J. Great Lakes Res. 25(3):515–566Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1999

Checklist of Diatoms from the Laurentian Great Lakes. II

Eugene F. Stoermer1, Russell G. Kreis, Jr.2, and Norman A. Andresen1,*

1Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences501 East University

The University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 49109-1090

2U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory

Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth9311 Groh Road

Grosse Ile, Michigan 48138

ABSTRACT. An updated diatom (Bacillariophyta) checklist for the Great Lakes is provided. The pre-sent checklist supplants the preliminary checklist published in The Journal for Great Lakes Research in1978 and effectively represents a 20-year update. A series of procedures were used in this update whichincluded: a reexamination of taxa reported in the 1978 list, additions of taxa reported from the GreatLakes during the past 20 years, and a revision of taxonomy, commensurate with systematic and nomen-clatural changes which have occurred primarily during the past 8 years. 1488 diatom species or subordi-nate taxa are considered to be correct reports from the Great Lakes out of the 2188 diatom entitiesreported in the list. Of the 124 genera reported 105 are considered to be names in current use. The num-ber of diatom species reported represents a 16.5% increase and the number of genera reported repre-sents a 78% increase over those reported in the 1978 checklist. 13% of the species reported and 32% ofthe genera reported are due solely to nomenclatural changes. Results indicate that Great Lakes diatomsare a biodiverse component of the ecosystem, commensurate with the wide range of habitats found in thesystem. The present checklist indicates that most of the newly added species are primarily benthic or peri-phytic in nature and these represent largely understudied habitats. These results suggest that the presentchecklist may only represent approximately 70% or less of the extant diatom flora of the Great Lakes system.

INDEX WORDS: Diatoms, Great Lakes, floristics, systematics, checklist, biodiversity, algae.

515

INTRODUCTION

It appears particularly appropriate to update andrevise the Preliminary Checklist of Diatoms (Bacil-lariophyta) from the Laurentian Great Lakes (Stoer-mer and Kreis 1978) at this time. Twenty yearshave effectively elapsed since the past checklistwas published and a moderate number of additionaltaxa have been reported from the Great Lakes.There also appears to be a changing focus in GreatLakes diatom and algal studies and significant sys-tematic and nomenclatural changes have occurredduring approximately the past 8 years. Lack of tax-onomic treatments which cover the fauna and flora

of the Great Lakes, including diatoms, have been ofserious concern for many years (Stoermer and Kreis1978, Gannon and Robertson 1978, Gannon 1982,Stoermer 1984). The intent of the checklist is todocument the diatom flora of the Great Lakes, pro-vide a working tool for diatom taxonomists, and inturn, promote the consistent identification and enu-meration of this group for more accurate use inbasic and applied environmental studies.

Presently, national and international effort isbeing exerted to computerize and formalize floristicand faunal systematic lists, develop ecological data-bases on an individual species basis, and ensure thestability and integrity of systematic collections(Sullivan and Charles 1994, ASC 1995, USDA1996). A great deal of this effort is being driven by*Corresponding author. E-mail: andresen@umich..edu

516 Stoermer et al.

had not been previously reported and was not onthe main list, it was then elevated onto the main list.In some cases, synonyms were provided but werenot elevated to the main list as a taxonomic reportfrom the Great Lakes, based upon best professionaljudgement as described below.

The first procedure conducted for the present up-date was a reexamination of taxa on the 1978checklist and consisted of several aspects. Overall,spelling and other printing matters were corrected.Additionally, synonyms or other corrections whichwere provided by diatomists over the years wereadded or corrected, respectively. Wherever spelling,standard taxonomic changes, and/or authoritychanges were warranted and these taxa were origi-nally from MASTERLIST or from the authors’input to 1978 checklist, these corrections weremade to the list directly. The above cited correc-tions and changes were conducted unilaterally andautonomously, consistent with an update or revisionof this type.

Within the 1978 checklist, synonyms were pro-vided for approximately 50 diatom species thatwere originally reported in the literature. The ma-jority of these represent pre-1900 records. At thattime, only synonyms were provided and were notelevated onto the checklist as recognized taxa. A re-examination of these taxa have indicated that over90% of the synonyms should be elevated to the listas taxa which could have been reasonably observedor were subsequently observed in the Great Lakes.The reexamination consisted of interpreting theoriginal report, its synonym, and whether or notthat taxon could be reasonably observed in theGreat Lakes system. Some cases may represent ex-otic or introduced species which may have beenpresent in the system at a limited location or duringa limited time frame.

The second primary procedure was to incorporatenewly reported Great Lakes diatom taxa into thefloristic list. As with the 1978 checklist, the Univer-sity of Michigan data reduction and analysis system(FIDO), with its associated algal species file (MAS-TERLIST), was the foundation for the updatedchecklist. Newly observed Great Lakes diatom taxareported in MASTERLIST (exclusive of incertaesedis and other numerical designations) since the1978 checklist, were compiled and added to the list.

Another component of this procedure was to adddiatom taxa from the published and available grayliterature which were not previously reported. A re-examination of the literature prior to 1976 yieldedno further records. The authors have a high degree

national programs which require the developmentand use of indicators, including diatoms (Hirsch etal. 1988, Hunsaker and Carpentar 1990, Leahy etal. 1990, Paulsen et al. 1991, Hedtke et al. 1992,Gurtz 1993). It has been recognized that taxonomicconsiderations and consistency are pivotal to suc-cess. The authors intend to electronically cross-check and link the Great Lakes diatom flora withthese ongoing database efforts.

The checklist provides diatom records from theGreat Lakes proper, connecting waterbodies, anddirectly adjoining and/or adjacent habitats. This in-cludes habitats which are directly connected to theGreat Lakes proper such as wetlands and lotic sys-tems at the immediate area of confluence. Rivers orwatersheds removed from the Great Lakes by ap-proximately 1 km are not included. The list is ex-clusive of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the lowerSt. Lawrence estuary, as these waterbodies aredominated by salinity-tolerant forms more indica-tive of the marine environment. The present check-list has been designed to promote accurate andconsistent taxonomic identification of the GreatLakes diatom flora which in turn will lead to afuller understanding of the flora and its ecologicalinterpretation.

METHODS

A series of primary and secondary procedureswere taken to update the Preliminary Checklist ofDiatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the LaurentianGreat Lakes (Stoermer and Kreis 1978) and is de-scribed in the following discussion; herein, the Pre-liminary Checklist cited above will be referred to asthe 1978 checklist. To explain these procedures, abrief discussion of the construct of the 1978 check-list is warranted. A series of computer programs(FIDO) was developed at the University of Michi-gan to support algal population databases andanalyses. A component of FIDO is a file calledMASTERLIST which contains all algal taxa fromthe Great Lakes reported by the University ofMichigan laboratory. Diatom records from MAS-TERLIST were the basic starting point of the 1978checklist. Diatom records from both the publishedand gray literature through 1976 (in part) were thencombined with MASTERLIST. When a taxon re-ported from the literature was found to be a ques-tionable name (for any number of circumstances),and was found to have an accepted synonym, theappropriate synonym was provided underneath thetaxon using an indentation format. If the synonym

Diatom Checklist 517

of confidence that references reported in the 1978checklist contain the substantial majority of GreatLakes records and literature not reported in the ref-erence section of the 1978 checklist do not containrecords. Subsequently, literature was consultedfrom approximately 1976 through to the present,representing approximately 20 years of reports,since the 1978 checklist was originally constructed.In the 1978 checklist, a few publications from 1976were available at the time of compilation and taxahad been included from these reports. In the presentupdate, all literature consulted has been reported inthe references section and annotated as to whetheror not new Great Lakes records were found andadded to the updated list. References providedherein in the annotated bibliography, together withthe 1978 checklist bibliography, constitute the pri-mary body of literature which contains Great Lakesdiatom records. Reports where a diatom genus orgenera have been incidentally discussed have beenomitted from the bibliography.

Significant taxonomic changes have occurredduring approximately the present decade. Taxo-nomic changes made in the published literaturethrough 31 December 1996, are interpreted and re-flected in the checklist update. Appendix 1 containsthe notes where the decisions on certain taxa arepresented. Appendix 2 contains the referencessearched for Great Lakes records. Appendix 3 con-tains taxonomic works which have relevance for thetaxa recorded for the Great Lakes. These changesrepresent the last primary procedure for this update.This procedure was conducted subsequent to the el-evation procedures and addition of new records asdescribed above. The nomenclatural changes whichhave occurred in this recent time frame are of par-ticular note and extend downward from the familylevel. In most cases, families and genera have beendelineated and many genera have been designatedwhich were previously represented by a singlegenus. Consequently, significant nomenclaturalchanges have also occurred on the species and sub-species levels.

In addition to the above, some general and spe-cific rules and practices were observed for this up-date. In all cases, best professional judgement wasused in interpretation of the reports. When avail-able, type specimens and original literature wereexamined and interpreted using this practice. Simi-larly, synonymies, authorities, and spelling werealso examined in this manner. Incorrect authoritieswere typically ignored and not included on the listwhen the taxon is well-known; authorities varied,

ranging from outdated, to partially correct, to to-tally incorrect. When it was certain that the taxonwas confused or had been in part transferred to an-other taxon based on the authority, the author’sopinion of the problem guided the type of entry.Capitalization of specific epithets which are formu-lated from proper nouns was not appropriate ac-cording to the rules of botanical nomenclature(Grueter et al. 1994). Common usage or best pro-fessional judgement were used for spelling whereappropriate, and common usage was used forspecies, varietal, and form designations. The au-thority abbreviations follow the recommendationsof Brummitt and Powell (1992) with one major ex-ception. The entry in Brummitt and Powell for Al-bert Grunow is incorrect. The only spelling ofGrunow found in the literature, i.e., Grunow notGrunov, was used. Errors in the physical list are ofcourse, the responsibility of the authors. Some re-ports are potentially incorrect but have been re-ported as part of the flora for completeness sake.Other records were assumed to be reasonable for re-porting. It is assumed that the present checklist willbe updated in the future. At that time, additional in-formation may become available for determiningreport validity. The authors are interested in recov-ering additional reports, comments, or taxonomicinterpretations for future use.

CHECKLIST OF GREAT LAKES DIATOMS

Provided below is the updated checklist. Taxa asoriginally reported appear in the main body of thelist and are left margin justified. If a taxon has asynonym it is indented and provided underneath theoriginal report. If the synonym did not occur as anoriginal report, it has been elevated to the mainbody of the checklist.

Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen

Achnanthes affinis GrunowAchnanthidium affine (Grunow) Czarn.

Achnanthes altaica (Poretzky) A.ClevePsammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht. in

Bukht. & RoundAchnanthes amoena Hust.Achnanthes atacamae Hust.Achnanthes biasolettiana (Kütz.) Grunow (see note 1)

Psammothidium abundans fo. rosenstockii (Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer) Bukht.

Achnanthes bioreti GermainPsammothidium bioreti (Germain) Bukht. & Round

518 Stoermer et al.

Achnanthes brevipes C.AgardhAchnanthes brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.) Cleve

Achnanthidium brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.)Cleve

Achnanthes calcar ClevePlanothidium calcar (Cleve) Bukht. & Round

Achnanthes clevei GrunowKarayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow)

Round & Bukht.Achnanthes clevei var. balcanica fo. rostrata Hust.Achnanthes clevei var. rostrata Hust.

Achnanthidium clevei var. rostratum (Hust.)M.B.Edlund

Achnanthes coarctata (Bréb.) GrunowAchnanthes conspicua MayerAchnanthes conspicua var. brevistriata Hust.

Achnanthes conspicua MayerAchnanthes deflexa C.W.Reimer in Patrick & ReimerAchnanthes delicatula (Kütz.) Grunow

Planothidium delicatulum (Kütz.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes depressa (Cleve) Hust.Achnanthes detha M.H.Hohn and Hellerm.

Planothidium subatomoides (Hust.) Round &Bukht.

Achnanthes didyma Hust.Planothidium didymum (Hust.) Round & Bukht.

Achnanthes dispar CleveAchnanthes dispar var. angulata Hust.Achnanthes dispar var. fontellii A.CleveAchnanthes duthii Screen.

Achnanthidium duthii (Screen.) M.B.EdlundAchnanthes elliptica var. elongata A.CleveAchnanthes exigua Grunow

Achnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarn.Achnanthes exigua var. constricta (Grunow) Hust.Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krasske

Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum(Krasske) Czarn.

Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva fo. semiapertaH.Guermeur

Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalvata Krasske[orthographic error]

Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum(Krasske) Czarn.

Achnanthes exilis Kütz.Achnanthidium exilis (Kütz.) Bukht.

Achnanthes flexella (Kütz.) BrunEucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve

Achnanthes flexella var. alpestris BrunEucocconeis flexella var. alpestris (Brun) Hust.

Achnanthes gibberula GrunowAchnanthes thermalis (Rabenh.) Schönfeld

Achnanthes gracillima Hust. emend. Foged (see note 2)Achnanthes gracillina var. nipponica SovereignAchnanthes hauckiana Grunow

Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round &Bukht.

Achnanthes hauckiana var. rostrata E.SchulzAchnanthes hetensis A.Cleve [orthographic error]

Achnanthes hettensis A.CleveAchnanthes hettensis A.CleveAchnanthes hungarica (Grunow) Grunow

Achnanthidium hungaricum GrunowAchnanthes incognita KrasskeAchnanthes joursacense Hérib.Achnanthes kolbei Hust.

Kolbesia kolbei (Hust.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes kryophila J.B.Petersen

Achnanthidium kryophila (J.B.Petersen) Bukht.Achnanthes kryophila var. africana Choln.Achnanthes lanceolata (Bréb.) Grunow

Planothidium lanceolatum (Bréb.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes lanceolata var. abbreviata C.W.ReimerAchnanthes lanceolata var. apiculata R.M.PatrickAchnanthes lanceolata var. bimaculata Hust.Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grunow

Planothidium dubium (Grunow) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes lanceolata var. elliptica Cleve

Planothidium ellipticum (A.Cleve) Round &Bukht.

Achnanthes lanceolata var. genuina MayerAchnanthidium lanceolatum var. genuinum Mayer

Achnanthes lanceolata var. haynaldii (Schaarsch.) CleveAchnanthidium lanceolatum var. haynaldii

(Schaarsch.) CleveAchnanthes lanceolata var. lanceolatoides (Sovereign)

C.W.ReimerAchnanthes lanceolata var. omissa C.W.Reimer

Achnanthes joursacense Hérib.Achnanthes lanceolata var. robusta Hust.Achnanthes lanceolatoides Sovereign

Achnanthes lanceolata var. lanceolatoides(Sovereign) C.W.Reimer

Achnanthes lapidosa KrasskeAchnanthes lapponica (Hust.) Hust.

Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. (see note 3)Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei (H.Guerm. & Mang.)

C.W.Reimer (see note 3)Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (H.Guerm. &

Mang.) M.B.EdlundAchnanthes laterostrata Hust.

Karayevia laterostrata (Hust.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hust.

Diatom Checklist 519

Psammothidium lauenbergianum (Hust.) Bukht. & Round

Achnanthes lemmermannii Hust.Achnanthes levanderi Hust.

Psammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Bukht. & Round(see note 4)

Achnanthes levanderi var. helvetica Hust.Achnanthes lewisiana R.M.Patrick

Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust.Achnanthes linearis (W.Sm.) Grunow

Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes linearis var. pusilla Grunow

Rossithidum pusillum (Grunow) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes linearis var. nipponica SkvortzovAchnanthes linearis fo. curta H.L.Sm.Achnanthes marginulata Grunow

Psammothidium marginulatum (Grunow) Bukht. &Round

Achnanthes microcephala (Kütz.) GrunowAchnanthidium microcephalum (Kütz.) vide

Rabenh.Achnanthes minutissima Kütz.

Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarn.Achnanthes minutissima var. cryptocephala GrunowAchnanthes minutissima var. robusta Hust.Achnanthes nodosa A.CleveAchnanthes nollii BockAchnanthes oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Hust.

Planothidium oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Round & Bukht.

Achnanthes oestrupii var. lanceolata Hust.Achnanthes oestrupii var. pungens (A.Cleve)

Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & KrammerAchnanthes oestrupii var. pungens (A.Cleve) Lange-

Bert. in Lange-Bert. & KrammerAchnanthes peragalli Brun & Hérib.

Planothidium perigallii (Brun & Hérib. in Hérib.) Round & Bukht.

Achnanthes peragalli var. fossilis Temp. & M. Perag.Achnanthes peragalli var. parvula (R.M.Patrick)

C.W.ReimerAchnanthes pinnata Hust.Achnanthes ploenensis Hust.

Kolbesia ploenensis (Hust.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthes procera Hust.Achnanthes recurvata Hust.

Psammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht.Achnanthes sublaevis Hust.

Psammothidium ventralis (Krasske) Bukht. & Round (see note 5)

Achnanthes subsaloides Hust.Achnanthes subsalsa J.B.Petersen

Achnanthes subsalsa J.B.PetersenAchnanthes suchlandti Hust. [othographic error]

Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust.Achnanthes suchlandtii Hust.Achnanthes thermalis (Rabenh.) SchönfeldAchnanthes trinodis (W.Sm.) Grunow

Achnanthidium trinodis Arnott ex Ralfs inPritchard

Achnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer

Achnanthes ventraloconfusa fo. simplex Lange-Bert. inLange-Bert. & Krammer

Achnanthes wellsiae C.W.Reimer

Achnanthidium affine (Grunow) Czarn.Achnanthidium bioreti (Germ.) M.B.Edlund

Psammothidium bioreti (Germ.) Bukht. & RoundAchnanthidium brevipes var. intermedia (Kütz.) CleveAchnanthidium clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow)

Czarn.Karayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow)

Round & Bukht.Achnanthidium clevei var. rostratum (Hust.) M.B.EdlundAchnanthidium delicatulum Kütz.

Plannothidium delicatula (Kütz.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthidium duthii (Sreen.) M.B.EdlundAchnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarn.Achnanthidium exiguum var. heterovalvum (Krasske)

Czarn.Achnanthidium exilis (Kütz.) Bukht.Achnanthidium flexellum (Kütz.) Bréb.

Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) CleveAchnanthidium hauckianum (Grunow) Czarn.Achnanthidium hungaricum GrunowAchnanthidium kryophila (J.B.Petersen) Bukht.Achnanthidium lanceolatum Bréb. in Kütz.Achnanthidium lanceolatum var. elliptica CleveAchnanthidium lanceolatum var. genuinum MayerAchnanthidium lanceolata var. haynaldii (Schaarsch.)

CleveAchnanthidium levanderi (Hust.) Czarn.Achnanthidium lineare W.Sm.

Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht.Achnanthidium microcephalum (Kütz.) vide Rabenh.Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarn.Achnanthidium peragalli Brun & Hérib. in Hérib.Achnanthidium trinodis Arnott ex Ralfs in Pritchard

Actinocyclus niagarae H.L.Sm.Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb.

Actinocyclus normanii (W.Greg.) Hust.

520 Stoermer et al.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.Actinocyclus normanii var. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

[nom. nud.]Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.)

Hust.

Actinoptychus sp.

Amphipleura arctica R.M.Patrick & Freese Amphipleura delicatissima [nom. illegit.]Amphipleura kriegeriana (Krasske) Hust.Amphipleura pellucida (Kütz.) Kütz.Amphipleura sigmoida W.Sm.

Nitzschia sigma var. rigida (Kütz.) Grunow

Amphiprora alata (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Entomoneis alata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.

Amphiprora calumetica B.W.Thomas in B.W.Thomas &H.H.Chase

Amphora calumetica (B.W.Thomas ex Wolle)M.Perag.

Amphiprora ornata J.W.Bail.Entomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.Reimer

Amphiprora paludosa W.Sm.Entomoneis paludosa (W.Sm.) C.W.Reimer

Amphitropis ornata (J.W.Bail.) GrunowEntomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.Reimer

Amphora bullatoides M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Amphora calumetica (B.W.Thomas ex Wolle) M.Perag.Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz.Amphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. [orthographic

error]Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Amphora coffeaeformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Hust.Amphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Kütz. [orthographic

error]Amphora coffeaeformis (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Amphora coffeiformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Hust.[orthographic error]

Amphora coffeaeformis var. acutiuscula (Kütz.) Hust.

Amphora commutata GrunowAmphora crucifera A.Cleve

Amphora cruciferoides Stoermer & J.J.YangAmphora cruciferoides Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora delicatissima Krasske Amphora exigua W.Greg.Amphora fonticola Maill.Amphora gigas Ehrenb.

Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora hemicyla Stoermer & J.J.Yang [orthographic

error]Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J.J.Yang (see note 6)

Amphora huronensis Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora inariensis KrammerAmphora lanceolate var. ? [nom. illegit.]Amphora libyca Ehrenb.

Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) VanHeurck exDeToni

Amphora michiganensis Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora montana KrasskeAmphora neglecta Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora normanii Rabenh.Amphora oligotraphenta Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot

& MetzeltinAmphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz.Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) VanHeurck ex

DeToniAmphora ovalis var affins (Kütz.) Van Heurck

[orthographic error]Amphora ovalis var affinis (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex

DeToniAmphora ovalis var. constricta SkvortzovAmphora ovalis var. gracilis (Ehrenb.) Van Heurck

Amphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz.Amphora ovalis var. libyca (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Kütz.) Van Heurck exDeToni

Amphora ovalis var. minor H.H.Chase [nom. illegit.]Amphora ovalis var. minutissima (W.Sm.) Hurter

Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex DeToni

Amphora ovalis var. pediculatus (Kütz.) Van Heurck[orthographic error]

Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van HeurckAmphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) Van Heurck ex

DeToniAmphora ovalis var. ? [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. b [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. ? Kütz. [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. nov. [nom. illegit.] Amphora parallelistriata Mang.Amphora perpusilla (Grunow) Grunow in Van HeurckAmphora rotunda SkvortsovAmphora sibirica Skvortsov & K.I.Mey.Amphora subcostulata Stoermer & J.J.Yang Amphora submontana Hust. (see note 7)Amphora tenuistriata Mang. in Bourr. & Mang.Amphora thumensis (Mayer) A.CleveAmphora veneta Kütz.Amphora veneta var. angularis [nom. nud.]Amphora veneta var. capitata E.Y.Haw.

Diatom Checklist 521

Amphora oligotraphenta Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin

Aneumastus minor (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Aneumastus stroesei (Østrup) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannAneumastus tusculus (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in

Round, Crawford & Mann

Anomoeoneis costata (Kütz.) Hust.Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz.)

A.M.SchmidAnomoeoneis exilis Kütz.

Brachysira exilis (Kütz.) Round & D.G.MannAnomoeoneis follis (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Brachysira follis (Ehrenb.) R.Ross in B.HartleyAnomoeoneis sculpta (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.

Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll.Anomoeoneis serians (Bréb.) Cleve

Brachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round & D.G.Mann

Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Bréb.) Hust.Brachysira brebissonii R.Ross in B.Hartley

Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehrenb.) Pfitz.Anomoeoneis sphaerophora fo. costata (Kütz.)

A.M.SchmidAnomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll.Anomoeoneis styriaca (Grunow) Hust.

Brachysira styriaca (Grunow in VanHeurck) R.Ross in B.Hartley

Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in Patrick &Reimer

Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.HartleyAnomoeoneis zellensis (Grunow) Cleve

Brachysira zellensis (Grunow) Round & D.G.Mann

Anomoeoneis zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow) Hust.Brachysira zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow in Van

Heurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Poulin, Charles & Angell

Asterionella bleakleyi W.Sm.Asterionella falfsii W.Sm. [orthographic error]

Asterionella ralfsii W.Sm.Asterionella formosa Hass.Asterionella formosa var. acaroides Lemm.Asterionella formosa var. gracillima (Hantzsch) Grunow

in VanHeurckAsterionella formosa var. subtilis GrunowAsterionella gracillima (Hantzsch) Heib.Asterionella ralfsii W.Sm.

Attheya zachariasii BrunAcanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen

Aulacoseira agassizii (Ostenf.) SimonsenAulacoseira agassizii var. malayensis (Hust.) SimonsenAulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) KrammerAulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) SimonsenAulacoseira canadensis (Hust.) SimonsenAulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) SimonsenAulacoseira distans var. alpigena (Grunow) Simonsen

Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) KrammerAulacoseira distans var. limnetica (O.Müll.) SimonsenAulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) SimonsenAulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.)

SimonsenAulacoseira granulata var. angustissima fo. spiralis

(Hust.) Czarn. & ReinkeAulacoseira granulata var. muzzanensis (F.Meister)

SimonsenAulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) SimonsenAulacoseira islandica subsp. helvetica (O.Müll.)

SimonsenAulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) SimonsenAulacoseira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) SimonsenAulacoseira italica var. valida (Grunow) SimonsenAulacoseira italica subsp. subarctica (O.Müll.)

SimonsenAulacoseira lirata var. alpigena (Grunow) E.Y.Haw.Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw.Aulacoseira valilda (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer &

Lange-Bert.

Aulacosira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen [orthographicerror]

Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) SimonsenAulacosira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.)

Simonsen [orthographic error]Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.)

SimonsenAulacosira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen [orthographic

error]Aulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) Simonsen

Aulacosira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen [orthographicerror]

Aulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) SimonsenAulacosira italica subsp. subarctica (O.Müll.) Simonsen

[orthographic error]Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw.

Bacillaria paradoxa GmelinBacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) Hendy

522 Stoermer et al.

Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) Hendy

Biddulphia laevis Ehrenb.Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenb.) Compère

Brachysira exilis (Kütz.) Round & D.G.MannBrachysira follis (Ehrenb.) R.Ross in B.HartleyBrachysira brebissonii R.Ross in B.HartleyBrachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round & D.G.MannBrachysira sphaerophora (Kütz.) Round ex D.G.Mann

[transfer invalid] (see note 8)Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Kütz.) Pfitz.

Brachysira styriaca (Grunow in VanHeurck) R.Ross inB.Hartley

Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.HartleyBrachysira zellensis (Grunow) Round & D.G.MannBrachysira zellensis fo. difficilis (Grunow in

VanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hammilton, Poulin,Charles & Angell

Caloneis alpestris (Grunow) CleveCaloneis amphisbaena (Bory) CleveCaloneis bacillaris (W.Greg.) CleveCaloneis bacillaris var. thermalis (Grunow) A.CleveCaloneis bacillum (Grunow) CleveCaloneis bacillum var. fontinalis Hust.

Caloneis fontinalis (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Reichardt in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin

Caloneis bacillum var. lancettula (E.Schulz) Hust.Caloneis lancettula (E.Schulz) Lange-Bert. &

Witkowski in Lange-Bertalot & MetzeltinCaloneis clevei (Lagerst.) CleveCaloneis clevei var. undulata KrasskeCaloneis fontinalis (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Reichardt

in Lange-Bertalot & MetzeltinCaloneis formosa W.Greg.Caloneis hyalina Hust.Caloneis lamella Zakrz.Caloneis lancettula (E.Schulz) Lange-Bert. &

Witkowski in Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Caloneis leptosoma (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer &

Lange-Bert.Caloneis lewisii R.M.PatrickCaloneis liber (W.Sm.) CleveCaloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickCaloneis limosa var. gibberula (Kütz.) GrunowCaloneis limosa var. subinflata GrunowCaloneis limosa var. undulata GrunowCaloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer &

Lange-Bert.Caloneis nubicola (Grunow) CleveCaloneis pulchra Messik.Caloneis pulchra var. interrupta Gandhi

Caloneis schumanniana (Grunow) CleveCaloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick

Caloneis schumanniana var. biconstricta GrunowCaloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick

Caloneis schumanniana var. lancettula Hust.Caloneis silicula (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Caloneis ventricosa (Ehrenb.) F.MeisterCaloneis silicula var. inflata (Grunow) CleveCaloneis silicula var. limosa (Kütz.) VanLand.

Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickCaloneis silicula var. undulata (Grunow) CleveCaloneis silicula var. truncatula (Grunow) Cleve

Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) F.Meister

Caloneis silicata var. tumida Hust. [orthographic error]Caloneis silicula var. tumida Hust.

Caloneis tenuis (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer &Lange-Bert.

Caloneis undulata (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer &Lange-Bert.

Caloneis ventricosa (Ehrenb.) F.MeisterCaloneis ventricosa var. minuta (Grunow) R.M.PatrickCaloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) F.MeisterCaloneis ventricosa var. trunculata [orthographic error]

Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grunow) F.Meister

Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenb.Campylodiscus cribrosus W.Sm.Campylodiscus decorus Bréb.Campylodiscus echensis Ehrenb.Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehrenb.

Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Campylodiscus hibernicus var. ? [nom. illegit.]Campylodiscus noricus Ehrenb.Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernica (Ehrenb.) Grunow

[orthographic error]Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.)

GrunowCampylodiscus noricus var. hibernicus (Ehrenb.)

Grunow

Capartogramma crucicula (Grunow) R.Ross

Catacombus gaillonii (Bory) D.M.Williams & Round

Cavinula cocconeiformis (W.Greg. ex Grev.) D.G.Mann& Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cavinula intractata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert.& Metzeltin

Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle inRound, Crawford & Mann

Diatom Checklist 523

Cavinula lacustris (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann & Stickle inRound, Crawford & Mann

Cavinula pseudoscutiformis (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Sticklein Round, Crawford & Mann

Cavinula scutelloides (W.Sm.) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin

Cavinula scutiformis (Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann& Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) D.G.Mann & Stickle inRound, Crawford & Mann

Ceratoneis arcus (Ehrenb.) Kütz. (see note 9)Hannaea arcus (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick

Ceratoneis arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.) BrunHannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.)

R.M.Patrick

Chamaepinnularia begeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Chamaepinnularia soehrensis (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Chamaepinnularia mediocris (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Chamaepinnularia evanida (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

Chaetoceros hohnii Graebn. & WujekChaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum J.R.Johans. &

RushforthChaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum J.R.Johans. &

Rushforth

Cocconeis diminuta Pant.Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer &

Lange-Bert.Cocconeis diminuta var. aegagropilae MurobuseCocconeis diruptoides Hust.Cocconeis disculus (Schum.) CleveCocconeis disculus var. diminuta (Pant.) A.Cleve

Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Cocconeis flexella (Kütz.) CleveEucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve

Cocconeis flexulla (Kütz.) Cleve [orthographic error]Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve

Cocconeis fluviatilis J.H.WallaceCocconeis japonica A.W.F.Schmidt

Cocconeis scutellum var. japonica(A.W.F.Schmidt) Skvortsov

Cocconeis lineata Ehrenb.Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenb.)

VanHeurckCocconeis neodiminuta Krammer in Krammer & Lange-

Bert.Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenb.Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb.Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Cocconeis placentula var. klinoraphis GeitlerCocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenb.) VanHeurckCocconeis placentula var. rouxii (Hérib. & Brun) CleveCocconeis rouxii Hérib. & Brun

Cocconeis placentula var. rouxii (Hérib. & Brun) Cleve

Cocconeis schlettum [orthographic error] Cocconeis rhombea Ehrenb.Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenb.Cocconeis scutellum var. japonica (A.W.F.Schmidt)

SkvortsovCocconeis scutellum var. parva (Grunow) CleveCocconeis thumensis Mayer Cocconeis thwaitesii W.Sm.

Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) CleveCocconeis transversalis W.Greg.

Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Grunow) Cleve

Cocconema cistula Hempr.Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb.) Kirchn.

Cocconema cymbiforme (Kütz.) Ehrenb.Cymbella cymbiformis C.Agardh

Cocconema fusidium Ehrenb.Cymbella affinis Kütz.

Cocconema gastroides (Kütz.) Pell.Cymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H. Perag.

Cocconema lanceolatum Ehrenb.Cymbella lanceolata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh

Cocconema parva W.Sm.Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) Cleve

Cocconema scotica W.Sm.Cymbella scotica W.Sm.

Colletonema lacustre VanHeurckCymbella lacustris (C.Agardh) Cleve

Comphonema constrictum Ehrenb. [orthographic error]Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb.

Coscinodiscus asteromorphus Ehrenb.Coscinodiscus curvatalus GrunowCoscinodiscus decrescens GrunowCoscinodiscus lacustris Grunow

Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & Locker

Coscinodiscus lanceolatum Ehrenb.Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb.Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenb.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

Coscinodiscus rothii (Ehrenb.) GrunowCoscinodiscus rothii var. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

524 Stoermer et al.

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

Coscinodiscus subsalsa Juhl.-Dannf.Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.)

Hust.Coscinodiscus subsalsus Juhl.-Dannf. [orthographic

error]Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.)

Hust.Coscinodiscus subtillis var. ? [nom. nud.]

Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust.

Coscinodiscus tuberculatus Grev.Coscinodiscus tuberculatus var. ? A.W.F.Schmidt [nom.

illegit.]

Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve & Grunow)D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cosmioneis pusilla (W.Sm.) D.G.Mann & Stickle inRound, Crawford & Mann

Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenb.Craspedodiscus microdiscus Ehrenb.

Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenb.

Craticula accomoda (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Man

Craticula cuspidata var. major (F.Meister) Czarn.Craticula subhalophila (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Craticula vixvisibilis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kütz.) D.M.Williams &Round

Ctenophora pulchella var. lacerata (Hust.) Bukht.Ctenophora pulchella var. lanceolata (O’Meara) Bukht.

Cyclostephanos costatilimbus (Kob. & Kob.) Stoermer,Håk. & Theriot.

Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round in Theriot,Håkansson, Kociolek, Round & Stoermer

Cyclostephanos invisitatus (M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.)Theriot, Stoermer & Håk.

Cyclostephanos tholiformis Stoermer, Håk. & Theroit

Cyclotella americana FrickeCyclotella antiqua W.Sm.Cyclotella atomus Hust.Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst.

Cyclotella bodanica-comta Eulenst.-(Ehrenb.) Kütz.[nom. illegit.]

Cyclotella bodanica var. michiganensis SkvortsovCyclotella bodanica var. stellata SkvortsovCyclotella caspia GrunowCyclotella catenata Brun Cyclotella cavita [nom. nud.]Cyclotella chaetoceras Lemm.Cyclotella comensis GrunowCyclotella compta (Ehrenb.) Kütz. [orthographic error]

Cyclotella comta (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Cyclotella comta (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Cyclotella comta var. bodanica GrunowCyclotella comta var. glabriuscula GrunowCyclotella comta var. oligactis (Ehrenb.) GrunowCyclotella comta var. radiosa GrunowCyclotella comta var. paucipunctata GrunowCyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin & GuillardCyclotella cyclopunctata Håk. & J.R.CarterCyclotella delicatula Hust.Cyclotella distinguenda Hust.Cyclotella distinguenda var. unipunctata (Hust.) Håk.Cyclotella dubia HilseCyclotella facetia M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Cyclotella gamma SovereignCyclotella glomerata Bachm.Cyclotella glomerata-stelligera Bachmann-Cleve &

Grunow [nom. illegit.]Cyclotella krammeri Håk.Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thwaites

Cyclotella meneghiana Kütz.Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. phanetophora Fricke

[orthographic error]Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. planetophora FrickeCyclotella kuetzingiana var. radiosa FrickeCyclotella kutzingiana Thwaites [orthographic error]

Cyclotella kuetzingiana ThwaitesCyclotella melosiroides (Kirchn.) Lemm.Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.Cyclotella meneghiniana fo. plana Fricke [nom. nud.]

Cyclotella meneghiniana var. plana FrickeCyclotella meneghiniana var. plana Fricke Cyclotella meneghiniana var. stellulifera Cleve &

GrunowCyclotella stelligera (Cleve & Grunow)

VanHeurckCyclotella michiganiana SkvortsovCyclotella nana Hust.

Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heim.Cyclotella ocellata Pant.Cyclotella ocellata-kutzingiana [nom. illegit.] Cyclotella operculata (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Cyclotella distinguenda Hust.

Diatom Checklist 525

Cyclotella operculata var. unipunctata (Fricke) Hust.Cyclotella distinguenda var. unipunctata (Hust.)

Håk.Cyclotella operculata unipunctata (Fricke) Hust. [nom.

illegit.]Cyclotella operculata var. unipunctata (Fricke)

Hust.Cyclotella planctonica Brunnth.Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust.Cyclotella quadriiunta (Schroeter) Hust.Cyclotella radiosa GrunowCyclotella rossii Håk.Cyclotella rotula Kütz.

Stephanodiscus rotula (Kütz.) HendeyCyclotella socialis SchuttCyclotella spinosa Schum.

Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb.Cyclotella stelligera (Cleve & Grunow) VanHeurckCyclotella striata (Kütz.) GrunowCyclotella striata var. bipunctata FrickeCyclotella strisignata Grunow [nom. nud.]Cyclotella temperei M.Perag. & Hérib.Cyclotella thienemannii var. minuscula JuriljCyclotella ucculata Pant. [orthographic error]

Cyclotella ocellata Pant.Cyclotella woltereckii Hust.

Cymatopleura angulata Grev.Cymatopleura apiculata W.Sm.Cymatopleura cochlea Brun Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm.Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.)

VanHeurckCymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer Cymatopleura hibernica W.Sm.

Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.) VanHeurck

Cymatopleura hibernica var. rhombica H.H.ChaseCymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm.Cymatopleura solea var. apiculata (W.Sm.) RalfsCymatopleura solea var. clavata O.Müll.Cymatopleura solea var. gracilis GrunowCymatopleura solea var. pfuhlii TorkaCymatopleura solea var. subconstricta O.Müll.Cymatopleura solea var. regula (Ehrenb.) GrunowCymatopleura spiralis H.H.Chase

Cymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer

Cymbella acutiuscula CleveCymbella aequalis W.Sm.Cymbella affinis Kütz.Cymbella amphicephala NägeliCymbella amphicephala var. subundulata Cleve

Cymbella anglica Lagerst.Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. ex Heib.

Cymbella angustata (W.Sm.) CleveCymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H.Perag.Cymbella aspera var. minor (VanHeurck) CleveCymbella austriaca GrunowCymbella brehmii Hust.

Encyonema brehmii (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella caespitosa BrunEncyonema caespitosum Kütz.

Cymbella cesatii (Rabenh.) Grunow ex A.W.F.SchmidtCymbella cistula (Ehrenb. in Hemprich & Ehrenb.)

Kirchn. in CohnCymbella cistula var. gibbosa Brun Cymbella cistula var. maculata (Kütz.) VanHeurck

Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb.) in Hemprich & Ehrenb.Kirchn. in Cohn

Cymbella cistula var. truncata Brun Cymbella cuspidata Kütz.Cymbella cuspidata fo. impressa FuseyCymbella cuspidata var. schulzii A.CleveCymbella cymbiformis C.AgardhCymbella delicatula Kütz.Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Lange-

Bert.Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) M.Florin Cymbella ehrenbergii Kütz.

Cymbella inaequalis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.Cymbella elginsis KrammerCymbella gastroides Kütz.

Cymbella aspera (Ehrenb.) H.Perag.Cymbella gracilis (Rabenh.) Cleve

Encyonema gracile Rabenh.Cymbella hauckii VanHeurckCymbella hebridica Grunow ex Cleve

Encyonema hebridicum (W.Greg) Grunow exCleve

Cymbella helvetica Kütz.Cymbella hustedtii Krasske Cymbella hybrida GrunowCymbella inaequalis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.Cymbella incerta (Grunow) CleveCymbella jordani GrunowCymbella lacustris (C.Agardh) Cleve

Encyonema lacustre (C.Agardh) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella laevis Nägeli ex Kütz.Cymbella lanceolata (C.Agardh) C.AgardhCymbella lata GrunowCymbella latens Krasske

Encyonema latens (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

526 Stoermer et al.

Cymbella leptoceros (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Cymbella leptoceros var. rostrata Hust.

Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Cymbella leptocerus (Ehrenb.) VanHeurck [orthographicerror]

Cymbella designata Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Cymbella lunata W.Sm.Encyonema lunatum (W.Sm. in Grev.) VanHeurck

Cymbella maculata Kütz.Cymbella mexicana (Ehrenb.) CleveCymbella microcephala GrunowCymbella microcephala var. crassa C.W.ReimerCymbella minuta Hilse

Encyonema minutum (Hilse ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella minuta var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) C.W.Reimer

Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Czarn.

Cymbella minuta var. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabenh.)C.W.Reimer

Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella minuta fo. latens (Krasske) C.W.ReimerCymbella moelleriana GrunowCymbella muelleri Hust.

Encyonema muelleri (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & M.Perag.)C.W.Reimer

Encyonema muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & M.Perag.) Czarn.

Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. ex Heib.Cymbella norvegica Grunow

Encyonema norvegica (Grunow) Bukht.Cymbella obtusa W.Greg.

Cymbella subaequalis fo. krasskei (Foged) C.W.Reimer

Cymbella obtusiuscula Kütz.Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) WolleCymbella parvula KrasskeCymbella pediculus Kütz.

Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Kütz.) VanHeurckCymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cleve

Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz.Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabenh.)

C.W.ReimerEncyonema auerswaldii Rabenh.

Cymbella prostrata var. caespitosa [nom. illegit.]Encyonema auerswaldii Rabenh.

Cymbella proxima C.W.Reimer

Cymbella pusilla GrunowCymbella rabenhorstii R.RossCymbella rhombiodea Boyer [orthographic error]

Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) CleveCymbella rotundata H.H.Chase

Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Cymbella rugosa Hust.

Encyonema rugosum (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Cymbella ruttneri Hust.Cymbella ruttneri var. obtusa Hust.Cymbella scotica W.Sm.Cymbella similis KrasskeCymbella sinuata W.Greg.

Reimeria sinuata (W.Greg.) Kociolek & StoermerCymbella sinuata var. ovata Hust. [nom. illegit.]Cymbella sinuata fo. antiqua (Grunow) C.W.Reimer

Reimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer

Cymbella sinuata fo. ovata (Hust.) Hust.Cymbella sinuata var. antiqua (Grunow) Cleve

Reimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer

Cymbella stomatophora GrunowCymbella tumida (Bréb.) VanHeurck

Cymbella subaequalis GrunowCymbella subaequalis fo. krasskei (Foged) C.W.ReimerCymbella subventricosa CholnokyCymbella triangularis (Ehrenb.) Cleve [orthographic

error]Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Cymbella triangulum (Ehrenb.) CleveEncyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Cymbella tumida (Bréb.) VanHeurckCymbella tumidula GrunowCymbella turgida W.Greg.

Cymbella elginsis KrammerCymbella turgida var. pseudogracilis Cholnoky

Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis(Cholnoky) Czarn.

Cymbella turgidula GrunowCymbella ventricosa C.Agardh

Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch in Rabenh.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann proparte

Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Rabenh.) D.G.Mannin Round, Crawford & Mann pro parte

Cymbellonitzschia diluviana Hust.

Cyratopleura eliptica (Bréb. et Goday) W.Sm.[orthographic error]

Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. et Goday) W.Sm.

Diatom Checklist 527

Cystopleura gibba (Ehrenb.) KuntzeRhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.

Cystopleura turgida (Ehrenb.) KuntzeEpithemia turgida (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Denticula elegans Kütz.Denticula frigida Kütz.

Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Kütz.) GrunowDenticula lauta J.W.Bail.Denticula tenuis Kütz.Denticula tenuis var. crassula (Nägeli) W.West &

G.S.West Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Kütz.) GrunowDenticula thermalis Kütz.

Diadesmis confervacea Kütz.Diadesmis contenta (Grunow ex VanHeurck) D.G.Mann

in Round, Crawford & MannDiadesmis contenta var. biceps (Arn. ms., Grunow in

VanHeurck) PoulinDiadesmis peregrina W.Sm.Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & Mann

Diatoma anceps (Ehrenb.) Kirchn.Meridion anceps (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams

Diatoma anceps var. linearis M.Perag.Diatoma ehrenbergii Kütz.Diatoma elongata C.Agardh

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma elongatum (Lyngb.) C.Agardh

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma elongatum var. minor GrunowDiatoma elongatum var. tenue (C.Agardh) VanHeurck

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma elongatum var. tenuis (C.Agardh) VanHeurck

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib.Diatoma hiemale var. mesodon (Ehrenb.) GrunowDiatoma tenue C.AgardhDiatoma tenue elongatum [nom. illegit.]

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma tenue var. elongarum Lyngb. [orthographic

error]Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.

Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb.Diatoma tenue var. pachycephala GrunowDiatoma tenue var. pachycephalum [orthographic error]

Diatoma tenue var. pachycephala GrunowDiatoma vulgare Bory Diatoma vulgare var. breve GrunowDiatoma vulgare var. ehrenbergii (Kütz.) GrunowDiatoma vulgare var. grande (W.Sm.) Grunow

Diatoma vulgare var. linearis VanHeurckDiatoma vulgare var. ovale (Fricke) Hust. [orthographic

error]Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Hust.

Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Hust.Diatoma vulgare var. producta Grunow

Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M.Schmidt

Diploneis boldtiana CleveDiploneis domblittensis (Grunow) CleveDiploneis elliptica (Kütz.) CleveDiploneis elliptica var. ladogensis CleveDiploneis elliptica var. pygmaea A.CleveDiploneis finnica (Ehrenb.) CleveDiploneis interrupta (Kütz.) CleveDiploneis marginestriata Hust.Diploneis oblongella (Nägeli) R.Ross Diploneis oblongella var. genuina (Nägeli ex Kütz.)

R.RossDiploneis oculata (Bréb.) CleveDiploneis ocellata ØstrupDiploneis ovalis (Hilse) CleveDiploneis papula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve Diploneis parma CleveDiploneis peterseni Hust.Diploneis pseudovalis Hust.Diploneis pseudoovalis Hust. [orthographic error]

Diploneis pseudovalis Hust.Diploneis puella (Schum.) CleveDiploneis pupula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve [orthographic

error]Diploneis papula (A.W.F.Schmidt) Cleve

Diploneis smithii (Bréb.) CleveDiploneis smithii var. pumila (Grunow) Hust.Diploneis subovalis Cleve

Ellerbeckia arenaria (Moore ex Ralfs) R.M.Crawford

Encyonema auerswaldii Rabenh.Encyonema brehmii (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannEncyonema caespitosum Kütz.Encyonema gracile Rabenh.Encyonema hebridicum (W.Greg.) Grunow ex CleveEncyonema lacustre (C.Agardh) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannEncyonema latens (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannEncyonema limula [nom. nud.]Encyonema lunatum (W.Sm. in Grev.) VanHeurckEncyonema minutum (Hilse ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann in

Round, Crawford & Mann

528 Stoermer et al.

Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis (Cholnoky)Czarn.

Encyonema muelleri (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Encyonema muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. & M.Perag.)Czarn.

Encyonema norvegica (Grunow) Bukht.Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz.Encyonema rugosum (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannEncyonema silesiacum (Bleisch ex Rabenh.) D.G.Mann

in Round, Crawford & MannEncyonema triangulatum Kütz.Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Encyonema turgidum (W.Greg.) GrunowEncyonema ventricosum Kütz.

Entomoneis alata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.Entomoneis ornata (J.W.Bail.) C.W.ReimerEntomoneis paludosa (W.Sm.) C.W.Reimer

Epithemia adnata (Kütz.) Bréb.Epithemia adnata var. minor (M.Perag. & Hérib.)

R.M.PatrickEpithemia adnata var. porcellus (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickEpithemia adnata var. proboscidea (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickEpithemia adnata var. saxonica (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickEpithemia alpestris W.Sm.Epithemia andrewsii Stoermer & J.J.Yang [nom. superf.]

Epithemia emarginata Andrews Epithemia argus (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Epithemia argus var. alpestris (W.Sm) GrunowEpithemia argus var. amphicephala Grunow

Epithemia argus var. alpestris (W.Sm.) GrunowEpithemia argus var. longicornis (Ehrenb.) GrunowEpithemia emarginata Andrews Epithemia frickei KrammerEpithemia gibba (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.Epithemia gibba var. parallela Grunow

Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll.Epithemia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) Grunow

Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) H.Perag.& M.Perag.

Epithemia gibberula (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.

Epithemia hyndmanni W.Sm.Epithemia intermedia Fricke

Epithemia frickei KrammerEpithemia muelleri Fricke Epithemia ocellata (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Epithemia reicheltii Fricke Epithemia smithii Carruthers

Epithemia sorex Kütz.Epithemia surex Kütz. [orthographic error]

Epithemia sorex Kütz.Epithemia turgida (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehrenb.) BrunEpithemia turgida var. plicata Meist. Epithemia turgida var. westermannii (Ehrenb.) GrunowEpithemia turgida var. zebrina (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.Epithemia ventricosa Ehrenb.

Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) H.Perag.& M.Perag.

Epithemia zebra (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Epithemia adnata (Kütz). Bréb.

Epithemia zebra var. porcellus (Kütz.) GrunowEpithemia adnata var. porcellus (Kütz.)

R.M.PatrickEpithemia zebra var. saxonica (Kütz.) Grunow

Epithemia adnata var. saxonica (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick

Eucocconeis depressa (Cleve) Hust.Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) CleveEucocconeis flexella var. alpestris (Brun) Hust.Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. (see note 3)Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (C.W.Reimer)

Stoermer & J.J.YangEucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (Guermeur &

Mang.) M.B.EdlundEucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (Guermeur &

Mang.) M.B.EdlundEucocconeis minuta (Cleve) Cleve

Eunotia acus [orthographic error]Eunotia arcubus Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bert. in

Lange-Bert.Eunotia arcus Ehrenb.Eunotia arcus var. bidens Grunow

Eunotia arcubus Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bert.in Lange-Bert.

Eunotia arcus var. fallax Hust.Eunotia bidens Ehrenb.Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst.Eunotia diodon Ehrenb.Eunotia exigua (Bréb.) Rabenh.Eunotia flexuosa Bréb. ex Kütz.Eunotia flexuosa var. eurycephala GrunowEunotia formica Ehrenb.Eunotia glacialis F.MeisterEunotia gracilis (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.

Eunotia glacialis F.MeisterEunotia granulata Ehrenb.

Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehrenb.) Brun Eunotia incisa W.Sm.

Diatom Checklist 529

Eunotia inflata (Grunow) Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot

Eunotia intermedia (Krasske) Nörpel-Schempp &Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot

Eunotia lunaris (Ehrenb.) GrunowEunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst.

Eunotia lunaris var. excisa GrunowEunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst.

Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh.Eunotia major var. impressa (W.Sm.) Rabenh.Eunotia microcephala Krasske Eunotia monodan (Ehrenb.) W.Sm. [orthographic error]

Eunotia monodon Ehrenb.Eunotia monodan var. major (W.Sm.) Hust.

[orthographic error]Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh.

Eunotia monodon Ehrenb.Eunotia monodontiforma Lange-Bert. & Nörpel in

Lange-Bert.Eunotia monodon var. major (W.Sm.) Hust.

Eunotia major (W.Sm.) Rabenh.Eunotia monodontiforma Lange-Bert. & Nörpel in

Lange-Bert.Eunotia naegelii Migula Eunotia parallela Ehrenb.Eunotia pectinalis (O.Müll.) Rabenh.Eunotia pectinalis var. minor (Kütz.) Rabenh.Eunotia pectinalis var. undulata (Ralfs) Rabenh.Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa GrunowEunotia pectinalis fo. minor (Dillwyn) Rabenh.Eunotia perpusilla GrunowEunotia praerupta Ehrenb.Eunotia praerupta var. bidens (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Eunotia bidens Ehrenb.Eunotia praerupta var. inflata Grunow

Eunotia inflata (Grunow) Nörpel & Lange-Bert. inLange-Bert.

Eunotia praerupta var. laticeps fo. curta GrunowEunotia praerupta Ehrenb.

Eunotia pseudolunaris Venkt.Eunotia robusta var. tetraedon (Ehrenb.) Ralfs

Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehrenb.) R.M.PatrickEunotia septentrionalis ØstrupEunotia serra Ehrenb.Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehrenb.) R.M.PatrickEunotia tenella (Grunow) Hust.Eunotia trinacria KrasskeEunotia valida Hust.Eunotia vanheurckii R.M.PatrickEunotia vanheurckii var. intermedia (Krasske)

R.M.PatrickEunotia intermedia (Krasske) Nörpel & Lange-

Bert. in Lange-Bert.

Eunotia woleirotii (Kütz.) Rabenh.Eunotia zebrina Ehrenb.

Epithemia turgida var. zebrina (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.

Fallacia fracta (Hust. ex Simonsen) D.G.Mann inRound, Crawford & Mann

Fallacia helensis (E.Schulz) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Fallacia monoculata (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Fallacia omissa (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford& Mann

Fallacia pseudomuralis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Fallacia pygmaea (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow in VanHeurck)D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Fallacia submitis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford& Mann

Fragellaria crotonensis Kitton [orthographic error]Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton

Fragilaria acuta Ehrenb.Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in

VanHeurck) D.M.Williams & RoundFragilaria arcus (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Hannaea arcus (Ehrenb.) R.M.PatrickFragilaria atomus Hust.Fragilaria bicapitata Mayer

Fragilariaforma bicapitata (Mayer) D.M.Williams& Round

Fragilaria bipunctata Ehrenb.Fragilaria capucina Desm.

Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow in VanHeurckPseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in

VanHeurck) D.M.Williams & RoundFragilaria brevistriata var. binodis (Pant.) A.CleveFragilaria brevistriata var. capitata Hérib.Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust.

Pseudostaurosira brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) M.B.Edlund

Fragilaria brevistriata var. subcapitata Grunow inVanHeurck [nom. illegit.]

Fragilaria capucina Desm.Fragilaria capucina var. acuta (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.Fragilaria capucina var. lanceolata GrunowFragilaria capucina var. mesolepta Rabenh.Fragilaria constricta Ehrenb.

530 Stoermer et al.

Fragilariaforma constricta (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Round

Fragilaria constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve) Hust.Fragilariaforma constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve)

PoulinFragilaria construens (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Staurosira construens Ehrenb.Fragilaria construens var. bigibba A.Cleve

Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.)M.B.Edlund

Fragilaria construens var. binodes (Ehrenb.) Grunow[orthographic error]

Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.)M.B.Edlund

Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.) GrunowPseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.)

M.B.Edlund (see note 10)Fragilaria construens var. capitata Hérib.

Staurosira construens var. capitata (Hérib.) Bukht.Fragilaria construens var. minuta Temp. & M.Perag.Fragilaria construens var. pumila GrunowFragilaria construens var. subsalina Hust.

Staurosira construens fo. subsalina (Hust.) Bukht.Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton, Poulin, Charles &Angell

Fragilaria crotenensis Kitton [orthographic error]Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton

Fragilaria crotonensis KittonFragilaria crotonensis var. oregona SovereignFragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata GrunowFragilaria crotonensis var. tenuissima [nom. nud.]Fragilaria entomon (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.Fragilaria gracillima Mayer

Synedra amphicephala var. austriaca (Grunow) Hust.

Fragilaria harrisonii GrunowStaurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams

& RoundFragilaria harrisonii var. dubia Grunow

Staurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) M.B.Edlund

Fragilaria harrisonii var. rhomboides GrunowStaurosirella leptostauron var. rhomboides

(Grunow) Bukht.Fragilaria heideni ØstrupFragilaria heideni var. istvanffyi (Pant.) Hust.Fragilaria inflata (Heiden) Hust.

Fragilaria heideni ØstrupFragilaria intermedia GrunowFragilaria intermedia var. continua A.CleveFragilaria intermedia var. fallax (Grunow) A.Cleve

Fragilaria intermiedia var. fallax (Grunow) A.Cleve[orthographic error]

Fragilaria intermedia var. fallax (Grunow) A.Cleve

Fragilaria intermedia var. lanceolata FuseyFragilaria kriegeriana Krasske

Kraskella kriegeriana (Krasske) R.Ross & P.A.Sims

Fragilaria lapponica GrunowStaurosirella lapponica (Grunow in VanHeurck)

D.M.Williams & RoundFragilaria leptostauron (Ehrenb.) Hust.

Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams& Round

Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow) Hust.Staurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow)

M.B.EdlundFragilaria leptostauron var. fossilis (Pant.) Z.RehákováFragilaria leptostauron var. rhomboides (Grunow) Hust.Fragilaria linearis Castracane

Fragilariopsis linearis (Castracane) Hust.Fragilaria minuscula Grunow non D.M.Williams &

Round (see note 11)Fragilaria mutabilis (W.Sm.) Grunow

Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Round

Fragilaria mutabilis var. intercedens Grunow inVanHeurck

Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow inVanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton,Poulin, Prévost, Angell & Edlund

Fragilaria nitzschioides GrunowFragilaria pantocsekii var. binodis (Pant.) A.Cleve

Fragilaria brevistriata var. binodis (Pant.) A.CleveFragilaria parasitica (W.Sm.) Grunow

Synedra parasitica (W.Sm.) Hust.Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenb.

Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & Round

Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow inVanHeurck) Hust.

Staurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow inVanHeurck) P.B.Ham. in Hamilton,Poulin, Prévost, Angell & Edlund

Fragilaria pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.) Hust.Staurosirella pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.)

Poulin in Poulin, Hamilton & ProulxFragilaria radians (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & RoundFragilaria rhomboides (Ehrenb.) DeToni [nom. nud.]Fragilaria spinosa SkvortsovFragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) J.B.Petersen (see note 12)Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitellata (Grunow)

R.M.Patrick

Diatom Checklist 531

Fragilaria vaucheriae var. fallax GrunowFragilaria vaucheriae var. lanceolata MayerFragilaria vaucheriae var. parvula (Kütz.) A.CleveFragilaria vaucheriae var. truncata (Grev.) GrunowFragilaria virescens Ralfs

Fragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) D.M.Williams & Round

Fragilaria virescense [orthographic error]Fragilaria virescens var. capitata Østrup

Fragilariforma virescens var. capitata (Østrup) Czarn.

Fragilaria virescens var. mesolepta (Rabenh.) Schönf.Fragilaria virescens var. oblongella Grunow

Fragilariaforma bicapitata (Mayer) D.M.Williams &Round

Fragilariaforma constricta (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams &Round

Fragilariaforma constricta fo. stricta (A.Cleve) PoulinFragilariforma virescens (Ralfs) D.M.Williams &

RoundFragilariforma virescens var. capitata (Østrup) Czarn.

Fragilariopsis linearis (Castracane) Hust.

Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer inLange-Bert.

Frustulia rhomboides (Ehrenb.) DeToniFrustulia rhomboides var. amphipleuroides (Grunow)

Cleve in Cleve & GrunowFrustulia rhomboides var. crassinervia (Bréb.) R.Ross Frustulia rhomboides var. saxonica (Rabenh.) DeToni

Frustulia saxonica Ehrenb.Frustulia rhomboides var. viridula (Bréb.) Cleve

Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer inLange-Bert.

Frustulia saxonica Ehrenb.Frustulia viridula (Bréb.) DeToniFrustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) DeToniFrustulia vulgaris var. capitata KrasskeFrustulia weinholdii Hust.

Gallionella distans Ehrenb.Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) Simonsen

Geissleria acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin inLange-Bert.

Geissleria declivis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Geissleria decussis (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in

Lange-Bert.Geissleria kriegeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Geissleria paludosa (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in

Lange-Bert.

Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzetlinin Lange-Bert.

Geissleria similis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin inLange-Bert.

Geissleria tectissima (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.Geissleria thingvallae (Østrup) Metzeltin & Lange-Bert.

in Lange-Bert.

Gloeonema paradoxum Ehrenb.Encyonema prostratum (Berk.) Kütz.

Gloeonema triangulatum Ehrenb.Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Gomphoneis eriense (Grunow) Skvortsov & K.I.Meyer Gomphoneis geitleri Kociolek & StoermerGomphoneis herculeana (Ehrenb.) CleveGomphoneis herculeana var. robusta (Grunow) CleveGomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson ex

R.Ross & P.A.SimsGomphoneis olivacea var. calcarea (Cleve) Poulin in

Poulin, Hamilton & ProulxGomphoneis quadripunctata (Østrup) P.A.Dawson ex

R.Ross & P.A.SimsGomphoneis quadripunctata var. cochleariformis

Kociolek & Stoermer

Gomphonema abbreviatum C.AgardhGomphonema abbreviatum var. inflata Hust.Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb.Gomphonema acuminatum var. brebissonii (Kütz.) CleveGomphonema acuminatum var. coronatum (Ehrenb.)

Rabenh.Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema acuminatum var. intermedia GrunowGomphonema acuminatum var. laticeps Ehrenb.

Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb.Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum GrunowGomphonema acuminatum var. pussilum Grunow

[orthographic error]Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum Grunow

Gomphonema acuminatum var. sphaerophora [nom.nud.]

Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehrenb.Gomphonema acuminatum var. trigonocephalum

(Ehrenb.) GrunowGomphonema acuminatum var. turris Ehrenb. (see note

13)Gomphonema turris Ehrenb.

Gomphonema affine Kütz.Gomphonema affine var. elongatum (Mayer) Millie &

R.L.LoweGomphonema affine var. insigne (W.Greg.)

G.W.Andrews

532 Stoermer et al.

Gomphonema americanum Ehrenb.Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema angustatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.Gomphonema angustatum var. citera (M.H.Hohn &

Hellerm.) R.M.PatrickGomphonema angustatum var. obtusatum (Kütz.) GrunowGomphonema angustatum var. productum Grunow

Gomphonema productum Lange-Bert. & Reichardt in Lange-Bert.

Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (W.Greg.)Grunow

Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus fo. undulata[nom. illegit.]

Gomphonema angustatum var. undulata GrunowGomphonema angustatum fo. undulata GrunowGomphonema apuncto J.H.WallaceGomphonema augur Ehrenb.Gomphonema bohemicum Reichelt & Fricke Gomphonema brasiliense GrunowGomphonema capitatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick

Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema consector M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Gomphonema constrictum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb.Gomphonema constrictum var. capitata (Ehrenb.)

VanHeurckGomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.)

R.M.PatrickGomphonema coronatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenb.Gomphonema crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. [nom. nud.] Gomphonema curvatum Kütz.

Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) GrunowGomphonema dichotomum Kütz.Gomphonema eriense Grunow

Gomphoneis eriense (Grunow) Skvortsov & K.I.Mey.

Gomphonema exilissima (Grunow) Lange-Bert. &Reichart in Lange-Bert.

Gomphonema geminata (Lyngb.) C.AgardhDidymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M.Schmidt

Gomphonema germainii Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema gracile Ehrenb. emend. VanHeurckGomphonema gracile var. cymbelloides GrunowGomphonema gracile var. dicotoma (Kütz.) GrunowGomphonema gracile var. naviculacea (W.Sm.) CleveGomphonema grovei M.Schmidt Gomphonema grovei var. lingulatum (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

in Krammer & Lange-Bert.Gomphonema grunowii R.M.PatrickGomphonema helveticum Brun

Gomphonema helveticum var. tenuis Hust.Gomphonema herculeanum Ehrenb.

Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehrenb.) CleveGomphonema herculeanum var. robusta Grunow

Gomphoneis herculeana var. robusta (Grunow) Cleve

Gomphonema intricatum Kütz. (see note 14) Gomphonema vibrio var. intricatum (Kütz.) R.Ross

Gomphonema intricatum var. dichotomum (Kütz.)Grunow

Gomphonema dichotomum Kütz.Gomphonema intricatum var. fossilis Pant.

Gomphonema vibrio var. fossile (Pant.) R.RossGomphonema intricatum var. pumila Grunow (see note

15)Gomphonema vibiro var. pumilum (Grunow in

VanHeurck) R.RossGomphonema intricatum var. vibrio (Ehrenb.) Cleve (see

note 16)Gomphonema lanceolatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema grunowii R.M.PatrickGomphonema lanceolatum var. insignis (W.Greg.) Cleve

Gomphonema affine var. insigne (W.Greg.) Andrews

Gomphonema laticeps Ehrenb.Gomphonema leptocampum Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema lingulatum Hust.

Gomphonema grovei var. lingulatum (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Gomphonema longiceps Ehrenb.Gomphonema longiceps var. gracilis Hust. [nom. nud.]Gomphonema longiceps var. montana (Schum.) Hust.

Gomphonema montanum Schum.Gomphonema longiceps var. subclavatum GrunowGomphonema longiceps var. subclavatum fo. gracilis

Hust.Gomphonema longiceps fo. gracilis Hust.Gomphonema manubrium M.Schmidt & FrickeGomphonema manubrium M.Schmidt & Fricke sensu

Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema submehleri Kociolek & Stoermer

Gomphonema montanum Schum.Gomphonema obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.

[orthographic error]Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.

Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust.Gomphonema olivaceum var. olivaceoides (Hust.)

Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & KrammerGomphonema olivaceoides var. cochleariformis Mang.Gomphonema olivaceoides var. densestriata FogedGomphonema olivaceoides var. hutchinsoniana

R.M.Patrick

Diatom Checklist 533

Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kütz.Gomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson

ex R.Ross & P.A.SimsGomphonema olivaceum var. calcareum (Cleve) Cleve

Gomphoneis olivacea var. calcareum (Cleve) Poulin

Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissima Hust.Gomphonema olivaceum var. olivaceoides (Hust.)

Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & KrammerGomphonema olivacium (Lyngb.) Kütz. [orthographic

error]Gomphoneis olivacea (Hornemann) P.A.Dawson

ex R.Ross & P.A.SimsGomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz.Gomphonema parvulum var. exilissima Grunow

Gomphonema exilissima (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & E.Reichardt in Lange-Bert.

Gomphonema parvulum var. lagenula (Kütz.) Freng.Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz.

Gomphonema parvulum var. micropus (Kütz.) CleveGomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz.

Gomphonema parvulum var. subelliptica CleveGomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz.

Gomphonema productum Lange-Bert. & E.Reichardt inLange-Bert.

Gomphonema pseudoaugur Lange-Bert.Gomphonema pseudotenellum Lange-Bert.Gomphonema pygmaeum Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema quadripunctatum (Østrup) Wislouch

Gomphoneis quadripunctata (Østrup) P.A.Dawson ex R.Ross & P.A.Sims

Gomphonema robustum GrunowGomphonema sarcophagus W.Greg.Gomphonema semiapertum GrunowGomphonema sphaerophorum Ehrenb.Gomphonema subclavata fo. gracilis (Hust.) Woodhead

& Tweed Gomphonema subclavatum (Grunow) GrunowGomphonema subclavatum fo. gracilis (Hust.)

Woodhead & TweedGomphonema subclavatum var. mexicanum [nom.

illegit.] (see note 17)Gomphonema subclavatum var. mustela (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Gomphonema longiceps Ehrenb.Gomphonema submehleri Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema subtile Ehrenb.Gomphonema subtile var. sagitta (Schum.) CleveGomphonema superiorensis Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema tenellum Kütz.

Gomphonema pseudotenellum Lange-Bert.Gomphonema tergestinum (Grunow) Fricke Gomphonema trigonocephalum Ehrenb.Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenb.

Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehrenb.)R.M.Patrick in Patrick & Reimer

Gomphonema truncatum var. macilentum Kociolek &Stoermer

Gomphonema truncatum var. turgidum (Ehrenb.)R.M.Patrick in Patrick & Reimer

Gomphonema tumens Kociolek & StoermerGomphonema turgidum Grunow

Gomphonema truncatum var. turgidum (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick

Gomphonema turris Ehrenb.Gomphonema ventricosum W.Greg.Gomphonema ventricosum W.Greg. sensu Kociolek &

Stoermer 1987Gomphonema submehleri Kociolek & Stoermer

Gomphonema vibrio Ehrenb.Gomphonema vibrio var. fossile (Pant.) R.RossGomphonema vibrio var. intricatum (Kütz.) R.RossGomphonema vibrio var. pumilum (Grunow in

VanHeurck) R.Ross

Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.Gyrosigma exilis (Grunow) C.W.ReimerGyrosigma eximium (Thwaites) BoyerGyrosigma kuetzingii (Grunow) Cleve

Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J. W. Griff. & Henfr. (see note 18)

Gyrosigma macrum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff & Henfr.Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer sensu

Reimer in Patrick & ReimerGyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb.

Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer sensuKrammer & Lange-Bert.

Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) CleveGyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.Gyrosigma parkeri (M.B.Harrison) Elmore

Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb.Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb.Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabenh.) Cleve

Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sull. & Wormley) BoyerGyrosigma sciotense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve

[historical orthographic error of sciotoense]Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve

Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) CleveGyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer

sensu Krammer & Lange-Bert.Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.

Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.Gyrosigma spencerii var. curvula (Grunow) C.W.ReimerGyrosigma spencerii var. nodifera Grunow

Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer

534 Stoermer et al.

Gyrosigma strigile (W.Sm.) CleveGyrosigma strigilis (W.Sm.) Cleve

Gyrosigma strigilis (W.Sm.) CleveGyrosigma temperei CleveGyrosigma wormleyi (Sull.) Boyer

Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb.

Hannaea arcus (Ehrenb.) R.M.Patrick (see note 9)Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabenh.) R.M.PatrickHannaea arcus var. linearis Holmboe

Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow (see note 19)Hantzschia amphioxys var. capitata O.Müll.Hantzschia amphioxys var. vivax (Hantzsch) GrunowHantzschia virgata (Roper) Grunow in Cleve & GrunowHantzschia virgata var. capitellata Hust.

Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin &Witkowski

Hippodonta costulata (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin& Witkowski

Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin& Witkowski

Hippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin &Witkowski

Hippodonta lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-Bert.,Metzeltin & Witkowski

Hippodonta subcostulata (Hust.) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin& Witkowski

Homoeocladia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) ElmoreNitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W.Sm.

Hyalosynedra laevigata (Grunow) D.M.Williams &Round

Karayevia clevei (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Round& Bukht.

Karayevia laterostrata (Hust.) Round & Bukht.Kobayasia jaagii (F.Meister) Lange-Bert.Kobayasia subtilissima (Cleve) Lange-Bert.

Kolbesia kolbei (Hust.) Round & Bukht.Kolbesia ploenensis (Hust.) Round & Bukht.

Krasskella kriegerana (Krasske) R.Ross & P.A.Sims

Luticola mutica (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford& Mann

Luticola cohnii (Hilse) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford &Mann

Luticola muticoides (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Luticola muticopsis (VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Lysigonium granulata (Ehrenb.) KuntzeAulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen

Lysigonium varians (C.Agardh) DeToniMelosira varians C.Agardh

Martyana martyi (Hérib.) F.E.Round in Round,Crawford & Mann

Mastogloia braunii GrunowMastogloia grevillei W.Sm.Mastogloia lacustris (Grunow) VanHeurck

Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris GrunowMastogloia smithii ThwaitesMastogloia smithii var. amphicephala GrunowMastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grunow

Melosira agassizii Ostenf.Aulacoseira agassizii (Ostenf.) Simonsen

Melosira agassizii var. malayensis Hust.Aulacoseira agassizii var. malayensis (Hust.)

SimonsenMelosira ambigua (Grunow) O.Müll.

Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) SimonsenMelosira arenaria Moore ex Ralfs

Ellerbeckia arenaria (Moore ex Ralfs) R.M.Crawford

Melosira binderana Kütz.Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz.) Willi Kreig.

Melosira canadensis Hust.Aulacoseira canadensis (Hust.) Simonsen

Melosira crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz.(see note 20)Melosira crenulata var. tenuis Kütz. (see note 20)Melosira crotonensis (J.W.Bail.) H.L.Sm.

Melosira italica (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Melosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.Ross (see note 21)Melosira dickiei (Thwaites) Kütz.Melosira distans (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenb.) SimonsenMelosira distans var. alpigena Grunow

Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) KrammerMelosira distans var. limnetica O.Müll.

Aulacoseira distans var. limnetica (O.Müll.)Simonsen

Melosira granulata (Ehrenb.) RalfsAulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen

Melosira granulata var. angustissima O.Müll.Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O.Müll.)

SimonsenMelosira granulata var. angustissima fo. curvata

Grunow

Diatom Checklist 535

Melosira granulata var. angustissima fo. spiralisO.Müll.

Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima fo. spiralis (Hust.) Czarn. & Reinke

Melosira granulata var. muzzanensis (F.Meister) BethgeAulacoseira granulata var. muzzanensis

(F.Meister) SimonsenMelosira granulata fo. curvata GrunowMelosira granulata fo. spiralis GrunowMelosira granulata status a (O.Müll.) Hust. [nom.

illegit.]Melosira granulate [orthographic error]

Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) SimonsenMelosira islandica O.Müll.

Aulacoseira islandica (O.Müll.) SimonsenMelosira islandica subsp. helvetica O.Müll.

Aulacoseira islandica subsp. helvetica (O.Müll.) Simonsen

Melosira islandica-ambigua O.Müll. (Grunow) O.Müll.[nom. illegit.]

Melosira italica (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Aulacoseira italica (Ehrenb.) Simonsen

Melosira italica var. tenuis (Grunow) O.Müll.Melosira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) O.Müll.

Aulacoseira italica var. tenuissima (Grunow) Simonsen

Melosira italica var. valida GrunowAulacoseira valilda (Grunow) Krammer in

Krammer & Lange-Bert.Melosira italica subsp. subarctica O.Müll.

Aulacoseira subarctica (O.Müll.) E.Y.Haw.Melosira lacustris H.H.Chase [nom. nud.] Melosira longispina Hust.Melosira roseana Rabenh.

Melosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.RossOrthoseira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R.M.Crawford

(see note 21)Melosira undulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Melosira undulata var. normanii Arn.Melosira varians C.Agardh

Meridion anceps (Ehrenb.) D.M.WilliamsMeridion circulare (Grev.) C.AgardhMeridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) VanHeurckMeridion constrictum Ralfs

Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) VanHeurck

Meridion intermedium H.L.Sm.Meridion intermedium var. constrictum H.L.Sm.Meridion vernale C.Agardh

Meridion circulare (Grev.) C.Agardh

Microsiphona potamos WeberSkeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle &

Evensen

Navicula aboensis (Cleve) Hust.Navicula abiskoensis Hust.Navicula absoluta Hust.Navicula acceptata Hust.

Geissleria acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.

Navicula accomoda Hust.Craticula accomoda (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula affinis Ehrenb.Navicula agnita Hust.Navicula aikensis R.M.PatrickNavicula ambigua Ehrenb.

Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula ambigua var. craticularis Ehrenb.Craticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula americana Ehrenb.

Sellaphora americana (Ehrenb.) D.G.MannNavicula americana var. alastis M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Navicula amphibola CleveNavicula amphibola var. perrieri M.Perag. & Hérib.Navicula amphibola var. polymorpha FuseyNavicula amphiceros Kütz.

Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert.Navicula amphigomphus Ehrenb.

Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.)Mayer

Navicula amygdalina Hust.Navicula anatis M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Navicula anglica Ralfs sensu Hust.

Placoneis pseudanglica (Lange-Bert.) E.J.CoxNavicula anglica var. signata Hust.Navicula anglica var. subsalsa (Grunow) CleveNavicula angusta GrunowNavicula angustata W.Sm.Navicula appendiculata (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Pinnularia appendiculata (C.Agardh) CleveNavicula arvensis Hust.Navicula atomus (Kütz.) GrunowNavicula atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula atomus var. recondita (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula aurora SovereignNavicula bacillaris W.Greg.Navicula bacilliformis Grunow

Sellaphora bacilliformis (Grunow) Mereschk.Navicula bacillum Ehrenb.

Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann

536 Stoermer et al.

Navicula bacillium Ehrenb. [orthographic error]Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann

Navicula bacillus [orthographic error]Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann

Navicula balcanica Hust.Navicula begeri Krasske

Chamaepinnularia begeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Navicula bicapitata Lagerst.Navicula bicapitellata Hust.Navicula bicephala Hust.Navicula bicontracta Østrup

Oestrupia bicontracta (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & Krammer

Navicula binodis Ehrenb.Neidium binode (Ehrenb.) Hust.

Navicula brebissonii Kütz.Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabenh.

Navicula bryophila J.B.PetersenNavicula campylogramma Ehrenb.

Scoliopleura campylogramma (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.Navicula canalis R.M.PatrickNavicula capitata Ehrenb.

Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin & Witkowski

Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grunow) R.RossHippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert.,

Metzeltin & WitkowskiNavicula capitata var. linearis (Østrup) Stoermer &

KreisHippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert.,

Metzeltin & WitkowskiNavicula capitata var. lueneburgensis (Grunow)

R.M.PatrickHippodonta lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-Bert.,

Metzeltin & WitkowskiNavicula capitata var. lueneburgensis fo. elegans

ØstrupNavicula capitata var. lunenbergensis fo. elegans Østrup

[orthographic error]Navicula capitata var. lueneburgensis fo. elegans

ØstrupNavicula capitatoradiata GermainNavicula capsa M.H.HohnNavicula cardinalis Ehrenb.

Pinnularia cardinalis (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Navicula cari Ehrenb. (see note 22)Navicula cari var. angusta GrunowNavicula caroliniana R.M.PatrickNavicula cascadensis SovereignNavicula castutata [orthographic error]Navicula certa Hust. (non F.Meister 1934)

Navicula splendicula VanLand.Navicula cincta (Ehrenb.) Ralfs

Navicula cincta var. rostrata C.W.ReimerNavicula circumtexta F.MeisterNavicula citrus Krasske Navicula clamans Hust.Navicula clementis Grunow

Placoneis clementis (Grunow) E.J.CoxNavicula clementis var. linearis Brander Navicula clementis var. quadristigmata Mang.Navicula clementoides Hust.

Placoneis clementioides (Hust.) E.J.CoxNavicula cocconeiformis W.Greg. ex Grev.

Cavinula cocconeiformis (W.Greg. ex Grev.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford& Mann

Navicula confervacea (Kütz.) GrunowDiadesmis confervacea Kütz.

Navicula confervacea var. peregrina (W.Sm.) GrunowDiadesmis peregrina W.Sm.

Navicula constans var. symmetrica Hust.Navicula contenta Grunow

Diadesmis contenta (Grunow ex VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula contenta var. biceps (Arn. ms., Grunow inVanHeurck) Cleve

Diadesmis contenta var. biceps (Grunow in VanHeurck) Poulin

Navicula contraria R.M.PatrickNavicula costulata Grunow in Cleve & Grunow

Hippodonta costulata (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzelin & Witkowski

Navicula costuloides SkvortsovNavicula crucicula (W.Sm.) DonkinNavicula cryptocefalsa Lange-Bert.Navicula cryptocephala Kütz.

Navicula cryptocephala Lange-Bert.Navicula cryptocephala var. exilis (Kütz.) GrunowNavicula cryptocephala var. intermedia VanHeurck

Navicula capitatoradiata GermainNavicula cryptocephala var. lancettula (Schum.)

GrunowNavicula cryptocephala var. veneta (Kütz.) Rabenh.Navicula cryptocephaloides Hust.Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert.Navicula cuspidata (Kütz.) Kütz.

Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula cuspidata var. ambigua (Ehrenb.) CleveCraticula ambigua (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula cuspidata var. major F.Meister

Craticula cuspidata var. major (F.Meister) Czarn.Navicula declivis Hust.

Geissleria declivis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

Diatom Checklist 537

Navicula decussis ØstrupGeissleria decussis (Østrup) Lange-Bert. &

Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.Navicula densestriata Hust.Navicula detenta Hust.Navicula dicephala W.Sm.

Placoneis dicephala (W.Sm.) Mersechk.Navicula dicephala var. elginensis (W.Greg.) CleveNavicula dilata Ehrenb.

Neidium dilatatum (Ehrenb.) CleveNavicula diluviana Krasske

Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) M.Florin Navicula disputans R.M.PatrickNavicula dissipata Hust.Navicula distinctastriata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Navicula divergens (W.Sm.) Ralfs

Pinnularia divergens W.Sm.Navicula dubia Ehrenb.

Neidium dubium (Ehrenb.) CleveNavicula dulcis Krasske

Achnanthes incognita KrasskeNavicula elegans W.Sm.Navicula elginensis (W.Greg.) Ralfs

Placoneis elginensis (W.Greg.) E.J.CoxNavicula elginensis var. lata (M.Perag.) R.M.PatrickNavicula elginensis var. neglecta (Krasske) R.M.PatrickNavicula elginensis var. rostrata (Mayer) R.M.PatrickNavicula elliptica Kütz.

Diploneis elliptica (Kütz.) CleveNavicula elliptica var. minutissima Grunow

Diploneis puella (Schum.) CleveNavicula excelsa Krasske Navicula exigua (W.Greg.) Grunow

Placoneis exigua (W.Greg.) Mersechk.Navicula exigua var. capitata R.M.PatrickNavicula exiguiformis Hust.Navicula exiguoides Hust.Navicula exilis Kütz.

Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R.Ross in B.Hartley Navicula explanata Hust.Navicula farta Hust.Navicula festiva Krasske Navicula fracta Hust.

Fallacia fracta (Hust. ex Simonsen) D.G.Mann inRound, Crawford & Mann

Navicula gastriformis Hust.Navicula gastrum (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Placoneis gastrum (Ehrenb.) Mersechk.Navicula gastrum var. signata Hust.Navicula gibba (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Pinnularia gibba Ehrenb.Navicula gibbosa Hust.Navicula globiceps W.Greg.

Pinnularia globiceps W.Greg.Navicula globosa F.MeisterNavicula goeppertiana (Bleisch) H.L.SmithNavicula gottlandica GrunowNavicula gracilis Ehrenb.

Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müll.) BoryNavicula gracilis var. schizonemoides VanHeurck

Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (VanHeurck) R.M.Patrick

Navicula graciloides MayerNavicula graciloides Mayer sensu Hust.Navicula gregaria DonkinNavicula grimmei KrasskeNavicula gysingensis Foged Navicula halophila (Grunow) Cleve

Craticula halophila (Grunow) D.G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula halophila fo. tenuirostris Hust.Craticula vixvisibilis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

Navicula hambergii Hust.Navicula hantzschia [nom. nud.]Navicula hassiaca Krasske

Chamaepinnularia soehrensis (Krasske) Lange-Bert.

Navicula hasta Pant.Navicula helensis E.Schulz

Fallacia helensis (E.Schulz) D.G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula hemiptera Kütz.Pinnularia hemiptera (Kütz.) Rabenh.

Navicula heufleri GrunowNavicula heufleri var. leptocephala (Bréb.) R.M.PatrickNavicula hitchcockii Ehrenb.

Neidium hitchcockii (Ehrenb.) CleveNavicula hungarica Grunow

Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bert., Metzeltin & Witkowski

Navicula hungarica var. capitata (Ehrenb.) CleveNavicula capitata Ehrenb.

Navicula hungarica var. linearis ØstrupHippodonta linearis (Østrup) Lange-Bert.,

Metzeltin & WitkowskiNavicula hustedtii KrasskeNavicula hustedtii fo. obtusa (Hust.) Hust. (see note 23)Navicula imbricata Bock Navicula importuna Hust.Navicula incerta GrunowNavicula inflata DonkinNavicula inflexa (W.Greg.) Ralfs Navicula ingenua Hust.Navicula ingrata Krasske Navicula insignita Hust.Navicula insociabilis Krasske

538 Stoermer et al.

Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula insociabilis var. dissipatoides Hust.Navicula integra (W.Sm.) Ralfs Navicula interglacialis Hust.Navicula intractata Hust.

Cavinula intractata (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin

Navicula iridis Ehrenb.Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Navicula iridis var. affinis VanHeurckNeidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve

Navicula iridis var. amphigomphus Ehrenb.Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.)

Mayer Navicula iridis var. amphirhynchus Ehrenb.

Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Navicula iridis var. firma W.Sm.Neidium iridis (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Navicula iridis var. producta W.Sm.Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cleve

Navicula jaagii F.MeisterKobayasia jaagii (F.Meister) Lange-Bert.

Navicula jaernefeltii Hust.Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle

in Round, Crawford & MannNavicula jarnfeldtii Hust. [orthographic error]

Cavinula jaernefeltii (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Sticklein Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula jentzschii GrunowNavicula kotschyi Grunow (see note 24)Navicula krasskei Hust.Navicula kriegeri Krasske

Geissleria kriegeri (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Navicula lacunarum GrunowNavicula lacustris W.Greg.

Cavinula lacustris (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann & Sticklein Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula laevissima Kütz.Sellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.Mann

Navicula ladogensis CleveNeidium ladogense (Cleve) Stoermer & J.J.Yang

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. (see note 25)Navicula lanceolata var. cymbula (Donkin) CleveNavicula lanceolata var. tenuirostris SkvortsovNavicula latens Krasske

Geissleria thingvallae (Østrup) Metzeltin & Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert.

Navicula lateropunctata J.H.WallaceNavicula laterostrata Hust.

Navicula lenzii Hust.Navicula levanderi Hust.

Neidium levanderi (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltinin Lange-Bert.

Navicula limosa Kütz.Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick

Navicula limosa var. gibberula (Kütz.) GrunowCaloneis silicula var. limosa (Kütz.) VanLand.

Navicula limosa var. subinflata GrunowCaloneis silicula var. inflata (Grunow) Cleve

Navicula limosa var. undulata GrunowCaloneis silicula var. undulata (Grunow) Cleve

Navicula longa Ralfs Navicula longirostris Hust. (see note 26)Navicula lundstroemii Cleve

Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve & Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford& Mann

Navicula lundstromii [orthographic error]Cosmioneis lundstroemii (Cleve in Cleve &

Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford& Mann

Navicula luzonensis Hust.Navicula major Kütz.

Pinnularia major (Kütz.) Rabenh.Navicula maxima W.Greg.

Caloneis liber (W.Sm.) CleveNavicula mediocris Krasske

Chamaepinnularia mediocris (Krasske) Lange-Bert.

Navicula menisculoides Hust.Navicula menisculus Schum.Navicula menisculus var. krenneri A.CleveNavicula menisculus var. obtusa Hust.Navicula menisculus var. upsaliensis (Grunow in Cleve

& Grunow) Grunow in VanHeurckNavicula meniscus Schum.Navicula mesolepta Ehrenb.

Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Navicula mesolepta var. ? Ehrenb. [nom. illegit.] Navicula micropupula CholnokyNavicula minima GrunowNavicula minima var. okamurae SkvortsovNavicula minnewaukonensis Elmore Navicula minuscula GrunowNavicula minuscula var. alpestris Hust.Navicula minusculoides Hust.Navicula monoculata Hust.

Fallacia monoculata (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula muraliformis Hust.Navicula muralis Grunow

Diatom Checklist 539

Navicula mutica Kütz.Luticola mutica (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula mutica var. cohnii (Hilse) Grunow

Luticola cohnii (Hilse) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula mutica var. nivalis (Ehrenb.) Hust.Navicula mutica var. tropica Hust.

Navicula goeppertiana (Bleisch) H.L.SmithNavicula mutica var. undulata (Hilse) GrunowNavicula muticoides Hust.

Luticola muticoides (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula muticopsis VanHeurckLuticola muticopsis (VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in

Round, Crawford & MannNavicula neoventricosa Hust.Navicula nobilis (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Pinnularia nobilis (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.Navicula notha J.H.Wallace Navicula nyassensis O.Müll.

Sellaphora nyassensis (O.Müll.) D.G.MannNavicula nyassensis fo. minor O.Müll.Navicula obdurata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Navicula oblonga (Kütz.) Kütz.Navicula oblongum var. subcapitata Pant.Navicula odiosa J.H.Wallace Navicula omissa Hust.

Fallacia omissa (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula opportuna Hust.Navicula porifera var. opportuna (Hust.) Lange-

Bert. in Krammer & Lange-Bert.Navicula oppugnata Hust.Navicula ordinaria Hust.Navicula paanaensis A.CleveNavicula paca M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Navicula paludosa Hust.

Geissleria paludosa (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.

Navicula parva Ralfs Navicula paucivisitata R.M.PatrickNavicula pelliculosa Hilse Navicula peratomus Hust.Navicula peregrina (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Navicula permitis Hust.

Navicula atomus var. permitis (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula perpusilla (Kütz.) Grunow

Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula perrotettii (Grunow) CleveNavicula perrotettii var. enervis Hust.Navicula placenta Ehrenb.

Navicula placentula (Ehrenb.) Kütz.Placoneis placentula (Ehrenb.) Heinzerl.

Navicula placentula var. maculata Hust.Navicula placentula var. rostrata Mayer

Placoneis placentula fo. rostrata (Mayer) Bukht.Navicula platycephala O.Müll.Navicula platystoma Ehrenb.Navicula platystoma var. pantocsekii Wislouch & KolbeNavicula porifera var. opportuna (Hust.) Lange-Bert. in

Krammer & Lange-Bert. Navicula potzgeri C.W.ReimerNavicula praeterita Hust.Navicula praterita [orthographic error]

Navicual praeterita Hust.Navicula producta W.Sm.

Neidium productum (W.Sm.) CleveNavicula protracta (Grunow) CleveNavicula protracta var. elliptica Gallik Navicula protracta fo. subcapitata (Wislouch &

V.S.Poretzky) Hust.Navicula pseudanglica Lange-Bert.Navicula pseudobacillum Grunow

Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G. MannNavicula pseudoclementis Hust.Navicula pseudomuralis Hust.

Fallacia pseudomuralis (Hust.) D.G.Mann inRound, Crawford & Mann

Navicula pseudoreinhardtii R.M.PatrickNavicula pseudoscutiformis Hust.

Cavinula pseudoscutiformis (Hust.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula pseudoventralis Hust.Navicula punctata DonkinNavicula pupla [orthographic error]Navicula pupula Kütz.

Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Mereschk.Navicula pupula var. aquaeductae (Krasske) Hust.Navicula pupula var. bacillariodes GrunowNavicula pupula var. capitata Hust.

Sellaphora parapupula Lange.-Bert.Navicula pupula var. elliptica Hust.

Sellaphora pupula var. elliptica (Hust.) Poulin in Poulin, Hamilton & Proulx

Navicula pupula var. mutata (Krasske) Hust.Sellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert.

Navicula pupula var. rectangularis (W.Greg.) GrunowSellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. &

Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.Navicula pupula var. rostrata Hust.

Sellaphora pupula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Bukht.Navicula pusilla W.Sm.

Cosmioneis pusilla (W.Sm.) D.G.Mann & Sticklein Round, Crawford & Mann

540 Stoermer et al.

Navicula pygmaea Kütz.Fallacia pygmaea (Kütz.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula pygmaea var. producta [nom. nud.]Navicula quadripartita Hust.Navicula radiosa Kütz.Navicula radiosa var. intermedia [nom. nud.]Navicula radiosa var. parva J.H.Wallace

Navicula radiosafallax Lange-Bert.Navicula radiosa var. tenella (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Grunow in

VanHeurckNavicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert.

Navicula radiosafallax Lange-Bert.Navicula recondita Torka

Navicula atomus var. recondita (Hust.) Lange-Bert.

Navicula reinhardtii GrunowNavicula reinhardtii var. elliptica Hérib.Navicula rhomboides GrunowNavicula rhynchocephala Kütz.Navicula rhynchocephala var. amphiceros (Kütz.)

GrunowNavicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert.

Navicula rhynchocephala var. germainii (J.H.Wallace)R.M.Patrick

Navicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Lange-Bert.

Navicula rhynchocephala var. germanii (J.H.Wallace)R.M.Patrick [orthographic error]

Navicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Lange-Bert.

Navicula rhyncocephala Kütz. [orthographic error]Navicula rhynchocephala Kütz.

Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bert.Navicula rostellata Kütz.Navicula rotaeana (Rabenh.) Grunow

Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Bukht.Navicula rotaeana var. excentrica Grunow

Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Bukht.

Navicula rotunda Hust.Navicula sabiniana R.M.PatrickNavicula salinarum GrunowNavicula salinarum var. intermedia (Grunow) Cleve

Navicula capitatoradiata GermainNavicula saugerii Desm.Navicula schmassmannii Hust.Navicula schoenfeldii Hust.

Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzetlin in Lange-Bert.

Navicula schroeteri var. escambia R.M.PatrickNavicula schumanniana Grunow

Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.Patrick

Navicula sculpta Ehrenb.Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O.Müll.

Navicula scutelloides W.Sm.Cavinula scutelloides (W.Sm.) Lange-Bert. in

Lange-Bert. & MetzeltinNavicula scutiformis Grunow

Cavinula scutiformis (Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford& Mann

Navicula secreta Pant.Navicula secura R.M.PatrickNavicula semen Ehrenb.Navicula semenoides Hust.Navicula seminuloides Hust.Navicula seminulum Grunow

Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) D.G.MannNavicula seminulum var. hustedtii R.M.PatrickNavicula seminulum var. intermedia Hust.Navicula serians Kütz.

Brachysira serians (Bréb. ex Kütz.) Round and D.G.Mann

Navicula sigma Ehrenb.Navicula similis Krasske

Geissleria similis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.

Navicula simplex Krasske Navicula skabitschewskyi Sabelina Navicula smithii Bréb.

Diploneis smithii (Bréb.) CleveNavicula sovereignae Hust.Navicula sphaerophora Kütz.

Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehrenb.) Pfitz.Navicula splendicula VanLand.Navicula staurifera B.W.Thomas Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow (see

note 27)Navicula stroemii Hust.Navicula stroesei (Østrup) A.Cleve

Aneumastus stroesei (Østrup) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Navicula subbacillum Hust.Navicula subclementis Hust.Navicula subcostulata Hust.

Hippodonta subcostulata (Hust.) Lange-Bert.,Metzelin & Witkowski

Navicula subgastriformis Hust.Navicula subhalophila Hust.

Craticula subhalophila (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula subhamulata Grunow in VanHeurck

Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow in VanHeurck) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula subhamulata var. undulata Hust.

Diatom Checklist 541

Navicula submitis Hust.Fallacia submitis (Hust.) D.G.Mann in Round,

Crawford & MannNavicula submuralis Hust.Navicula subocculta Hust.Navicula subocculata Hust. [orthographic error]

Navicula subocculta Hust.Navicula subrhynchocephala Hust.Navicula subrotundata Hust.Navicula subrotundata fo. lanceolata Hust.Navicula subseminulum Hust.Navicula subsulcata Hust.Navicula subtilissima Cleve

Kobayasia subtilissima (Cleve) Lange-Bert.Navicula symmetrica R.M.PatrickNavicula tabellaria (Ehrenb.) Kütz.

Pinnularia tabellaria Ehrenb.Navicula tantula Hust.Navicula tecta Krasske

Geissleria tectissima (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.Navicula tenella (Bréb.) VanHeurck

Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bert.Navicula tenera Hust.Navicula termes Ehrenb. (see note 28)

Pinnularia termes Ehrenb.Navicula terminata Hust.Navicula texana R.M.PatrickNavicula tridentula KrasskeNavicula tridentula var. parallela Krasske Navicula trinodis Lewis

Caloneis lamella Zakrz.Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müll.) Bory Navicula tripunctata var. cuneata (Lauby) Stoermer &

J.J.YangNavicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (VanHeurck)

R.M.PatrickNavicula trochus Schum. (non Ehrenb. 1838)

Caloneis limosa (Kütz.) R.M.PatrickNavicula tumida W.Sm.

Navicula anglica Ralfs (see note 29)Navicula tuscula Ehrenb.

Anuemastus tusculus (Ehrenb.) D.G.Mann & Stickle in Round, Crawford & Mann

Navicula tuscula var. angulata Hust.Navicula tuscula fo. minor Hust.

Anuemastus minor (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula tuscula fo. obtusa Hust.Navicula tuscula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Hust.Navicula tuscula var. rostrata Hust.Navicula vanheurckii R.M.Patrick

Psammothidium bioreti (Germain) Round & Bukht.

Navicula varians W.Greg.

Navicula variostriata Krasske Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) D.G.Mann &

Stickle in Round, Crawford & MannNavicula vaucheriae J.B.PetersenNavicula ventosa Hust.

Chamaepinnularia evanida (Hust.) Lange-Bert.Navicula ventralis Krasske

Achnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. inLange-Bert. & Krammer

Navicula ventralis fo. simplex Hust.Achnanthes ventraloconfusa fo. simplex Lange-

Bert. in Lange-Bert. & KrammerNavicula verecunda Hust.

Sellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G. MannNavicula viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.

Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.Navicula viridula (Kütz.) Ehrenb.Navicula viridula var. avenacea (Bréb.) VanHeurckNavicula viridula var. germainii (J.H.Wallace) Lange-

Bert.Navicula viridula var. linearis Hust.Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Kütz.) CleveNavicula viridula var. tenella [orthographic error] Navicula vitabunda Hust.

Sellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G.MannNavicula vulpina Kütz.Navicula vulpina var. avenacea (Van Heurck)

R.M.PatrickNavicula wittrockii (Lagerst.) Temp. & M.Perag.

Sellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.MannNavicula zanoni Hust.Navicula zanoii Hust. [orthographic error]

Neidium affine (Ehrenb.) Pfitz.Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) CleveNeidium affine var. capitata MölderNeidium affine var. ceylonicum (Skvortsov) C.W.ReimerNeidium affine var. hankense (Skvortsov) C.W.ReimerNeidium affine var. humerus C.W.ReimerNeidium affine var. undulatum (Grunow) CleveNeidium amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Pfitz.

Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Mayer

Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer in Krammer &Lange-Bert.

Neidium apiculatum C.W.ReimerNeidium binode (Ehrenb.) Hust.Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst.) CleveNeidium bisulcatum var. baicalense (Skvortsov &

K.I.Mey.) C.W.ReimerNeidium bisulcatum var. undulatum O. Müll.

Neidium bisulcatum var. subundulatum (Grunow) C.W.Reimer in Patrick & Reimer

542 Stoermer et al.

Neidium calvum ØstrupNeidium dilatatum (Ehrenb.) CleveNeidium distincte-punctatum Hust.Neidium dubium (Ehrenb.) CleveNeidium dubium fo. constrictum (Hust.) Hust.Neidium hankensis SkvortsovNeidium hitchcockii (Ehrenb.) CleveNeidium iridis (Ehrenb.) CleveNeidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehrenb.) Mayer Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Cleve

Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer inKrammer & Lange-Bert.

Neidium iridis var. amplicata (Ehrenb.) Cleve[orthographic error]

Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenb.) Krammer inKrammer & Lange-Bert.

Neidium iridis var. vernalis Reich.Neidium kozlowi Mersechk.Neidium kozlowi var. baicalensis fo. robusta StoermerNeidium kozolwi Mersechk. [orthographic error]

Neidium kozlowi Mersechk.Neidium ladogense (Cleve) Stoermer & J.J.Yang Neidium levanderi (Hust.) Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin in

Lange-Bert.Neidium mirum KrasskeNeidium productum (W.Sm.) CleveNeidium sacoense C.W.ReimerNeidium temperei C.W.Reimer

Nitzschia accomodata Hust.Nitzschia acicularioides Hust.

Nitzschia spiculum Hust.Nitzschia acicularioides sensu R.E.M.Archibald non

Hust. 1930Nitzschia draveillensis Coste & Ricard

Nitzschia acicularis (Kütz.) W.Sm.Nitzschia acidoclinata Lange-Bert.Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) Van GoorNitzschia acula Hantzsch ex Cleve & GrunowNitzschia acuminata (W.Sm.) GrunowNitzschia acuta Cleve

Tryblionella acuta (Cleve) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Nitzschia adapta Hust.Nitzschia agnewii CholnokyNitzschia agnita Hust.Nitzschia amphibia GrunowNitzschia amphibia var. fossilis GrunowNitzschia amphibia var. frauenfeldii GrunowNitzschia amphicephala GrunowNitzschia amphioxoides Hust.Nitzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.

Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Nitzschia angustata (W.Sm.) GrunowTryblionella angustata W.Sm.

Nitzschia angustata var. acuta GrunowTryblionella angustata var. acuta (Grunow)

Bukht.Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bert.Nitzschia apiculata (W.Greg.) Grunow

Tryblionella apiculata W.Greg.Nitzschia archibaldii Lange-Bert.Nitzschia bacata Hust.Nitzschia bacata fo. linearis Hust.Nitzschia bremensis Hust.Nitzschia brevirostris Hust.Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabenh.) H.L.Sm.Nitzschia capitellata Hust.Nitzschia circumsuta (Bailey) GrunowNitzschia clausii HantzschNitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Nitzschia communis Rabenh.Nitzschia communis var. abbreviata GrunowNitzschia commutata GrunowNitzschia confinis Hust.Nitzschia debilis (Arn.) GrunowNitzschia delicatissima CleveNitzschia denticula GrunowNitzschia diserta Hust.Nitzschia dissidua [nom. nud.] Nitzschia dissipata (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia dissipata var. borneensis Hust.Nitzschia dissipata var. media (Hantzsch) GrunowNitzschia dissipata fo. undulata SovereignNitzschia draveillensis Coste & RicardNitzschia dubia W.Sm.Nitzschia elegens Hust.Nitzschia epiphytica Hust.Nitzschia epiphyticoides Hust.Nitzschia fasciculata GrunowNitzschia filiformis (W.Sm.) VanHeurckNitzschia filiformis var. conferta (P.G.Richt.) Lange-

Bert.Nitzschia flexa Schum.Nitzschia fluminenesis GrunowNitzschia fonticola GrunowNitzschia fonticola var. capitata A.CleveNitzschia fonticola var. pelagica Hust.Nitzschia fonticoloides SovereignNitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia frustulum var. minuta Grunow in VanHeurck

[orthographic error]Nitzschia frustulum var. minutula Grunow in Van

Heurck non Nitzschia frustulum var.minuta Pant.

Diatom Checklist 543

Nitzschia frustulum var. minutula Grunow in VanHeurck

Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grunow sensu Lange-Bert.Nitzschia frustulum var. perminuta GrunowNitzschia frustulum var. perpusilla (Rabenh.) GrunowNitzschia frustulum var. subsalina Hust.Nitzschia frustulum var. tenella GrunowNitzschia gandersheimiensis Krasske Nitzschia gessneri Hust.Nitzschia graciliformis Lange-Bert. & SimonsenNitzschia gracilis HantzschNitzschia graciloides Hust. (see note 30)Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenh.Nitzschia hantzschschiana [orthographic error]Nitzschia heufleriana GrunowNitzschia heufleuriana Grunow [orthographic error]Nitzschia hollerupensis FogedNitzschia holsatica Hust.Nitzschia homburgiensis Lange-Bert.Nitzschia hungarica Grunow

Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) D.G.MannNitzschia ignorata Krasske Nitzschia impressa Hust.Nitzschia inconspicua GrunowNitzschia incurvata var. lorenziana R.RossNitzschia innominata SovereignNitzschia insecta Hust.Nitzschia intermedia HantzschNitzschia interrupta (Reich.) Hust.

Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grunow) Lange-Bert.

Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse Nitzschia kuetzingiana var. exilis GrunowNitzschia kuetzingioides Hust.

Nitzschia pumila Hust. [cf. Lange-Bert.]Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse [orthographic error]

Nitzschia kuetzingiana HilseNitzschia lacunarum Hust.Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bert.Nitzschia lanceolatae [orthographic error] Nitzschia lauenburgiana Hust.

Nitzschia heufleriana GrunowNitzschia laurenburgiana Hust. [orthographic error]

Nitzschia heufleriana GrunowNitzschia levidensis (W.Sm.) GrunowNitzschia linearis (C.Agardh) W.Sm.Nitzschia linearis var. tenuis (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia liskipata [orthographic error] Nitzschia longissima (Bréb.) Ralfs Nitzschia longissima var. closterium (W.Sm.)

VanHeurckNitzschia longissima var. reversa GrunowNitzschia longissima fo. parva Grunow (see note 31)

Nitzschia lorenziana GrunowNitzschia incurvata var. lorenziana R.Ross

Nitzschia luzonensis Hust.Nitzschia macilenta W.Greg.Nitzschia mediocris Hust.Nitzschia microcephala GrunowNitzschia minutula GrunowNitzschia obsidialis Hust.Nitzschia obtusa W.Sm.Nitzschia obtusa var. scalpelliformis GrunowNitzschia ovalis Arn.Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W.Sm.Nitzschia palea var. debilis (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia palea var. sumatrana Hust.Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris Grunow (see note 31)Nitzschia paleacea GrunowNitzschia paleoides Hust.Nitzschia paradoxa (Gmelin) Grunow

Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F.Müll.) HendyNitzschia paradoza [orthographic error] Nitzschia parvula W.Sm.Nitzschia parvula var. terricola J.W.G.LundNitzschia perminuta (Grunow) M.Perag.Nitzschia philippinarum Hust.Nitzschia planctonica Hust.Nitzschia pseudoamphioxys Hust.Nitzschia pseudoatomus Stoermer [nom. nud.]Nitzschia pseudofonticola Hust.Nitzschia pumila Hust.Nitzschia pura Hust.Nitzschia pusilla GrunowNitzschia pusilla (Kütz.) Grunow emend. Lange-Bert.Nitzschia radicula Hust.Nitzschia recta HantzschNitzschia romana GrunowNitzschia rostellata Hust.Nitzschia scalaris (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Nitzschia sicula var. migrans (Cleve) Hasle Nitzschia sigma (Kütz.) W.Sm.Nitzschia sigma var. diminuta GrunowNitzschia sigma var. rigida (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia sigma var. sigmatella (W.Greg.) GrunowNitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W.Sm.Nitzschia sinuata W.Sm.Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grunow) Lange-Bert.Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grunow) GrunowNitzschia sociabilis Hust.Nitzschia sphaerophora A.CleveNitzschia spiculoides Hust.Nitzschia spiculum Hust.Nitzschia stagnorum Rabenh.Nitzschia stricta Hust.Nitzschia subacicularis Hust.

544 Stoermer et al.

Nitzschia subamphioxoides Hust.Nitzschia subcapitellata Hust.Nitzschia sublinearis Hust.Nitzschia subrostrata Hust.Nitzschia subrostroides CholnokyNitzschia subtilis (Kütz.) GrunowNitzschia subtilis var. paleacea Grunow

Nitzschia paleacea GrunowNitzschia tabellaria Grunow

Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grunow) GrunowNitzschia tarda Hust.Nitzschia tenuis W.Sm.Nitzschia thermalis (Ehrenb.) Auersw.Nitzschia thermalis var. intermedia GrunowNitzschia thermalis var. minor Hilse

Nitzschia homburgiensis Lange-Bert.Nitzschia tropica Hust.Nitzschia tryblionella Hantzsch in Rabenh.

Tryblionella gracilis W.SmNitzschia tryblionella var. debilis (Arn.) A.Mayer

Tryblionella debilis (Arn.) Grunow in Cleve &Grunow

Nitzschia tryblionella var. levidensis (W.Sm.) GrunowTryblionella levidensis W.Sm.

Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae GrunowTryblionella victoriae Grunow

Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hust.Nitzschia vulga CholnokyNitzschia vermicularis (Kütz.) HantzschNitzschia vexans GrunowNitzschia vitrea Norman Nitzschia woltereckii Hust.

Odontidium hymale [orthograhic error]Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib.

Odontidium mutabile W.Sm.Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams &

Round

Oestrupia bicontracta (Østrup) Lange-Bert. & KrammerOestrupia zachariasi (Reich.) Hust.Oestrupia zachariasi var. undulata (Schultz) Stoermer &

J.J.Yang

Opephora ansata M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Opephora martyi Hérib.

Martyana martyi (Hérib.) Round in Round, Crawford & Mann

Opephora pinnata Ehrenb.Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams &

Round

Orthoseira dickiei ThwaitesMelosira dickiei (Thwaits) Kütz.

Pinnularia abaujensis (Pant.) R.Ross Pinnularia abaujensis var. linearis (Hust.) R.M.PatrickPinnularia abaugensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick)

R.M.Patrick [orthographic error]Pinnularia abaujensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick)

R.M.PatrickPinnularia abaujensis var. rostrata (R.M.Patrick)

R.M.PatrickPinnularia abaujensis var. subundulata (Mayer)

R.M.PatrickPinnularia acrosphaeria W.Sm.Pinnularia amphioxys Ehrenb.Pinnularia appendiculata (C.Agardh) ClevePinnularia biceps W.Greg.Pinnularia biceps fo. petersenii R.Ross Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb.Pinnularia borealis var. rectangularis G.W.F.Carlson Pinnularia brandelii ClevePinnularia braunii (Grunow) ClevePinnularia braunii var. amphicephala (Mayer) Hust.Pinnularia braunii var. amphipalor [nom. nud.] Pinnularia brebissonii (Kütz.) Rabenh.Pinnularia brebissonii var. diminuta (Grunow) ClevePinnularia brevicostata ClevePinnularia burkii R.M.PatrickPinnularia cardinaliculus ClevePinnularia cardinalis (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Pinnularia cocconeis Ehrenb.Pinnularia dactylus Ehrenb.Pinnularia distinguenda ClevePinnularia divergens W.Sm.Pinnularia divergens var. bacillaris (M.Perag.) Mills Pinnularia divergens var. elliptica (Grunow) ClevePinnularia fasciata Lagerst.Pinnularia gentilis (Donkin) ClevePinnularia gibba Ehrenb.Pinnularia gibba var. linearis Hust.Pinnularia gibba var. parva (Ehrenb.) GrunowPinnularia gibba fo. subundulata Mayer Pinnularia globiceps W.Greg.Pinnularia globiceps var. krockii (Grunow) Cleve

Pinnularia krockii (Grunow) ClevePinnularia hemiptera (Kütz.) Rabenh.Pinnularia intermedia (Lagerst.) ClevePinnularia interrupta W.Sm.Pinnularia interrupta var. crassior (Grunow) Cleve (see

note 32)Pinnularia lundii Hust.

Pinnularia kriegeriana Krasske emend. FogedPinnularia krockii (Grunow) Cleve

Diatom Checklist 545

Pinnularia latevittata var. domingensis ClevePinnularia legumen (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.Pinnularia leptosoma (Grunow) Cleve

Caloneis leptosoma (Grunow) Krammer inKrammer & Lange-Bert.

Pinnularia leptosoma fo. erlangensis MayerPinnularia lundii Hust. Pinnularia major(maior) (Kütz.) Rabenh.Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Pinnularia microstauron (Ehrenb.) ClevePinnularia microstauron var. biundulata O. Müll.Pinnularia molaris (Grunow) Cleve

Caloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Pinnularia nobilis (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenb.) W.Sm.Pinnularia obscura Krasske Pinnularia radiosa W.Sm.Pinnularia rupestris HantzschPinnularia ruttneri Hust.Pinnularia semicruciata A.ClevePinnularia socialis (T.C. Palm.) Hust.Pinnularia stomatophora (Grunow) ClevePinnularia subcapitata W.Greg.Pinnularia subcapitata var. paucistriata (Grunow) ClevePinnularia subrostrata (A.Cleve) A.ClevePinnularia substomatophora Hust.Pinnularia sudetica HilsePinnularia tabellaria Ehrenb.Pinnularia tenuis W.Greg.

Caloneis tenuis (W.Greg.) Krammer in Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Pinnularia tenuis var. interrupta (Font.) A.ClevePinnularia termes Ehrenb.Pinnularia termitina (Ehrenb.) R.M.PatrickPinnularia tibetana Hust.Pinnularia torta (A.Mann) R.M.PatrickPinnularia trigonocephala ClevePinnularia undulata W.Greg.

Caloneis undulata (W.Greg.) Krammer inKrammer & Lange-Bert.

Pinnularia undulata var. subundulata GrunowPinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.Pinnularia viridis var. commutata (Grunow) Cleve

Placoneis clementioides (Hust.) E.J.CoxPlaconeis clementis (Grunow) E.J.CoxPlaconeis dicephala (W.Sm.) Mersechk.Placoneis elginensis (W.Greg.) E.J.CoxPlaconeis exigua (W.Greg.) Mersechk.Placoneis gastrum (Ehrenb.) Mersechk.Placoneis placentula (Ehrenb.) Heinzerl.Placoneis placentula fo. rostrata (Mayer) Bukht.

Plagiotropis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) C.W.Reimer inPatrick & Reimer

Plagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (Cleve)C.W.Reimer in Patrick & Reimer

Planothidium calcar (Cleve) Bukht. & RoundPlanothidium delicatulum (Kütz.) Round & Bukht.Planothidium dubium (Grunow) Round & Bukht.Planothidium ellipticum (A.Cleve) Round & Bukht.Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round & Bukht.Planothidium haukianum (Grunow) Round & Bukht.

[orthographic error]Planothidium hauckianum (Grunow) Round &

Bukht.Planothidium lanceolatum (Bréb.) Round & Bukht.Planothidium oestrupii (H.Bachm. & A.Cleve) Round &

Bukht.Planothidium perigallii (Brun & Hérib. in Hérib.) Round

& Bukht.

Pleurosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) GrunowGyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.

Pleurosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) W.Sm.Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.

Pleurosigma delicatulum W.Sm.Pleurosigma eximium (Thwaites) Cleve & Grunow

Gyrosigma eximium (Thwaites) Boyer Pleurosigma kuetzingii Grunow

Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grunow) Cleve (see note 18)

Pleurosigma obscurum W.Sm.Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.

Pleurosigma sciotense Sull.Gyrosigma sciotoense (Sull. & Wormley) Cleve

Pleurosigma spencerii GrunowGyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) J.W.Griff. & Henfr.

(see note 18)Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rabenh.

Pleurosigma spencerii var. minor Grunow [nom. nud.] Pleurosigma wormleyi Sull.

Gyrosigma reimeri Sterrenb.

Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenb.) Compère

Psammothidium abundans fo. rosenstockii (Lange-Bert.in Lange-Bert. & Krammer) Bukht.

Psammothidium altaicum (Poretzky) Bukht. & RoundPsammothidium bioreti (Germain) Bukht. & RoundPsammothidium didymum (Hust.) Bukht. & RoundPsammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Bukht. & Round (see

note 4)Psammothidium marginulatum (Grunow) Bukht. &

Round

546 Stoermer et al.

Psammothidium subatomoides (Hust.) Bukht. & RoundPsammothidium ventralis (Krasske) Bukht. & Round

Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow in VanHeurck)D.M.Williams & Round

Pseudostaurosira brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.)M.B.Edlund

Pseudostaurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenb.)M.B.Edlund [comb.illegit.]

Pseudoeunotia lunaris Ehrenb.

Reimeria sinuata (W.Greg.) Kociolek & StoermerReimeria sinuata fo. antiqua (W.Greg.) Kociolek &

Stoermer

Rhizosolenia eriense H.L.Sm.Urosolenia eriensis (H.L.Sm. in Briggs) Round &

R.M.Crawford in Round, Crawford &Mann

Rhizosolenia eriensis H.L. Sm. in BriggsUrosolenia eriensis (H. L. Sm. in Briggs) Round &

R.M.Crawford in Round, Crawford & MannRhizosolenia eriensis var. pusilla Wolosz. in Schröd.Rhizosolenia eriensis var. zachariasi (Brun) Playf.Rhizosolenia gracilis H.L.Sm.Rhizosolenia longiseta Zach.

Urosolenia longiseta (Zach.) M.B.Edlund & Stoermer

Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) GrunowRhoicosphenia curvata var. subacuta M. Schmidt

Rhopalodia argus W.Sm.Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Kütz.) Perag. &

M.Perag.Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenb.) O.Müll.Rhopalodia patallel (Grunow) O.Müll. [orthographic error]

Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll.Rhopalodia parallela (Grunow) O.Müll.

Rossithidium linearis (W.Sm.) Round & Bukht.Rossithidum pusillum (Grunow) Round & Bukht.

Rouxia californica var. minuta A.Cleve

Schizonema viridulum Bréb.Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bert. & Krammer in

Lange-Bert.Schizonema vulgare Thwaites

Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni

Scoliopleura campylogramma (Ehrenb.) Rabenh.

Sellaphora americana (Ehrenb.) D.G.MannSellaphora bacilliformis (Grunow) Mereschk.Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenb.) D.G.MannSellaphora laevissima (Kütz.) D.G.MannSellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert.Sellaphora nyassensis (O.Müll.) D.G.MannSellaphora parapupula Lange-Bert.Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Mereschk.Sellaphora pupula var. elliptica (Hust.) Poulin in Poulin,

Hamilton & ProulxSellaphora pupula var. mutata (Krasske) Poulin in

Poulin, Hamilton & ProulxSellaphora mutata (Krasske) Lange-Bert.

Sellaphora pupula fo. rostrata (Hust.) Bukht.Sellaphora pupula var. rectangularis (W.Greg.)

Mereschk.Sellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. &

Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.Sellaphora rectangularis (W.Greg.) Lange-Bert. &

Metzeltin in Lange-Bert.Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) D.G.MannSellaphora vitabunda (Hust.) D.G.Mann

Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) CleveSkeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle & EvensenSkeletonema potainus (Weber) Halse [orthographic

error]Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle &

EvensenSkeletonema subsalsum (A.Cleve) BethgeSkeletonema subsalsa (A. Cleve) Bethge [orthographic

error]Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge

Sphinctocystis elliptica (Kütz.) KuntzeCymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm.

Sphinctocystis librilis (Ehrenb.) HassallCymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm.

Stauroneis acuta W.Sm.Stauroneis acutiuscula M. Perag. & Hérib. in Hérib.Stauroneis agrestis J.B.PetersenStauroneis alabamae HeidenStauroneis amphioxys W.Greg.

Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Stauroneis anceps Ehrenb.Stauroneis anceps var. americana C.W.ReimerStauroneis anceps var. hyalina Brun & M. Perag.

Stauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Lange-Bert.

Diatom Checklist 547

Staruoneis anceps var. hylania Brun & M.Perag.[orthographic error]

Stauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in Lange-Bert.

Stauroneis anceps var. siberica GrunowStauroneis siberica (Grunow) Lange-Bert. &

Krammer in Lange-Bert.Stauroneis anceps fo. gracilis Rabenh.Stauroneis anceps fo. linearis (Ehrenb.) Hust.Stauroneis borrichii fo. subcapitata (J.B.Petersen) LundStauroneis dilatata Ehrenb.Stauroneis dilitata Ehrenb. [orthographic error]

Stauroneis dilatata Ehrenb.Stauroneis dilatata fo. baicalensis Skvortsov & K.I.Mey.Stauroneis dilata var. baicalensis Skvortsov & K.I.Mey.

[orthographic error]Stauroneis dilatata fo. baicalensis Skvortsov &

K.I.Mey.Stauroneis fluminea R.M.Patrick & FreeseStauroneis gracilis Ehrenb.Stauroneis gregorii Ralfs

Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann

Stauroneis kriegeri R.M.PatrickStauroneis kriegeri fo. undulata Hust.Stauroneis lauenburgiana Hust.Stauroneis linearis Ehrenb.Stauroneis livingstonii C.W.ReimerStauroneis neohyalina Lange-Bert. & Krammer in

Lange-Bert.Stauroneis nobilis var. baconiana (Stodd.) C.W.ReimerStauroneis obtusa Lagerst.Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.Stauroneis phoenicenteron var. brevis Dippel Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. gracilis (Ehrenb.) Hust.Stauroneis phoenicenteron var. intermedia (Dippel)

A.CleveStauroneis phoenicenteron fo. lanceolata (Kütz.) Brun Stauroneis phylloides Ehrenb.Stauroneis producta GrunowStauroneis semen Ehrenb.

Navicula semen Ehrenb.Stauroneis siberica (Grunow) Lange-Bert. & Krammer

in Lange-Bert.Stauroneis smithii GrunowStauroneis smithii var. borgei Ehrenb.Stauroneis smithii var. incisa Pant.Stauroneis smithii var. minima E.Y.Haw.Stauroneis smithii var. minuta E.Y.Haw. [orthographic

error]Stauroneis smithii var. minima E.Y.Haw.

Stauroneis stodderi Greenleaf

Staurophora amphioxys (W.Greg.) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Stauroneis amphioxys W. Greg.

Staurosira brevistriata Grunow (see note 33)Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow

Staurosira capucina Borzsc. (see note 33)Fragilaria capucina Desm.

Staurosira entomon Ehrenb. (see note 33)Fragilaria entomon (Ehrenb) Ehrenb.

Staurosira mutabilis (W.Sm.) Grunow (see note 33)Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenb.

Staurosira construens Ehrenb.Staurosira construens fo. subsalina (Hust.) Bukht.Staurosira construens var. capitata (Hérib.) Bukht.Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehrenb.) HamiltonStaurosira leptostauron var. dubia (Grunow)

M.B.Edlund

Staurosirella lapponica (Grunow in VanHeurck)D.M.Williams & Round

Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams &Round

Staurosirella leptostauron var. rhomboides (Grunow)Bukht

Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M.Williams & RoundStaurosirella pinnata var. intercedens (Grunow in

VanHeurck) Hamilton in Hamilton, Poulin,Prévost, Angell & Edlund

Staurosirella pinnata var. lancettula (Schum.) Poulin inPoulin, Hamilton & Proulx

Stenopterobia anceps (Lewis) Bréb.Stenopterobia cruvula (W.Sm.) KrammerStenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Bréb. ex VanHeurckStenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) VanHeurck

Stenopterobia curvula (W.Sm.) Krammer

Stephanodiscus alpinus Hust.Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehrenb.) GrunowStephanodiscus astraea var. intermedia Fricke Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutula (Kütz.) Grunow in

VanHeurckStephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve &

J.D.Möll.Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutulus (Kütz.) GrunowStephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz.) Willi Kreig.Stephanodiscus binderanus var. oestrupii (A.Cleve)

A.CleveStephanodiscus carconensis GrunowStephanodiscus carconensis var. pusilla Grunow

548 Stoermer et al.

Stephanodiscus consoicueporus Stoermer, Håk. &Theriot [orthographic error]

Stephanodiscus conspicueporus Stoermer, Håk. &Theroit

Stephanodiscus conspicueporus Stoermer, Håk. &Theriot

Stephanodiscus dubius (Fricke) Hust.Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round

Stephanodiscus hantzchii Grunow [orthographic error]Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow

Stephanodiscus hantzschii GrunowStephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow fo. hantzschiiStephanodiscus hantzschii var. pusilla GrunowStephanodiscus hantzschii fo. tenuis (Hust.) Håk. &

StoermerStephanodiscus hantzschii vel. tenius [nom. illegit.]Stephanodiscus invisitatus M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.

Cyclostephanos invisitatus (M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.) Theriot, Stoermer &Håk.

Stephanodiscus kutzingiana [nom. nud.]Stephanodiscus lucens Hust.

Thalassiocyclus lucens Håk. & MahoodStephanodiscus medius Håk.Stephanodiscus minutula (Kütz.) RoundStephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve & J.D.Möll.Stephanodiscus minutus Grunow

Stephanodiscus medius Håk.Stephanodiscus niagara Ehrenb. [orthographic error]

Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb.Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehrenb.Stephanodiscus niagarae var. magnifica Fricke Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håk.Stephanodiscus paruvs Stoermer & Håk. [orthographic

error]Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håk.

Stephanodiscus rotula (Kütz.) Hendey Stephanodiscus rotula var. minutula (Kütz.) GrunowStephanodiscus subsalsus (A.Cleve) Hust.

Skeletonema subsalsum (A.Cleve) Bethge Stephanodiscus subtilis (VanGoor) A.CleveStephanodiscus subtransilvanicus GasseStephanodiscus superiorensis Stoermer & TheriotStephanodiscus tenuis Hust.

Stephanodiscus hantzschii fo. tenuis (Hust.) Håk. & Stoermer

Stephanodiscus transilvanicus Pant.Stephanodiscus transsylvanicus Pant. [orthographic

error]Stephanodiscus transilvanicus Pant.

Stephanodiscus vestibulis Håk., Stoermer & Theriot

Striatella fenestrata (Lyngb.) KuntzeTabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz.

Striatella flocculosa (Roth) KuntzeTabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz.

Stsauroneis anceps Ehrenb. [orthographic error]Stauroneis anceps Ehrenb.

Surirella amphioxys W.Sm.Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. amphioxys

(W.Sm.) Hust.Surirella anceps Lewis

Stenopterobia anceps (Lewis) Bréb.Surirella angusta Kütz.Surirella angusta var. panduriformis W.Sm. [nom. nud.]

Surirella pinnata var. panduriformis W.Sm.Surirella angustata Kütz. [orthographic error]

Surirella angusta Kütz.Surirella apiculata W.Sm.Surirella bifrons Ehrenb.

Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust.Surirella birostrata Hust.Surirella biseriata Bréb. & Godey Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust.Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. amphioxys (W.Sm.)

Hust.Surirella biseriata var. bifrons fo. punctata MeisterSurirella biseriata var. constricta GrunowSurirella biseriata var. diminuta A.CleveSurirella biseriata var. orientalis SkvortsovSurirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bert.Surirella cardinalis Kitton Surirella delicatissima Lewis

Stenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Bréb. exVanHeurck

Surirella didyma Kütz.Surirella elegans Ehrenb.Surirella gracilis (W.Sm.) GrunowSurirella guatemalensis Ehrenb.Surirella iowensis R.L.LoweSurirella lagerheimii CleveSurirella librile Ehrenb.

Cymatopleura solea (Bréb. & Godey) W.Sm.Surirella linearis W.Sm.Surirella linearis var. constricta GrunowSurirella linearis var. helvetica (Brun) F.MeisterSurirella minuta Bréb. in Kütz.Surirella molleriana GrunowSurirella norvegica Eulenst.Surirella oregonica Ehrenb.Surirella ovalis Bréb.Surirella ovalis var. minuta VanHeurck

Surirella minuta Bréb.Surirella ovalis var. pinnata W.Sm. [orthographic error]

Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabenh.

Diatom Checklist 549

Surirella ovata Kütz.Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bert.

Surirella ovata var. africana CholnokySurirella ovata var. crumena (W.Sm.) Hust.Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabenh.Surirella ovata var. salina (W.Sm.) Rabenh.

Surirella minuta Bréb. in Kütz.Surirella panduriformis W.Sm.Surirella peisonis Pant.Surirella pinnata var. panduriformis (W.Sm.) Hust.Surirella regina JanischSurirella robusta Ehrenb.Surirella robusta var. armata Hust.Surirella robusta var. splendida (Ehrenb.) VanHeurckSurirella robustior MacKaySurirella saxonica Auersw.Surirella sigmoidea Ehrenb.Surirella spiralis Kütz.Surirella splendida Ehrenb.Surirella striata Leud-Fortm.Surirella striatula Turp.Surirella suecica GrunowSurirella suevica Zeller Surirella tenera W.Greg.Surirella tenera var. nervosa A. W. F. SchmidtSurirella tennuis [orthographic error]Surirella tenuis MayerSurirella tenuissima Hust.Surirella turgida W.Sm.Surirella undulata Ehrenb.

Synedra actinastroides Lemm.Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) VanGoor

Synedra acus Kütz.Synedra acus var. angustissima Grunow in VanHeurckSynedra acus var. radians (Kütz.) Hust.Synedra affinis Kütz.

Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round

Synedra amphicephala Kütz.Synedra amphicephala var. asiatica SkvortsovSynedra amphicephala var. austraica (Grunow) Hust.Synedra amphicephala var. intermedia A. CleveSynedra capitata Ehrenb.Synedra capitata var. fossilis [nom. nud.] Synedra capucina [nom. illegit.]

Fragilaria capucina Desm.Synedra chaseii B.W.Thomas

Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Synedra crotonensis Grunow

Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Synedra crotonensis var. prolongata Grunow

Fragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata Grunow

Synedra cyclopum Brutschy Synedra danica Kütz.

Synedra ulna var. danica (Kütz.) VanHeurckSynedra delicatissima W.Sm.Synedra delicatissima var. angustissima GrunowSynedra demerarae GrunowSynedra elongatum [nom. nud.]Synedra famelica Kütz.Synedra fameilica Kütz. [orthographic error]

Synedra famelica Kütz.Synedra familica Kütz. [orthographic error]

Synedra famelica Kütz.Synedra fasciculata (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round

Synedra fasciculata var. truncata (Grev.) R.M.PatrickTabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams

& RoundSynedra filiformis GrunowSynedra filiformis var. exilis A.CleveSynedra gaillonii (Bory) Ehrenb.

Catacombus gaillonii (Bory) D.M.Williams & Round

Synedra goulardi Bréb.Synedra goulardi var. fluviatilis (Lemm.) Freng.Synedra hyperborea GrunowSynedra hyperborea var. rostellata GrunowSynedra incisa Boyer Synedra laevigata Grunow

Hyalosynedra laevigata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Round

Synedra lanceolata Kütz.Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.

Synedra longiceps Ehrenb.Synedra longissima W.Sm.Synedra lunaris Ehrenb.

Eunotia curvata (Kütz.) Lagerst.Synedra mazamaensis SovereignSynedra menisculus [orthographic error]

Synedra minuscula Grunow in VanHeurckSynedra minuscula Grunow in VanHeurckSynedra montana KrasskeSynedra nana F.MeisterSynedra netronoides M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Synedra ostenfeldii (Willi Kreig.) A.CleveSynedra oxyrhynchus Kütz.

Synedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus (Kütz.) VanHeurckSynedra parasitica (W.Sm.) Hust.Synedra parasitica var. subconstricta (Grunow) Hust.Synedra pulchella Ralfs

Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Round

550 Stoermer et al.

Synedra pulchella var. lacerata Hust.Ctenophora pulchella var. lacerata (Hust.) Bukht.

Synedra pulchella var. lanceolata O’Meara Ctenophora pulchella var. lanceolata (O’Meara)

Bukht.Synedra radians Kütz.

Fragilaria radians (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & RoundSynedra rumpens Kütz.Synedra rumpens var. familiaris (Kütz.) Hust.Synedra rumpens var. fragilarioides GrunowSynedra rumpens var. meneghiniana GrunowSynedra rumpens var. scotia GrunowSynedra rumpens var. ? H.H.Chase [nom. illegit.] Synedra simalongis W.Sm.Synedra spathulifera Grunow

Synedra ulna var. spathulifera (Grunow) VanHeurck

Synedra splendens Kütz.Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.

Synedra stela M.H.Hohn & Hellerm.Synedra tabulata (C.Agardh) Kütz.

Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round

Synedra tenera W.Sm.Synedra tenuissima Kütz.Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.Synedra ulna var. aequalis (Kütz.) Hust.Synedra ulna var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) GrunowSynedra ulna var. biceps (Kütz.) Kirchn.Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Synedra ulna var. chaseii B.W.Thomas

Synedra ulna var. chaseana B.W.Thomas Synedra ulna var. claviceps Hust.Synedra ulna var. constricta Venkt.Synedra ulna var. contracta ØstrupSynedra ulna var. danica (Kütz.) VanHeurckSynedra ulna var. impressa Hust.Synedra ulna var. longissima (W.Sm.) Brun Synedra ulna var. obtusa (W.Sm.) GrunowSynedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus (Kütz.) VanHeurckSynedra ulna var. oxyrhynchus fo. mediocontracta

(Forti) Hust.Synedra ulna var. spathulifera (Grunow) VanHeurckSynedra ulna var. splendens (Kütz.) VanHeurck

Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb.Synedra ulna var. subaequalis (Grunow) VanHeurckSynedra utermohlii Hust.Synedra vaucheriae (Kütz.) Kütz.Synedra vaucheriae var. capitellata (Grunow) CleveSynedra vaucheriae var. truncata (Grev.) GrunowSynedra vitrea Kütz.

Synedra ulna var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenb.) Grunow

Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round

Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz.Tabellaria fenestrata var. asterionelloides GrunowTabellaria fenestrata var. geniculata A.CleveTabellaria fenestrata var. intermedia GrunowTabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz.Tabellaria flocculosa var. linearis KoppenTabellaria genestrata [orthographic error]

Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz.Tabellaria quadriseptata Knuds.Tabellaria trinodis Ehrenb.

Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz.

Terpsinoe musica Ehrenb.

Thalassiocyclus lucens Håk & Mahood

Tetracyclus rupestris (Braun) Grunow

Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & LockerThalassiosira fluviatilis Hust.

Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & Hasle

Thalassiosira incerta MarakovaThalassiosira guillardii HasleThalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle

Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenb.) Håk. & Locker

Thalassiosira levanderi VanGoor Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heim.Thalassiosira simplex Hust.Thalassiosira visurgis Hust.Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & Hasle

Tropidoneis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) ClevePlagiotropis lepidoptera (W.Greg.) C.W.Reimer

Tropidoneis lepidoptera var. proboscidea ClevePlagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (Cleve)

C.W.Reimer

Treyblionella scutellum (Bail.) W.Sm. [orthographicerror]

Nitzschia circumsuta (Bail.) Grunow

Tryblionella acuta (Cleve) D.G.Mann in Round,Crawford & Mann

Tryblionella angustata W.Sm.Tryblionella angustata var. acuta (Grunow) Bukht.Tryblionella apiculata W.Greg.Tryblionella debilis (Arn.) Grunow in Cleve & GrunowTryblionella gracilis W.Sm.Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) D.G.Mann

Diatom Checklist 551

Tryblionella levidensis W.Sm.Tryblionella victoriae GrunowUrosolenia eriensis (H.L.Sm.) Round & R.M.Crawford

in Round, Crawford & MannUrosolenia longiseta (Zach.) M.B.Edlund & Stoermer

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results of this update of the 1978 checklist (Sto-ermer and Kreis 1978) indicate that the increase intotal number of taxa listed (total number of lines) issubstantial. The 1978 checklist contained 59 ac-cepted genera (85 listed) and 1,264 accepted taxa(1,806 listed). The updated list contains 105 ac-cepted genera (124 listed) and 1,472 accepted taxa(2,188 listed). The majority of the total increase,however, is due to taxonomic and nomenclaturalchanges. Although the total number of taxa listedincreased by 21%, taxa added from various sourcesover the past 20 years as species and subordinateforms new to the Great Lakes accounted for 16.5%of the additions. The genera increase of 78% is duesolely to taxonomic changes.

Of the 144 taxa added to the updated checklist asnew to the Great Lakes, they originated from sev-eral sources. Approximately 50 species previouslyreported in the 1978 checklist have had the syn-onyms examined and diagnosed and were elevatedonto the species list as those which could reason-ably be observed in the Great Lakes. Slightly over100 taxa were added to the list from the Universityof Michigan FIDO/MASTERLIST data reductionand analysis system and the literature. It should benoted that approximately 65% of the total taxa re-ported on the list originate from the University ofMichigan FIDO and MASTERLIST compilation. Ahigh degree of confidence can be expressed in thecompleteness of this list and the associated bibliog-raphy (over 100 scientific documents were re-viewed for this update) and it is likely there is verylittle published literature that has not been exam-ined over the course of these efforts. The readershould be cognizant of the limitations and problemsthat are associated with floristic lists which must re-port taxa from the literature. Of concern is the qual-ity of taxonomic identification. In some cases, thesemust be relied upon because they cannot be veri-fied. These reports may be reasonable after reviewby the authors; however, it may be that initialmisidentifications occurred. In all cases of obscureor uncertain reports, the authors have used best pro-fessional judgement for determining correctness ofthe report.

OTHER TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONSREGARDING THE NEW NOMENCLATURE

AND CONFIDENCE

The new nomenclature has the portent for confu-sion. It has been applied using a good faith effort tobring the current thinking into the Great Lakes liter-ature. Changes made in taxonomic status during theintervening years have been incorporated; certainchanges are minor, others are widely-encompassingtaxonomic changes of entire genera. Genera whichhave undergone the greatest changes are Achnan-thes, Anomoeoneis, Cymbella, Fragilaria,Melosira, and Navicula. These changes can beproblematic when applied without an understandingof what has been proposed. There is confidence thatidentifications performed by the authors and othersare sufficiently accurate to permit the assigning ofthe new nomenclature without referring back toevery collection for verification. This “paper taxon-omy” is presented with the knowledge that theremay be some errors; however, a reasonable efforthas been made to determine the validity of eachtransfer (Appendix 1).

The primary additions from the literature duringthe past 20 years are diatoms associated with ben-thic, benthic-related, and periphytic habitats. Theseinclude a range of differing sand, sediment, rock,plant, and deep-water habitats which are consistentwith the numerous ecoregions and the physical di-versity within the scale of the Great Lakes. Undoubtedly, diatoms from benthic and benthic-re-lated habitats dominate the flora of the Great Lakesin terms of total taxa (greater than 80% of reportedtaxa). These habitats have been found to exhibitgreat diversity in terms of great species richnesswith hundreds of taxa within a single sample and ahigh evenness component (Stoermer 1980, Edsall etal. 1991). This range of benthic and benthic-relatedcommunities still remains largely unexplored withonly limited examination at this time. It is likelythat, in the future, these diverse habitats will yieldthe greatest number of species which have not beenpreviously observed for the Great Lakes. Clear evi-dence can be found as a basis for this projection.Kingston (1980) and Millie and Lowe (1981) stud-ied two of these habitats and reported a substantialnumber of species, not only new to the Great Lakes,but to North America.

Considerable monitoring and reporting of theplankton has been conducted on a wide scale fornumerous years, and changes have been noted inphytoplankton assemblages. However, planktonic

552 Stoermer et al.

forms constitute a relatively minor portion of theflora (less than 20%) and a considerably smallerfraction of the newly included taxa. It can be pro-jected that a disproportionately low number of newtaxa will be reported from the plankton. Some newplanktonic and benthic diatom species may be ob-served in open water sampling; however, a limitednumber will be euplanktonic in nature and thesewill probably be introduced/exotic species (Mills etal. 1993). Samples from paleolimnological studiesappear to have a much greater probability for dis-covering new Great Lakes diatom taxa than doesplankton sampling, but still a lower probabilitythan intensive benthic habitat investigations.

The past 20 years encompassed by this updatehas witnessed the passing of an era in terms of algalinvestigations, although the future will only recordthe accurate history. There has been a transitionaway from open water eutrophication studies and aconcurrent but unrelated increase in paleolimnolog-ical investigations. The history of Great Lakes di-atom research and studies has been previouslydiscussed (Davis 1966, Stoermer and Yang 1969,Tarapchak and Stoermer 1976, Kreis 1984). The de-velopment of diatom studies are generally parallelfor all of the Great Lakes and can be divided intothree major time periods with specific attributes.Great Lakes diatom records and specimens stillexist and date back to collections made during 1839(Bailey 1842, Ehrenberg 1845). In summary, thepre-1900 time frame and through the turn of thecentury can be characterized as a fascination bygentleman amateurs. It must be noted, however,that some of the primary descriptive work on theGreat Lakes diatom and algal flora was conductedat this time. From the turn of the century until about1960, taxonomic accounts of the diatom flora con-tinued but were more detailed and systematic. Thistime period was also characterized by planktoniccollections and quantitative abundance estimates.Many of these studies were in response to the waterquality problems of the times at drinking water fa-cilities. The emphasis of these studies was primar-ily on nearshore areas. After 1960, quantitativestudies of the offshore waters was the most strikingfeature of this time period. Certainly studies weregenerally more sophisticated and included not onlyspecies composition, but seasonal succession andvariability of assemblages which were coordinatedwith physical, chemical, and other biological data.Synoptic, lakewide, and regional surveys dominated this time period in regard to eutrophica-

tion and relationships to overgrowth of algal assemblages.

During the past 20 years, water column samplingfor eutrophication studies has dramatically de-creased, particularly from around the early 1980s.Although open lake and nearshore monitoring con-tinues, the intensity, frequency, and diverse applica-tions pales compared to previous efforts (Danforthand Ginsburg 1980; Hopkins and Lea 1982; Ross-mann 1986; Makarewicz 1988, 1993; Nicholls andHopkins 1993). In effect, the era of intensive openwater plankton sampling beginning in about 1960appears to have ended in the early 1980s. Some-what simultaneous to the reduced emphasis on openwater investigations, was the emergence of agreater number of paleoecological studies usingsediment cores. Although a limited number of pale-olimnological studies were conducted in the 1960sand 1970s (Reid 1961, Stoermer and Yang 1968,Peterson 1975, Duthie and Sreenivasa 1971, Parkerand Edgington 1976), the number of studies andrange of applications increased dramatically in the1980s and has continued into the 1990s. This gen-eral trend has also been observed on both a nationaland international basis. Most of these studies havebeen used to diagnose the impacts of a wide num-ber of cultural effects on a range of waterbodies andhabitats in the Great Lakes (Harris and Vollenwei-der 1982; Thayer et al. 1983; Stoermer et al. 1985a,1985b, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993; Wolin et al. 1988,1991; Yang et al. 1993) and elsewhere (Bradbury1986, Gasse et al. 1989, Whitmore 1989, Kingstonand Birks 1990, Dixit et al. 1992, Fritz et al. 1993).At this time, the development and maturation of pa-leoecological studies with multiple applications arewell documented.

Diatoms have been extensively used as indicatorsof a wide array of water quality conditions, re-sponses, and stressors. Diatoms are presently beingused or are proposed for use as indicators withinlarge national programs concerned with monitoringand assessment (previously cited) including theGreat Lakes (Cairns et al. 1991, Hedtke et al. 1992,Stevenson 1993, Stoermer and Andresen 1995). Di-atoms offer intrinsic values and logistical, ecologi-cal, and interpretative advantages as indicators.Commonly cited advantages and attributes of di-atoms as indicators include: base of the food web,biodiversity and ubiquity, influence on system cy-cling, ecologically sensitive, well-developed sam-pling and analysis methods, a range of metrics areavailable, robustness for statistical analyses, andcost effectiveness.

Diatom Checklist 553

The large number of species is consistent withthe group’s position as a low level in trophic orga-nization. Diversity of the Bacillariophyta withinthe Great Lakes is demonstrated by this checklist.It is especially apparent when compared to uppertrophic levels such as fish where only 100 or sospecies can be expected in any given system (Bailey and Smith 1981). Because of this great diversity, this checklist will aid in the consistencyof taxonomic treatment of Great Lakes diatom populations (particularly in light of the majornomenclatural changes which have and are occur-ring) and will prevent the loss of ecological information due to systematic mistreatment. It hasbeen recognized that species and assemblages exhibit sensitivities and tolerances/requirements todifferent variables and in some cases, indices developed (Hustedt 1930, Nygarrd 1949, Hutchin-son 1967, Cholnoky 1968, Lowe 1974, Stoermer1978, Beaver 1981, Carpelan 1986, Dixit et al.1992). Statistical techniques such as cluster analy-sis, principal component analysis, and canonicalcorrespondence analysis have been used in a widearray of studies to link environmental factors to diatom populations and assemblages (Stoermer and Ladewski 1982, Stoermer and Theriot 1985, Stoermer et al. 1985c, Kreis et al. 1985).These similarly have been applied in paleolimno-logical investigations (Stoermer et al. 1985a, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993, Wolin et al . 1988, 1991, Yang et al. 1993, ter Braake 1989, 1992, terBraake and Juggins 1993, Line et al. 1994, Birks1995).

It appears that further investigation and ex-ploratory studies of diatoms in different habitatswith particular emphasis on benthic and benthic-related habitats is needed. Critical studies in taxon-omy for flora and fauna have decreased. There hasbeen a noticeable decrease of activity in the GreatLakes region since the early to mid 1980s. Conse-quently, the expertise has not been passed along tothe next generation of scientists. It appears thatthere is a greater propensity for general countswithout critical study and delineation of species.Therefore, critical diagnosis of the flora is also apresent need. Typically, large numbers of speci-mens with numerical designations reside in taxo-nomic files without complete taxonomic treatment.It has also come to our attention that some journalsdo not necessarily encourage the publication of flo-ral and faunal lists.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge the very largenumber of individuals who have provided com-ments on the diatoms of the Great Lakes. We partic-ularly thank Keith Camburn for his comments andDr. Mark Edlund for proofing the species list. Weacknowledge the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, DuluthMN and Grosse Ile MI, for funding support through#5J1883NAEX and Project Officer Stephen J.Lozano. Additional support was provided by NSFgrant DEB 9521882. This is contribution number604 of the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sci-ences.

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Whitmore, T.J. 1989. Florida diatom assemblages asindicator of trophic status and pH. Limnol. Oceanogr.34:882–895.

Wolin, J.A., Stoermer, E.F., Schelske, C.L., and Conley,D.J. 1988. Siliceous microfossil succession in recentLake Huron sediments. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114(2):175–198.

———, Stoermer, E.F., and Schelske, C.L. 1991. Recentchanges in Lake Ontario 1981–1987: Microfossil evi-dence of phosphorus reduction. J. Great Lakes Res.17(2):229–240.

Yang, J.R., Duthie, H.C., and DeLorme, L.D. 1993.Reconstruction of the recent environmental history ofHamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario, Canada) from theanalysis of siliceous micro fossils. J. Great Lakes Res.19(1):55–71.

Submitted: 5 February 1999Accepted: 7 June 1999Editorial handling: Rex Lowe

APPENDIX 1—TAXONOMIC NOTES AND CONSIDERATIONS(References cited are documented in Appendix 3)

1. The concept of Achnanthes biasolettiana Hust. car-ried at the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences(formerly the Great Lakes Research Division) was basedupon Hustedt 1950. The entities assigned to Achnanthesbiasolettiana would be best associated with Lange-Beralot and Krammer’s Achnanthes rosenstockii Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bertalot and Krammer 1989. Round andBukhtiyatova (1996) based Psammothidium abundansfo. rosenstockii on Lange-Bertalot and Krammers’sAchnanthes rosenstockii. The nomenclatural changes arenoted for the morpholoical entity named Achnanthes bia-solettiana in publications originating from the Center forGreat Lakes and Aquatic Sciences.

2. Lange-Bertalot (1993) has synonymized Achnanthesgracillima (Meister) Mills non Hustedt 1927. The speci-men reported here is identified in reference to theHustedt concept emended by Foged. Hence the syn-onymy proposed by Lange-Bertalot is not included here.

3. Simonsen (1987) discusses the basis for transferringEucocconeis lapponica Hust. to Achnanthes quadrataera(Østrup) Möller ex Foged. Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot and Krammer (1989) suggests Achnanthes lap-ponica (Eucocconeis lapponica) be transferred toAchnanthes laevis var. quadratarea (Østrup) Lange-Bert.in Lange-Bert. & Krammer. Lange-Bertalot also sug-gested Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei be transferredto Achnanthes laevis var. ninckei (H. Guermer & Mang.)Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer. Round, Craw-ford and Mann (1990) suggested Eucocconeis be consid-ered a valid genus closely related to both Achnanthidiumand Cocconeis. The Eucocconeis designation wasretained pending further investigation into this little stud-ied, complex group.

4. The citation Psammothidium levanderi (Hust.) Czarn.in Czarn. & Edlund is an error in Round and Bukhti-yarova (1996). Psammothidium was erected in 1996 andCzarnecki and Edlund effected the change to Achnan-thidium in 1995.

5. Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1989)place Achnanthes sublaevis Hust. in synonymy withAchnanthes ventralis (Krasske) Lange-Bert. in Lange-Bert. & Krammer.

6. Amphora hemicycla Stoermer and Yang 1971The original publication of this name has in the proto-logue Amphora hemycyla with the plate legend havingAmphora hemicycla. Stoermer (1980) used Amphorahemicycla suggesting this is the intended name. Supportfor this argument is the plate legend and the habitatdescription of the taxon being primarily benthic in theprotologue. It is suggested the original publication con-tains an orthographic error and the proper spelling of thespecific epithet should be hemicycla not hemicyla.(Another interpretation for this may be hemicyla is not aproper word and subsequently needs to be corrected).

7. Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1985) proposeAmphora submontana Hust. as asynonym of Amphoramontana and cite their synonymy decision in 1986.Simonsen (1987) claims the wrong slide (i.e., specimen)was used for the decision. Lange-Bertalot and Krammer(1987) acknowledge the correct Hustedt type and main-tain their synonymy. The resolution of this problemrequires careful examination of the Hustedt and Krassketypes along with other collections to determine the vari-ablity existing within the taxa to determine whether thereare two distinct taxa or one taxon with a degree of vari-ability.

Diatom Checklist 557

8. This transfer has not been made by the authors indi-cated, and the transfer is not legitimate, as Anomoeoneissphaerophora is the type of Anomoeoneis.

9. In the Krammer and Lange-Bertalot Bacillario-phyceae (1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b) the minor genera inthe Fragilariaceae (i.e., Hannaea) are combined intoFragilaria. Here the classical smaller genera were keptalong with the modern approach.

10. The combination Staurosira construens var. binodis(Ehrenb.) Hamilton (1992) is an error. Fragilaria con-struens var. binodis is more properly placed in Pseu-dostaurosira.

11. The original list (Stoermer and Kreis 1978) reportedFragilaria minuscula Grunow. Williams and Round(1987) created a new combination Fragilaria miniscula(Grunow in Van Heurck) with the basionym Synedraminiscula Grunow in Van Heurck. It has not been possi-ble to determine if the record reported here is conspecificwith the synonymy of Williams and Round.

12. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot consider Fragilariavaucheriae and its varities to be Fragilaria capucina.

13. Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt in Lange-Bertalot 1993consider Gomphonema acuminatum var. turris (Ehrenb.)Cl. sensu Fricke to be Gomphonema contraturris Lange-Bert. & Reichardt. The application of this synonymy tothe Great Lakes specimens needs further investigation.

14. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom-phonema intricatum to be Gomphonema dichotomumKütz. This is also suggested in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a, p. 416).

15. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom-phonema intricatum var. pumila to be Gomphonemapumilum (Grunow) Krammer & Lange-Bert. This is alsosuggested in Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991a, p. 416).

16. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (1991) consider Gom-phonema intricatum var. vibrio to be Gomphonema vib-rioides Krammer & Lange-Bert.

17. In Patrick & Reimer (1975) Gomphonema subclava-tum var. mexicanum (Grunow) R.M.Patrick is includedand the name is credited as having been publilshed inHohn (1961). In Hohn (1961) the name appears only in alist. There is no written description or any indication thatit is a new variety. The name is invalidly publishedaccording to the International Code of Botanical Nomen-clature (Greuter et al. 1994).

18. This synonymy reported in the original list (Stoer-mer and Kries 1978) is incorrect according to Sterren-berg (1995). This synonymy is incompatable with thetaxon bearing the superfluous and illegitimate name G.spencerii (Sterrenburg 1995).

19. Lange-Bertalot (1993) has proposed Hantzschia

amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow pro parte to be Hantzschiaabundans. In order to apply this synonymy, re-examina-tion of the Great Lakes records needs to be conducted.

20. Melosira crenulata (Ehrenb.) Kütz. and Melosiracrenulata var. tenuis Kütz. present problems of interpre-tation. These are old names which by contemporary stan-dards were dumping grounds for Melosira specimens.Records at the Academy of Natural Science of Phildel-phia Diatom Herbarium demonstrate the problem. Eachof the Academy’s records have samples associated withthem so that verification can be made. Among the manyrecords for Melosira crenulata there are seven differentMelosira taxa listed in synonomy for various collections.Until the Great Lakes collections on which the M. crenu-lata records were based are examined it would be mostprudent to leave the names as they stand withoutattempts to suggest synonyms.

21. This combination comes from Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1991, p. 14) but R. M. Crawford has not madethe transfer (personal communication, Crawford). There-fore, Melosira roseana Rabenh. is a synonym ofMelosira dendroteres (Rabenh.) R. Ross.

22. Lange-Bertalot (1993) places Navicula cari Ehrenb.sensu Hustedt into his manuscript name Navicula cari-ocincta Lange-Bertalot. This synonymy is an attempt toclarify a taxonomic problem in this group of Navicula;however, it only adds to the confusion. The name Navic-ula cariocincta does not meet the criteria for valid publi-cation (Grueter et al. 1994).

23. In order to apply the synonymy proposed by Kram-mer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) for Navicula hustedtii fo.obtusa a thorough examination of the taxa Navicula lat-ersotrata Hust., Navicula hustedtii fo. obtusa Hust., Nav-icula hustedtii fo. japonica Hust., and Navicula absolutaHust. needs to be conducted.

24. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1986) have syn-onymized Navicula kotschyi Grunow sensu Hust. nonGrunow (Hustedt 1930) with Navicula pseudokotschyiLange-Bert. There is sufficient difference between Nav-icula kotschyi Grunow sensu Hust. non Grunow andNavicula kotschyi Grunow to warrent caution in placingthis synonymy in the list. It has not been possible to ver-ify the record of N. kotschyi Grunow with a referencespecimen to ascertain which concept was employed atthe time of identification.

25. Lange-Bertalot (1980) demonstrated Navicula lance-olata sensu Agardh, Navicula lanceolata Agardh sensuKütz., Navicula lanceolata Agardh sensu Ehrenb. andNavicula lanceolata Agardh sensu Hust. to be three dif-ferent species.

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Ehrenb. = Naviculalanceolata (C.Agardh) Ehrenb.

558 Stoermer et al.

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Naviculatrivialis Lange-Bert.

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. sensu Hust. =Navicula pseudolanceolata Lange-Bert.

It could be assumed that the majority of Navicula lance-olata records were identified with either Hustedt (1930)or Patrick and Reimer (1966) which present problems.Both authors cite (C.Agardh) Kütz. as the authority forthe taxon. Patrick states having examined the Agardhtype and established a lectotype (Agardh Herb. Lund No.3401 “Frustulia lanceolata” Ge.B.A. +4) then givesKützing as the authority. Adopting the synonymy ofLange-Bertalot (1980) would result in the following:

If Hustedt 1930 was used to identify a specimen the syn-onymy is:

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Naviculapseudolanceolata Lange-Bert.

If Patrick and Reimer 1966 was used to identify a speci-men the synonymy is:

Navicula lanceolata (C.Agardh) Kütz. = Naviculatrivialis Lange-Bert.

This is unsettling as Patrick in Patrick & Reimer (1966)clearly indicates Pl. 48, fig. 20 as a drawing of the lecto-type. This would mean identifications made usingPatrick & Reimer (1966) and citing Pl. 48, fig. 20 represent the Agardh type andshould not be considered Navicula trivialis Lange-Bert.

26. It is unlikely the record of Navicula longirostris iscorrect as the questionable transfer of N. longirostris toProschkinia would suggest a marine diatom in the GreatLakes.

27. VanLandingham 1975 suggested Navicula stau-roptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow to be a synonym ofPinnularia parva (Ehrenb.) W.Greg. This suggestion isnot tenable based on original illustrations of the taxa.Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.) Grunow isweakly capitate with a stauroid central area reaching themargin of the valve and striae which are radiate at thecenter and convergent at the poles while Pinnulariaparva (Ehrenb.) W.Greg. has rounded ends, a small cen-tral area which does not extend to the margin and striaeradiate throughout the valve. Based on the valve outline,strial pattern and central area, the two taxa do not appearto be similar. Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehrenb.)Grunow appears to be a Pinnularia but does not appearto be Pinnularia parva as VanLandingham suggests.

Resolution of this problem requires examination of thetype specimens.

28. The synonomy suggested by VanLandingham(1975) is untenable. O’Meara’s illustration of Naviculatermes does not resemble Ehrenberg’s 1841(1843) illus-trations of Pinnularia termes. Although Ehrenberg’sdescription is brief his illustration suggests a specimenwith striae crossing the valve face while O’Meara’s illus-tration has striae at the margin. The outlines are onlysuperficially similar. Resolution of this problem requiresinvestigation of the type specimens.

29. Mann in Round, Crawford and Mann (1990) erectedthe genus Scolioneis with the type Navicula tumida Bréb.The Great Lakes record of Navicula tumida W.Sm.should not be considered an authority citation error as itis not conspecific with Navicula tumida Bréb. rather N.tumida W.Sm. is more likely associated with Naviculaanglica Ralfs.

30. Depending on which Hustedt reference is used(Hustedt 1953, 1959) Lange-Bertalot in Krammer &Lange-Bertalot (1988) maintains different synonymies.

Hustedt 1953 Nitzschia graciloides = Nitzschia gracilisHantz.

Hustedt 1959 Nitzschia graciloides = Nitzschia gracili-formis Lange-Bert. & Simonsen

31. Bukhtiyarova (1995) proposed a number of nomen-clatural changes, a few of which the authors disagreewith. In this report Nitzschia longissima fo. parva is notconsidered synonymous with Nitzschia reversa andNitzschia palea var. tenuirostris is not synonymous withNitzschia capitellata. Accordingly these changes havenot been reported in the list.

32. Krammer (1992) transferred Pinnularia interruptavar. crassior (Grunow) Cleve to Pinnularia lindii Kram-mer. The concept of P. interrupta var. crassior carried atthe Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences(fromerly the Great Lakes Research Division) is moreconsistent with Pinnularia subrostrata ( A.Cleve)A.Cleve. Records from the Center for Great Lakes andAquatic Sciences for P. interrupta var. crassior shouldbe considered P. subrostrata, not P. lindii. Without fur-ther investigation the synonomy proposed by Van Land-ingham (1978) for P. subrostrata was not adopted.

33. These Staruosira designations are not in accor-dance with the modern usage of Williams & Round1987. They are from the first checklist (Stoermer andKreis 1978) and represent li terature reports ofStaurosira.

Diatom Checklist 559

Andresen, N.A., and Tuchman, M.L. 1991. Anomalousdiatom populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron in1983. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:144–149. (No newRecords)

Ayers, J.C., Southwick N.V., and Robinson, D.G. 1977.Benton Harbor power plant limnological studies.Part XXIII. Phytoplankton of the seasonal surveys of1974 and 1975 and initial pre- vs. post-operationalcomparisons at Cook Nuclear Plant. The Universityof Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division, SpecialReport 44, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Beeton, A.M., and Saylor, J.H. 1995. Limnology of LakeHuron. In The Lake Huron Ecocystem: Ecology, Fish-eries and Management, Munawar, M., T. Edsall and J.Leach (eds.), pp. 1–37. Ecovision World MonographSeries, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, TheNetherlands. (No new Records)

Brahce, M.Z. 1980. The vertical distribution of phyto-plankton and primary production in central LakeMichigan, July 1977. Master’s thesis, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Brooks, A.S., and Torke, B.G. 1977. Vertical and sea-sonal distribution of chlorophyll a in Lake Michigan.J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 34:2280–2287. (No newRecords)

———, Warren, G.J., Boraas, M.E., Scale, D.B., andEdgington, D. N. 1984. Long-term phytoplanktonchanges in Lake Michigan: Cultural eutrophication orbiotic shifts. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol .22:460–469. (No new Records)

Brown, C.L., and Manny, B.A. 1983. Nearshore phyto-plankton of Hammond Bay, Lake Huron. J. GreatLakes Res. 9:523–529. (Records)

Conley, D.J., Schelske, C.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1993.Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silicawith eutrophication. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser .101:179–192. (No new Records)

Danforth, W.F., and Ginsburg, W. 1980. Recent changesin the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan near Chicago.J. Great Lakes Res. 6:307–314. (No new Records)

Davis, C.O., Schelske, C.L., and Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1980.Influences of spring thermal bar, Section 7. In Limno-logical conditions in southern Lake Huron, 1974 and1975, C. L. Schelske, R.A. Moll and M.S. Simmons,pp. 140–164. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Min-nesota. EPA-600/3-80-074. (No new Records)

Duthie, H.C., Yang, J-R., Edwards, T.W.D., Wolfe,B.B., and Warner, B.G. 1966. Hamilton Harbour,Ontario: 8300 years of limnological and environmen-tal change inferred from microfossil and isotopicanalysis. J. Paleolimnol. 15:79–97. (No new Records)

Edsall, T.A., Stoermer, E.F., and Kociolek, J.P. 1991.

Periphyton accumulation at remote reefs and shoals inLake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:412–414. (Nonew Records)

Fahnenstiel, G.L., and Scavia, D. 1987. Dynamics ofLake Michigan phytoplankton: the deep chlorophylllayer. J. Great Lakes Res. 13:285–295. (No newRecords)

———, Schelske, C.L., and Moll, R.A. 1984. In situquantum efficiency of lake Superior phytoplankton. J.Great Lakes Res. 10:399–406. (No new Records)

Frederick, V.R. 1981. Preliminary investigation of thealgal flora in the sediments of Lake Erie. J. GreatLakes Res. 7:404–408. (Records)

Garono, R. J., Heath, R.T., and Hwang, S.-J. 1996. Den-trended correspondence analysis of photoplankton(sic) abundance and distribution in Sandusky Bay andLake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:818–829. (No newRecords)

Gray, I.M. 1987. Difference beween nearshore and off-shore phytoplankton communities in Lake Ontario.Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44:2155–2163. (No newRecords)

Harris, G.P., and R.A. Vollenweider. 1982. Paleolimno-logical evidence of early eutrophication in Lake Erie.Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:618–626. (No newRecords)

Hartig, J.H. 1987. Factors contributing to developmentof Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton pulses in Pigeon Baywaters of western Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res.13:65–77. (No new Records)

———, and Wallen, D.G. 1984. Seasonal variation ofnutrient limitation in western lake Erie. J. GreatLakes Res. 10:449–460. (No new Records)

Hasle, G.R. 1977. Morphology and taxonomy ofActinocyclus normanii f. subsalsa (Bacillario-phyceae). Phycologia 16:321–328. (No new Records)

Hasle, G.R. 1978. Some freshwater and brackish waterspecies of the diatom genus Thalassiossira Cleve.Phycologia 17:263–292. (Records)

Heath, R.T., Fahnenstiel, G.L., Gardner, W.S., Cavaletto,J.F., and Hwang, S.-J. 1995. Ecosystem-level effectsof zebra mussels (Dreissenia polymorpha): an enclo-sure experiment in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J.Great Lakes Res. 21:501–516. (No new Records)

Hedtke, S., Pilli, A., Dolan, D., McRae, G., Goodno, B.,Kreis, R., Warren, G., Swackhammer, D., and Henry,M. 1992. Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentProgram. EMAP—Great Lakes Monitoring andResearch Strategy. U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Research and Development, envi-ronmental research laboratory, EPA-620/3-80-066,Duluth, MN. (No new Records)

Holland, R.E. 1980. Seasonal fluctuations of major

APPENDIX 2—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE SEARCHEDFOR GREAT LAKES RECORDS

560 Stoermer et al.

diatom species at five stations across Lake Michigan,May 1970–October 1972. U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency, Office of Research and Development,ERL-Duluth, EPA-600/3-80-066, Duluth, MN. (Nonew Records)

———. 1993. Changes in planktonic diatoms and watertransparency in Hatchery Bay, Bass Island area, west-ern Lake Erie since the establishment of the zebramussel. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:617–624. (No newRecords)

Hopkins, G.J. 1983. The trophic status of nearshorewaters in southern Lake Huron at three Ontario watersupply intakes 1976–1981. Ontario Ministry of theEnvironment, Rexdale, Ontario. (No new Records)

———, and Lea, C. 1982. A ten-year study of phyto-plankton biomass and composition in the Nanticokeregion of Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. J. Great LakesRes. 8:428–438. (No new Records)

Institute of Water Research, Michigan State University.1976. The impact of thermal discharge from the Mon-roe Power Plant on the aquatic community in westernLake Erie. Institute of Water Research, TechnicalReport 32.6, Michigan State University, East Lansing,MI. (Records)

Keilty, T.J., Stoermer, E.F., and White D.S. 1988. Algalremains in some surface sediments of Lake Erie. J.Great Lakes Res. 14:164–170. (Records)

Kingston, J.C. 1978. Morphological variation of Cym-bella delicatula and C. hustedtii from northern LakeMichigan. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 97:311–319.(No new Records)

———. 1980. Characterization of benthic diatom com-munities in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan.Ph.D. dissertation, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, OH. (Records)

———. 1980. Morphological observations of Amphorathumensis (Mayer) A.Cl. using light and scanningelectron microscopy. Micron 11:9–10. (No newRecords)

———, Lowe, R.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1979. Attachedwinter floral assemblages on sand from Grand Tra-verse Bay, Lake Michigan. Micron 10:203–204. (Nonew Records)

———, Lowe, R.L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1980. The frus-tular morphology of Amphora thumensis (Mayer)A.Cl. from northern Lake Michigan and considerationof its systematic position. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc.99:276–283. (No new Records)

———, Lowe, R.L., Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, T.B.1983. Spatial and temporal distribution of benthicdiatoms in northern Lake Michigan. Ecology64:1566–1580. (Records)

Klarer, D.M. 1985. An annotated species list of the algaeof Old Woman Creek Estuary. Old Woman Creektechnical Report No. 3, Ohio Department of NaturalResources, Division of Natural Areas and US Depart-ment of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmos-

pheric Administration, National Ocean Service,Office of Ocean and coastal Resource Management,Sanctuary Programs Division (Records)

———, and Millie, D.F. 1992. Aquatic macrophytes andalgae at Old Woman Creek estuary and other GreatLakes coastal wetlands. J. Great Lakes Res .18:622–633. (No new Records)

———, and Millie, D.F. 1994. Regulation of phyto-plankton dynamics in a Laurentian Great Lakes estu-ary. Hydrobiologia 286:97–108. (Records)

Kociolek, J.P., and Stoermer, E.F. 1987. Geographic dis-tribution and variability of the diatom (Bacillario-phyceae) Gomphonema ventricosum Gregory. NovaHedwigia 45:223–236. (Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1990. Taxonomy and ultra-structure of some Gomphonema and Gomphoneis taxafrom the upper Great Lakes. Can. J. Bot .69:1557–1576. (Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1990. A new, highly variableGomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) species from theLaurentian Great Lakes. In Ouvrage dédié à laMémorie du Professeur Henry Germain., ed. M.Ricard, pp. 139–144. Koeltz, Koenigstein. (Records)

Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1984. Comparative analysis of 1980southern Lake Huron phytoplankton assemblages withconditions prior to nutrient loading reductions. Ph.D.dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,MI. (No new Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms of the Lau-rentian Great Lakes III. Rare and poorly-knownspecies of Achnanthes Bory and Cocconeis Ehr.(Bacillariophyta). J. Great Lakes Res. 5:276–291.(Records)

———, Ladewski, T.B., and Stoermer, E.F. 1983. Influ-ence of the St. Marys River plume on northern LakeHuron phytoplankton assemblages. J. Great LakesRes. 9:40–51. (No new Records)

———, Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, T.B. 1985. Phy-toplankton species composition, abundance, and dis-tribution in southern Lake Huron, 1980; including acomparative analysis with conditions in 1974 prior tonutrient loading reductions. Great Lakes ResearchDivision, The University of Michigan, Special ReportNo. 107, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Ladewski, B.G., Kreis, R.G., Jr., and Stoermer, E.F.1982. A comparative analysis of Lake Huron phyto-plankton assemblages after entrainment at selectedwater intake facilities. The University of Michigan,Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report 92,Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Larentyev, P.J., Gardner, W.S., Cavaletto, J.F., andBeaver, J.R. 1995. Effect of the zebra mussel (Dreis-sena polymorpha Pallas) on protozoa and phytoplank-ton from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great LakesRes. 21:545–557. (No new Records)

Lin, C.K., and Schelske, C.L. 1978. Effects of nutrientenrichment, light intensity and temperature on growth

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of phytoplankton from Lake Huron. University ofMichigan, Great Lakes Research Division SpecialReport 63, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Lowe, R.L. 1975. Comparative ultrastructure of thevalves of some Cyclotella species (Bacillariophyta). J.Phycol. 11:415–424. (No new Records)

———. 1981. The frustular morphology and distributionof Cyclotella gamma Sov. (Bacillariophyta). Proc.Iowa Acad. Sci. 88:82–84. (Records)

———, Rosen, B.H., and Kingston, J.C. 1982. A com-parison of epiphytes on Bangia atropurpurea(Rhodophyta) and Cladophora glomerata (Chloro-phyta) from northern Lake Michigan. J. Great LakesRes. 8:164–168. (No new Records)

Makarewicz, J.C. 1987. Phytoplankton and zooplanktoncomposition, abundance and distribution: Lake Erie,Lake Huron and Lake Michigan—1983. U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency Report. EPA-905/2-87-002.(Records)

———. 1987. Phytoplankton composition, abundance,and distribution: nearshore Lake Ontario and OswegoRiver and harbor. J. Great Lakes Res. 13:56–64. (Nonew Records)

———. 1988. Phytoplankton and zooplankton in LakesErie, Huron and Michigan: 1984. U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency Report. EPA-905/3-88-001.(Records)

———. 1991. Feasibility of shoreside monitoring of theGreat Lakes. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:344–360. (Nonew Records)

———. 1993. Phytoplankton biomass and species com-position in Lake Erie, 1970 to 1987. J. Great LakesRes. 19:258–274. (Records)

———, and Bertram, P. 1991. A lakewide comparisonstudy of phytoplankton biomass and its species com-position in Lake Huron, 1971 to 1985. J. Great LakesRes. 17:553–564. (Records)

———, Baybutt, R.I., and Damman, K. 1979. Changesin the apparent temperature optima of the plankton ofLake Michigan at Chicago, Illinois. J. Fish. Res.Board. Can. 36:1169–1173. (No new Records)

Millie, D.F., and Lowe, R.L. 1981. Diatoms new to Ohioand the Laurentian Great Lakes. Ohio J. Sci.81:195–206. (Records)

———, and Wee, J.L. 1981. Observations on the tube-dwelling diatom Navicula tripunctata var.schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr. using light and electronmicroscopy. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88(2):74–78. (Nonew Records)

Moll, R.A., Brahce, M.Z., and Peterson, T.P. 1984. Phy-toplankton dynamics within the subsurface chloro-phyll maximum of Lake Michigan. J. Plankton Res.6:751–766. (Records)

Munawar, M., and Munawar, I.F. 1978. Phytoplanktonof Lake Superior 1973 . J. Great Lakes Res.4:415–442. (Records)

———, and Munawar, I.F. 1979. A preliminary account

of Lake Huron phytoplankton, April–December 1971.Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Fisheries andMarine Service Technical Report No. 917, Burling-ton, Ontario, Canada. (No new Records)

———, and Munawar, I.F. 1981. A general comparisonof the taxonomic composition and size analysis of thephytoplankton of he North American Great Lakes.Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21:1695–1716. (Nonew Records)

———, and Munawar, I.F. 1982. Phycological studieson lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior. Can. J.Bot. 60:1873–1858. (No new Records)

———, Munawar, I.F., Culp, L.R., and Dupuis, G. 1978.Relative importance of nannoplankton in Lake Supe-rior phytoplankton biomass and community metabo-lism. J. Great Lakes Res. 4:462–480. (No newRecords)

———, Mudroch, A., Munawar, I.F., and Thomas, R.L.1983. The impact of sediment-associated contami-nants from the Niagara River mouth on various sizeassemblages of phytoplankton. J. Great Lakes Res.9:303–313. (No new Records)

———, Thomas, R.L., Norwood, W., and Mudroch, A.1985. Toxicity of Detroit River sediment-bound cont-aminants to ultraplankton. J. Great Lakes Res.11:264–274. (No new Records)

Nicholls, K.H., and Carney, E.C. 1979. The taxonomy ofBay of Quinte phytoplankton and the relative impor-tance of common and rare taxa. Can. J. Bot.57:1591–1608. (No new records)

———, and Hopkins, G.J. 1993. Recent changes in LakeErie (north shore) phytoplankton: cumulative impactsof phosphorus loading reductions and the zebra mus-sel introduction. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:637–647. (Nonew Records)

———, Carney, E.C., and Robinson, G.W. 1977. Phyto-plankton of an inshore area of Georgian Bay, LakeHuron, prior to reductions in phosphorus loading. J.Great Lakes Res. 3:79–92. (Records)

———, Standen, D.W., Hopkins, G.J., and Carney, E.C.1977. Declines in the near-shore phytoplankton ofLakes Erie’s western basin since 1971. J. Great LakesRes. 3:72–78. (No new Records)

———, Standen, D.W. and Hopkins, G.J. 1980. Recentchanges in the near-shore phytoplankton of LakeErie’s western basin at Kingsville, Ontario. J. GreatLakes Res. 6:146–153. (No new Records)

Pringle, C.M., White, D.S., Rice, C.P., and Tuchman,M.L. 1981. The biological effects of chloride and sul-fate with special emphasis on the Laurentian GreatLakes. Great Lakes Research Division, The Universityof Michigan, Publication 20, Ann Arbor MI. (No newRecords)

Richman, S., Sager, P.E., Banta, G., Harvey, T.R., andDestasio, B.T. 1984. Phytoplankton standing stock,size distribution, species composition and productiv-ity along a trophic gradient in Green Bay, Lake

562 Stoermer et al.

Michigan. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22:460–469. (No new Records)

Rosen, B.H. 1981. Observations of differential epi-phytism on Cladophora glomerata and Bangia atrop-urpurea from Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan.Micron 12:219–220. (No new Records)

Rossmann, R. 1986. Southeastern Nearshore LakeMichigan: Impact of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant. Great Lakes Research Division, The Universityof Michigan, Publication 22, Ann Arbor, MI. (No newRecords)

———, Miller, N.M., and Robinson, D.G. 1977. BentonHarbor power plant limnological studies. Part XXIV.Entrainment of phytoplankton at the Donald C. CookNuclear Plant—1975. The University of Michigan,Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report 44,Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

———, Chang, W., Damaske, L.D., and Yocum, W.L.1980. Entrainment of phytoplankton at the Donald C.Cook Nuclear Plant—1977. The University of Michi-gan, Great Lakes Research Division, Special Report67, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

———, Chang, W., and Barres, J. 1982. Benton Harborpower plant limnological studies. Part XXX. Entrain-ment of phytoplankton at the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant—1979. The University of Michigan, SpecialReport 44, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

Scavia, D. 1979. Examination of phosphorus cycling andcontrol of phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Ontariowith an ecological model. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can.36:1336–1346. (No new Records)

Sicko-Goad, L. 1982. A morphometric analysis of algalresponse to low dose, short-term heavy metal expo-sure. Protoplasma 110:75–86. (No new Records)

———, Stoermer, E.F., and Ladewski, B.G. 1977. Amorphometric method for correcting phytoplanktoncell volume estimates. Protoplasma 93:147–163. (Nonew Records)

Smith, R.E.H., and Manley, J.A. 1993. Photosyntheticcarbon assimilation and allocation by surface anddeep phytoplankton in Colpoys Bay (western Geor-gian Bay). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:2235–2244.(No new Records)

Stevenson, R.J. 1985. Phytoplankton composition, abun-dance and distribution in Lake Huron. U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency. Report EPA-905/3-85-004.(No new Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms from theGreat Lakes. II. Some rare or poorly known species ofthe genus Navicula. J. Great Lakes Res. 4:178–185.(Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1981. Quantitative differ-ences between benthic algal communities along adepth gradient in Lake Michigan . J. Phycol.17:29–36. (Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Seasonal abundance

patterns of diatoms on Cladophora in Lake Huron. J.Great Lakes Res. 8:169–183. (Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Luxury consumptionof phosphorus by five Cladophora epiphytes in LakeHuron. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 101:151–161. (Nonew Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Abundance patterns ofdiatoms on Cladophora in Lake Huron with respect toa point source of wastewater treatment plant effluent.J. Great Lakes Res. 8:184–195. (No new Records)

Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Diatoms from the Great Lakes. I.Rare or poorly-known species of the generaDiploneis, Oestrupia, and Stauroneis. J. Great LakesRes. 4:170–177. (Records)

———. 1978. Phytoplankton assemblages as indicatorsof water quality in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Trans.Amer. Microsc. Soc. 97:2–16. (Records)

———. 1980. Characteristics of benthic algal communi-ties in the upper Great Lakes. U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-ment, ERL-Duluth, Duluth, MN, EPA-600/3-80-073.(Records)

———. 1981. Diatoms associated with bryophyte com-munities growing at extreme depths in Lake Michi-gan. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88:91–95. (Records)

———. 1984. Research on Great Lakes algal communi-ties: problems from the past, lessons for the future. J.Great Lakes Res. 10:143–155. (No new Records)

———. 1993. Evaluating diatom succession: some pecu-larities of the Great Lakes case. J. Paleolimnol.8:71–83. (No new Records)

———, and Andresen, N.A. 1995. Diatom studies underEMAP Great Lakes. U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Research and Development, MED-Duluth and LLRS-Grosse Ile, MI. (Records)

———, and Kreis, R.G., Jr. 1980. Phytoplankton compo-sition and abundance in southern Lake Huron. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Researchand Development, ERL-Duluth, Duluth, MN, EPA-600/3-80-061. (Records)

———, and Ladewski, T.B. 1978. Phytoplankton associ-ations in Lake Ontario during IFYGL. The Universityof Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division, SpecialReport 62, Ann Arbor, MI. (No new Records)

———, and Ladewski, T.B. 1982. Quantitative analysisof shape variation in type and modern populations ofGomphoneis herculeana. Nova Hedwigia, Beih.73:347–386. (No new Records)

———, and Stevenson, R.J. 1979. Green Bay phyto-plankton composition, abundance and distribution.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V,EPA-905/3-79-002, Chicago, IL. (No new Records)

———, and Theriot, E. 1984. Principal componentanalysis of Stephanodiscus: Observations on twospecies from the Stephanodiscus niagarae complex.Bacillaria 7:37–58. (Records)

———, and Theriot, E. 1985. Phytoplankton distribution

Diatom Checklist 563

in Saginaw Bay. J. Great Lakes Res. 11:132–142. (Nonew Records)

———, and Tuchman, M.L. 1979. Phytoplankton assem-blages of the nearshore zone of southern Lake Michi-gan. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RegionV, EPA-905/3-79-001, Chicago, IL. (No newRecords)

———, Ladewski, T.B., and Schelske, C.L. 1978. Popu-lation responses of Lake Michigan phytoplankton tonitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Hydrobiologia58:249–265. (No new records)

———, Kingston, J.C., and Sicko-Goad, L. 1979. Themorphology and taxonomic relationships of Stephan-odiscus binderanus var. oestrupi (A. Cl.) A. Cl. NovaHedwigia, Beih. 64:65–78. (No new Records)

———, Kreis, R.G., Jr., and Sicko-Goad, L. 1981. Asystematic, quantitative, and ecological comparison ofMelosira islandica O. Müll. with M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs from the Laurentian Great Lakes. J. Great LakesRes. 7:345–356. (No new Records)

———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J.1985. Siliceous microfossil succession in the recenthistory of Lake Superior. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia. 137:106–118. (Records)

———, Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J.1985. Post settlement diatom succession in the Bay ofQuinte, Lake Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.42:754–767. (No new Records)

———, Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J.1985. Variations in Melosira islandica valve mor-phology in Lake Ontario sediments related to eutroph-ication and silica depletion. Limnol. Oceanogr.30:414–418. (No new Records)

———, Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J.1985. An assessment of ecological changes during therecent history of Lake Ontario based on siliceousalgal microfossils preserved in the sediments. J. Phy-col. 21:257–276. (Records)

———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Conley D.J.1987. Quantitative analysis of siliceous micro fossilsin the sediments of Lake Erie’s central basin. DiatomRes. 2:113–134. (Records)

———, Håkansson, H., and E. Theriot. 1988. Morphol-ogy and taxonomy of Stephanodiscus conspicueporussp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae). Trans. Amer. Microsc.Soc. 107:46–52. (Records)

———, Wolin, J.A., Schelske, C.L., and Conley, D.J.1990. Siliceous microfossil succession in Lake Michi-gan. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:959–967. (No newRecords)

———, Kociolek, J.P., Schelske, C.L., and Andresen,N.A. 1991. Siliceous microfossil succession in therecent history of Green Bay, Lake Michigan. J. Pale-olimnol. 6:123–140. (No new Records)

———, Wolin, J.A., and Schelske, C.L. 1993. Paleolim-nological comparison of the Laurentian Great Lakes

based on diatoms. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38:1311–1316.(No new Records)

———, Emmert, G., Julius, M.L., and Schelske, C.L.1996. Paleolimnologic evidence of rapid recentchange in Lake Erie’s trophic status. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 53:1451–1458. (No new Records)

Tarapchak, S.J., and Stoermer, E.F. 1976. EnvironmentalStatus of the Lake Michigan Region. Volume 4. Phyto-plankton of Lake Michigan. Argonne National Labo-ratory, Argonne, IL. ANL/ES-40, Volume 4. (No newRecords)

Thayer, V.L., Johnson, T.C., and Schrader, H.J. 1983.Distribution of diatoms in Lake Superior sediments. J.Great Lakes Res. 9:497–507. (Records)

———, Johnson, T.C., and Schrader, H.J. 1983. A pre-liminary study of recent diatom assemblages in LakeSuperior sediments. J. Great Lakes Res. 9:508–516.(No new Records)

Theriot, E.C. 1983. Morphological variation in Stephan-odiscus niagarae (Bacillariophyceae). Ph.D. disserta-tion, The University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, MI. (Nonew Records)

———. 1987. Principal component analysis and taxo-nomic interpretation of environmentally related varia-tion in silicification in Stephanodiscus (Bacillario-phyceae). Br. phycol . J. 22:359–373. (No newRecords)

———. 1988. An empirically based model of variationin rotational elements in centric diatoms with com-ments on ratios in phycology. J. Phycol. 24:400–407.(No new Records)

———. 1992. Clusters, species concepts and morpholog-ical evolution of diatoms. Sys. Biol. 41:141–157. (Nonew Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1981. Some aspects of mor-phological variation in Stephanodiscus niagarae(Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 17:64–72. (No newRecords)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1982. Observations on NorthAmerican populations of Stephanodiscus (Bacillario-phyceae) species attributed to Friedrich Hustedt.Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 101:368–374. (No newRecords)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1984. Principal componentanalysis of character variation in Stephanodiscus nia-garae Ehrenb.: Morphological variation related tolake trophic status. In Proc. Seventh InternationalDiatom Symposium, Philadelphia, August 22–27,1982. ed. D.G. Mann, pp. 97–111. Koeltz, Koenig-stein. (No new Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1984. Principal componentanalysis of variation in Stephanodiscus rotula and S.niagarae (Bacillariophyceae). Syst. Bot. 9:53–59. (Nonew Records)

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1986. Morphological andecological evidence for two varities of the diatomStephanodiscus niagarae. In Proceedings Eighth

564 Stoermer et al.

International Diatom Symposium, Paris August 27–September 1, 1984. ed. M. Ricard, pp. 385–394.Koeltz, Koenigstein. (No new Records)

———, Håkansson, H., Kociolek, J.P., Round, F.E., andStoermer, E. F. 1987. Validation of the diatom genusname Cyclostephanos. Br. phycol. J. 22:345–347. (Nonew Records)

———, Håkansson, H., and Stoermer, E.F. 1988. Mor-phometric analysis of Stephanodiscus alpinus (Bacil-lariophyceae) and its morphology as an indicator oflake trophic status. Phycologia 27:485–493. (No newRecords)

Walker, G.K., Sicko-Goad, L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1978.Intercalary band formation and cell growth in thediatom Fragilaria capucina . Microbios Letters9:147–154. (No new Records)

———, Sicko-Goad, L., and Stoermer, E.F. 1979. Anultrastructural examination of the pennate diatomCaloneis amphisbaena . Microbios Letters12:141–152. (No new Records)

Wallen, D.G. 1990. The toxicity of chromium (VI) tophotosynthesis of the phytoplankton assemblage ofLake Erie and the diatom Fragilaria crotonensis Kit-ton. Aquat. Bot. 38:331–340. (No new Records)

———. 1996. Adaptation of the growth of the diatomFragilaria crotonensis Kitton and the phytoplanktonassemblage of Lake Erie to chromium toxicity. J.Great Lakes Res. 22:55–62. (No new Records)

Wolin, J.A., Stoermer, E. F., Schelske, C.L., and Conley,

D.J. 1988. Siliceous microfossil succession in recentLake Huron sediments. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114:175–198. (Records)

———, Stoermer, E.F., and Schelske, C.L. 1991. Recentchanges in Lake Ontario 1981–1987: Microfossil evi-dence of phosphorus reduction. J. Great Lakes. Res.17:229–240. (No new Records)

Wujek, D.E., and Graebner, M. 1980. A new freshwaterspecies of Chaetoceros from the Great Lakes region.J. Great Lakes Res. 6:260–262. (Records)

———, and Welling, M.L. 1981. The occurrence of twocentric diatoms new to the Great Lakes. J. GreatLakes Res. 7:55–56. (Records)

Yang, J-R., and Duthie, H.C. 1993. Morphology andultrastructure of teratological forms of the diatomsStephanodiscus niagarae and S. parvus (Bacillario-phyceae) from Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario,Canada). Hydrobiologia 269/270:57–66. (No newRecords)

———, and Duthie, H.C. 1995. Regression and weightedaveraging models relating to surficial sedimentarydiatom assemblages to water depth in Lake Ontario. J.Great Lakes. Res. 21:84–94. (No new Records)

———, Duthie, H.C., and DeLorme, L.D. 1993. Recon-struction of the recent environmental history ofHamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario, Canada) from theanalysis of siliceous microfossils. J. Great Lakes Res.19:55–71. (Records)

APPENDIX 3—TAXONOMIC LITERATURE

References which have primary systematic andnomenclatural information impacting Great Lakesdiatom taxonomy through 1996.

Bukhtiyarova, L. 1995. New taxonomic combinations ofdiatoms (Bacillariophyta). Algologia 5:417–424.

Bukhtiyarova, L., and Round, F.E. 1996. Revision of thegenus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a newgenus based on A. Marginulatum . Diatom Res.11:1–30.

Cox, E.J. 1987. Placoneis Mereschkowsky: The re-evaluation of a diatom genus originally characterizedby its chloroplast type. Diatom. Res. 2:145–157.

Crawford, R.M. 1988. A reconsidertion of Melosira are-naria and M. teres; resulting in a proposed new genusEllerbeckia. In Algae and the Aquatic Environment,ed. F.E. Round. pp. 413–433. Biopress, Bristol.

Czarnecki, D.B. 1994. The freshwater diatom culturecollection at Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. In Pro-ceedings of the 11th International Diatom Sympo-sium, ed J.P. Kociolek. pp. 155–173. Memoirs of theCalifornia Academy of Sciences, No. 17, San Fran-cisco.

———. 1994. Nomenclatural changes for some diatomsfound in Iowa. J. Iowa Acad. Sci. 101:96–97.

———, and Edlund, M.B. 1995. New combinations forsome taxa of Achnanthes. Diatom Res. 10:207–209.

———, and Reinke, D.C. 1982. Nomenclatural changesamong Kansas diatoms. Trans. Kansas Academy Sci.85:174–176.

Edlund, M.B. 1994. Additions and confirmations to thealgal flora of Itasca State park II. Diatoms fromChambers Creek. J. Minnesota Acad. Sci. 59:10–21.

———, and Stoermer, E.F. 1993. Resting spores of thefreshwater ditoms Acanthoceros and Urosolenia. J.Paleolimnol. 9:55–61.

Ehrenberg, C.G. 1841 (1843). Vebreitung und Einflussdes mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd- und Nord-Amerika. Abhandl. der Königl. Akad. der Wis-senschaften zu Berlin. Theil 1, S.291–445, 4 Taf.(Sonderabdruck 154s.)

Håkansson, H. 1986. A taxonomic reappraisal of someStephanodiscus species (Bacillariophyta). Br. phycol.J. 21:25–37.

———. 1989. A light and electron microscopical investi-gation of the type species of Cyclotella (Bacillario-

Diatom Checklist 565

phyceae) and related forms, using original material.Diatom Res. 4:255–267.

———. 1990. Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz. (Bacillar-iophyceae), its morphology and reappraisal of similarspecies. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 100:19–37.

———, and Locker, S. 1981. Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg1846, a revision of the species described by Ehren-berg. Nova Hedwigia 35:117–150.

Hamilton, P.B., Poulin, M., Charles, D.F., and Angell,M. 1992. Americanarum Diatomarum Exsiccata:CANA, Voucher slides from eight acidic lakes innortheastern North America. Diatom Res. 7:25–36.

———, Poulin, M., Prévost, C., Angell, M., AndEdlund, S.A. 1994. Americanarum Diatomarum Exs-iccata: Fascicle II (CANA), voucher slides represent-ing 34 lakes, ponds and streams from EllesmereIsland, Canadian High Artic, North America. DiatomRes. 9:303–327.

Hartley, B. 1986. A check-list of the freshwater, brackishand marine diatoms of the British Isles and adjoiningcoastal waters. J. mar. biol Ass. U.K. 66:531–610.

Haworth, E. 1990. Diatom name validation. Diatom Res.5:195–196.

Hohn, M.H. 1961. The relationship between speciesdiversity and population density in diatom popula-tions from Silver Springs, Florida. Trans. Am.Microsc. Soc. 80:140–165.

Hustedt, F. 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae). in A.Pascher Süsswasserflora Mitteleuropas, Heft 10, 466pp., Fischer, Jena.

———. 1950. Die Diatomeenflora norddeutscher Seenmit besonderer Berücksichtigung des holsteinischerSeengebietes. v–vii. Seen in Mecklenburg, Lauenburgund Norddeutschland. Arch. f . Hydrobiol. 43:329–458.

———. 1953. Diatomeen aus dem NaturschutzparkSeeon. Arch. Hydrobiol. 47:625–635.

———. 1959. Die Diatomeenflora der Unterwesser vonder Lesummündung bis Bremerhaven mit Berücksich-tigung des Unterlaufs der Hunte and Geeste. Veröff.Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven 6:13–176.

Johansen, J.R., and Rushforth, S.R. 1985. A contributionto the taxonomy of Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmer-mann (Bacillariophyceae) and related taxa. Phycolo-gia 24:437–447.

Kociolek, J.P., and Stoermer, E.F. 1987. Ultrastructureof Cymbella sinuata and its allies (Bacillariophyceae),and their transfer to Reimeria, gen. nov. Syst. Bot.12:451–459.

Krammer, K. 1981. Morphological investigations of thevalve and girdle of the diatom genus CymbellaAgardh. Bacillaria 4:125–146.

———. 1992. Pinnularia eine Monographie derEuropäischen Taxa. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 26. J.Cramer, Berlin.

———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1985. Naviculaceae.Bibliotheca Diatomologica 9. J. Cramer, Berlin.

———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1986. Bacillariophyceae.In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. Ettl, J.Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. Vol. 2Teil 1. Naviculaceae. Fischer, Stuttgart.

———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1988. Bacillariophyceae.In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H. Ettl, J.Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds. Vol. 2Teil 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae.Fischer, Stuttgart.

———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991a. Bacillario-phyceae. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H.Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds.Vol. 2 Teil 3. Centrales, Fragilariales, Eunotiaceae.Fischer, Stuttgart.

———, and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991b. Bacillario-phyceae. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, H.Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer eds.Vol. 2 Teil 4. Achnanthaceae. Fischer, Stuttgart.

Lange-Bertalot, H. 1980. Zur taxonomischen revisioneiniger ökologisch wichtiger “Navicula lanceolatae”Cleve. Die Formenkreise um Navicula lancoelata, N.viridula, N cari. Cryptogamie:Algologique 1:29–50.

———. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa. Bibliotheca Diatomologica27. Cramer, Berlin.

———. 1996. Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol. 4.Koeltz, Konigstein.

——— , and Krammer, K. 1987. Bacillariaceae,Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Bibliotheca Diatomo-logica 15. Cramer, Berlin.

———, and Krammer, K. 1989. Achnanthes. BibliothecaDiatomologica 18. Cramer, Berlin.

———, and Metzeltin, D. 1996. Indicators of Oligotro-phy. In Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 2. H.Lange-Bertalot ed. Koeltz, Konigstein.

———, and Simonsen, R. 1978. A taxonomic revision ofthe Nitzschiae lanceolatae Grunow 2. European andrelated extra-European freshwater and brackish watertaxa. Bacillaria 1:11–111.

Mann, D.G. 1989. The diatom genus Sellaphora: separa-tion from Navicula. Br. phycool. J. 24:1–20.

Patrick, R.M., and Reimer, C.W. 1966. The Diatoms ofthe United States. Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia. Monograph 13, Vol. 1.

———, and Reimer, C.W. 1975. The Diatoms of theUnited States. Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia. Monograph 13, Vol. 2, Part 1.

Poulin, M., Hamilton, P.B., and Proulx, M. 1995. Cata-logue des algues d’eau du Québec, Canada. CanadianField-Naturalist 109:27–110.

Reichart. E., and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991. Taxonomis-che Revision des Artenkomplexes um Gomphonemaangustatum—G. dichotomum—G. intricatum—G. vib-rio und ahnliche Taxa (Bacillariophyceae). Nova Hed-wigia 53:519–544.

Ross, R. 1947. Freshwater Diatomaceae (Bacillario-phyta). In Botany of the Canadian Eastern Arctic,Polunin, N. ed. Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada. 97:178–233.

566 Stoermer et al.

Round, F.E. 1982. Cyclostephanos—a new genus withinthe Skeletonemaceae. Arch. Protistenk. 125:323–329.

———, and Bukhtiyarova, L. 1996. Four new generabased on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with are-definition of Achnanthidium . Diatom Res.11:345–361.

———, and Mann, D.G. 1981. The diatom genusBrachysira. I. Typification and separation fromAnomoeoneis. Arch. Protistendk. 124:221–231.

———, Crawford, R.M., and Mann, D.G. 1990. TheDiatoms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

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