1. 1. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Cadastre and LandCadastre and Land RegistryRegistry in Norwayin Norway Serbian high level delegation - RGZ 9. August 2007 Magnar Danielsen Director
2. 2. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Property division 2007Property division 2007 Direktor Magnar Danielsen Cadastre Heming Herdlevr Land registry Anne Cathrine Frstrup International center Helge Onsrud Register Condominium s Reidun R. Mjr Staff 260 man-years Annual turnover/expenses: 38 mill Raskt Riktig Rettsikkert RRimelig 4
3. 3. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Tinglysingsavdelingen 2007Tinglysingsavdelingen 2007 Tinglysingsdirektr Anne Cathrine Frstrup Underdirektr Magne Haglund Underdirektr Turid Ellingsen Agder Helge Dnvold Akershus Gun Frydenberg Buskerud Ina Elsrud Innlandet Hvard Skogmo Hordaland Irmelin Kaarb Oslo Nina Selte Trndelag Rogaland Marianne Hagen stfold Kari H Hellum Stab; Wenche B stli May Jorun H Sta Anne May S Selte Kjetil Bockmann Ullensvang: Reidun R Mjr Knut Bue Marita Aarhus Mre Bjrg Anne Lien
4. 4. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Where in Norway?Where in Norway? Oslo Hamar Skien Kr.sand Ullensvang Stavanger Bergen Molde Trondheim Steinkjer Bod Troms Vads
5. 5. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ALDERSFORDELING SKED 02.02.07 Antall 7 29 33 41 53 24 36 25 18 3 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-68 Snitt 42,5 Average age of staff 2007 68 % are women
6. 6. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Cadastre and Land Registration in NorwayCadastre and Land Registration in Norway Background information Total area of mainland 324.000 sqkm 4,7 million inhabitants 2,7 million properties, all with geographic co-ordinates 3,7 million buildings, all with geographic co-ordinates 2,0 million addresses, all with geographic co-ordinates 2,2 million households 95 % of properties in private ownership 80 % of families own their house 99 % of farms owned by private, single farmers - 20 hectares on average Only high mountains in general state ownership Almost all building constructions financed by mortgaging
7. 7. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Two basic registersTwo basic registers Two basic property registers the Land Register, maintained (until 2004) by the local courts reporting to a state database data about ownership and private land rights The state guarantee the correctness the Cadastre, maintained by the municipalities, reporting to the state database data about parcels, buildings, apartments and addresses The state does not guarantee the correctness both registers are in digital form, but cadastral maps are currently in partly analogue form, digitising will be completed by 2008 A government owned company operates an integrated on-line service to users (Norsk Eiendomsinformasjon Ltd) - 30.000 terminal users and manage the Land registry IT-database system
8. 8. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Data producersData producers Cadastral surveys are undertaken by the municipalities as a monopoly - currently no private licensed surveyors Deeds to the Land Register are prepared by real estate brokers, lawyers, banks or the private persons themselves No notaries A special land court handles disputes over boundaries and other land rights The judge must be a special surveyor with a 5 years degree
9. 9. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K StatisticsStatistics 25.000 new parcels to the Cadastre per year 900.000 new documents to the Land Register per year goes up to 1.1 million in 2008 140.000 land sales per year (5 % of the stock) 450.000 new mortgage documents registered per year Cadastral surveys are executed within 1 - 3 months Registration in the Land Register takes 4 days The Cadastre: 80 % of use in public sector The Land Register: 90 % of use in private sector
10. 10. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K FeesFees Cadastral surveying; 1000 - 3000 per parcel (1000 sqm), set by municipalities Registration of a transfer deed in the land register: 193 + 2,5 % of the land value Registration of a mortgage: 240 The land register fees cover 10 times the costs of operating the land register Financing the Cadastre 65 % from state budget 20 % from municipal fees 15 % from sale of data
11. 11. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Cadastral surveying and mappingCadastral surveying and mapping Flexible geometric accuracies for surveying boundaries: Cities 5 - 20 cm Rural areas 1-2 meters Optionally leased land can referred to one reference point only, without defining the boundaries exactly Most cadastral surveys are done by GPS. The Mapping and Cadastre Authority operates a differential real time GPS service on centimetre and decimetre accuracy Map scales Cities 1:1000 Rural 1: 5000 - 1:10000 (mountains 1:50.000)
12. 12. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K New Law on the CadastreNew Law on the Cadastre Adopted by the Parliament in 2005, revised 2007 To provide: Better services to users Better quality in registers Meeting demand of the changing land market By: Adding a digital cadastral map to the national register Registering public restrictions in the Cadastre Adding two new types of property objects: volumes under or above the surface, 3 D properties land in common ownership Still municipal surveyors (not introducing a system of private surveyors as adopted in the law before revision)
13. 13. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Deeds to the Land RegisterDeeds to the Land Register Contracts are binding between the parties at the time of signature Registration is not mandatory, but is almost always done Control of the validity of signatures and content of the documents is done at the registration office Checking are done by clerks - lawyers involved in difficult cases only Registration gives protection against third party Users can rely on the extracted information in the register they do not have to consult the documents The parties can rely on the registered information being correct The parties can rely on the registered information only The state compensates any economic loss due to defaults in the register provided that the affected party is in good belief. Also losses due to fraud (false signatures etc.) is compensated
14. 14. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Reforming the land registerReforming the land register The Land Register is moved from 87 local courts to one single registration office at the National Mapping and Cadastre Authority HQ from 2004-2007 Making clean courts concentrating on rule of law Implemented in tandem with reducing the number of courts Recognising that the administration can ensure legal security in land registration as well as courts Recognising the benefit of better co-ordination between cadastre and land registration, particularly in development issues Lowering costs. Staff reduction Getting uniform services throughout the country Facilitating electronic documents Already 90 % of documents coming by post
15. 15. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Implementation of the reformImplementation of the reform Land registration services and archives transferred to The Mapping and Cadastre Authority HQ court by court over a period of 4 years Parallel to reducing the number of courts Parallel to implementing a new IT-system at central level Maintaining uninterrupted services Changing from fees paid in advance to invoice sent after registration Scanning of documents started May 2007 E-conveyances started in small scale June 2007 The Cadastre and Land Register will be kept as separate databases, with an integrated one- stop access for users
16. 16. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Weaknesses in the Norwegian systemWeaknesses in the Norwegian system Too low data quality in the Cadastre No on-line access to cadastral maps No data accessible on-the-fly, one day delay for external users No registration of public restrictions on land No provision for making properties in strata (3-D property) Long waiting times for surveys in some municipalities Large variations in prices for surveys ( 1000-3000) Limited service from the municipalities to clients; focus on surveying boundaries only No on-line access to metadata No central one-stop access to municipal area plans/land use plans
17. 17. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K Positive lessons learnedPositive lessons learned The Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority can ensure uninterrupted and good land registration services Land market works efficiently without notaries Successful use of private sector in establishing and operating databases Successful one-stop access to the Cadastre and Land Register operated outside the basic registers Flexible geodetic accuracies in surveying boundaries
18. 18. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K A National Cadastre and planningA National Cadastre and planning systemsystem
19. 19. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K 38 Pilot results: time to transfer title 1 2 4 4 9 18 29 34 39 43 43 45 45 67 78 79 83 92 193 219 250 N orw ay N ew Zealand Lithuania SaudiA rabia Singapore C ote D 'Ivoire B razil EthiopiaG eorgia SriLanka A rgentina C am eroonIreland India VietnamH ungaryPortugalB oliviaEgyptFranceN igeria Big differences WB Doing Business 2004
20. 20. S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K 39 Pilot results: cost to transfer title (%value) 0 0.2 0.9 2 2.5 2.5 2.7 5 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.7 6.8 7.3 10.2 10.3 11.7 14.1 15.3 37.1 39.4 SaudiA rabia N ew Zealand LithuaniaB razilN orw ayG eorgia Singapore SriLankaB oliviaVietnamFrance H ungaryEgypt Portugal C ote D 'IvoireIreland A rgentina IndiaEthiopia C am eroonN igeria WB Doing Business 2004