 2500 248 200 275 66/-10 Water Injection Deaerated Seawater

Brazil

Flux Valvision AS 2015 6 10” 10” ANSI 2500 18 17.5 390 80/-46 Production Multi Phase North Sea

MODEC Offshore Production Systems

2015 17 8” 8” ANSI 2500 37 16 280 93.3/-29 Production Multi Phase Brazil

Kvaerner H&G Offshore

1996 21 6” 8” API 10,000 515 190 550 150 Hydrocarbon Vapour

Hydrocarbon Gas North Sea

ABB Kent Taylor PTE Ltd

1996 26 6” 7.1/16”x 6” ANSI 1500 170 117 344 90 Production Gas / Liquid Australia

Origin EnergyResources Ltd

2006 3 4” 7.1/16” API 5000 257 70 309 110/-46 Production Fluid Well Fluids New Zealand

Bechtel 1995 119 Up to 4” Various Up to API 10000

Various Various Various Various Various Various Abu Dhabi

Marathon Oil UK Ltd 1992/4/5 6 4” 4” API 10000 593 103 690 200 Gas + Condensate Multi Phase North Sea

Shell 1995 16 3” 3” ANSI 900 40 6 120 80 Production Multi Phase Gabon

Stolt Offshore SA 2001 36 2” 4” ANSI 600 85 21 114 60 Production Oil / Water Nigeria

Score (Europe) Ltd 2001 6 4” 6” API 10,000 414 Various 448 100 Gas Production HC Gas North Sea

Rapid Solutions 2007 2 6” 7.1/16” API 15,000 640 153 759 100/-50 Pressurisation Multi Phase Azerbaijan

Tatweer Petroleum 2011 26 6” 6” ANSI 1500 224 110 226 149/-5 Gas Dehydration Multi Phase Bahrain

Aibel AS 2011 39 8” 8” ANSI 900 75 74 142 75/-46 Production Multi Phase Norway

ConocoPhillips Ltd 2012 16 4” 4” ANSI 2500 260 41.7 345 120/-46 Production Multi Phase Norway

Todd Energy Limited 2014 11 3” 3” ANSI 2500 270 50 351 100/-29 Production Multi Phase New Zealand

Tecnimont 2015 296 1” to 4” 1” to 8” Up to API 10000

Various Various Various Various Various Various Abu Dhabi

PFD (UK) Limited 2003 16 3” 3.1/16” API 10,000 Various Various 690 120 Multi Phase Multi Phase Kazakhstan

Kent Process Control Inc.

1985 10 2” 2” API 2500 311 25 311 165 Inj Hydrocarbon Gas Alaska

Date Quantity CM Size Flange size

Flange rating

Pressure

In bar Press. barOut bar Temp °C

Design Duty Line Fluid Destination

PRODUCT SERIES 73

REFERENCE LIST

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KOSO KENT INTROLARMYTAGE ROADBRIGHOUSEWEST YORKSHIREHD6 1QFUK

TELEPHONE+44 (0)1484 710311

FACSIMILE+44 (0)1484 407407

EMAILinfo@kentintrol.com

WEBSITEwww.kentintrol.com

KOSO Kent Introl Limited is part of the KOSO Group of companies.

The company’s policy is one of continual development and the right is reserved to modify the specifications contained herein without notice.

Copyright © 2017All rights reserved KOSO Kent Introl Limited