separation of substances ncert chapter vi, cbse, india
DESCRIPTION
separation of substances NCERT chapter VITRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Separation of Substances
Holiday Homework
Vi A
Roll No:35
Spandan Bhattacharya
![Page 2: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents • Sedimentation and decantation• Winnowing and threshing • Filtration• Sieving
Advanced methods of separation• Fractional distillation• Crystallization• Sublimation
![Page 3: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sedimentation and Decantation
• Sedimentation – Heavy impurities in water settle down after some time.
• Decantation – The clear liquid above the impurities is poured in another container.
![Page 4: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Winnowing and Threshing
• Threshing – Mainly used to separate grains from other parts by beating free the grains.
• Winnowing – Used to separate grains from impurities like husk by dropping it from an height. All light impurities are separated due to a fan or wind.
Threshing
Winnowing
![Page 5: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sieving
• Used to separate impurities of different volume.
• All impurities of smaller size fall down through holes in the container.
![Page 6: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Filtration
• Filtration – Used for separating different substances, usually solids mixed with liquids, with filter paper, funnel and container.
• The substance collected is filtrate which is free of all insoluble impure substances.
![Page 7: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A method in which a substance when kept in different temperatures ,different materials are formed, e.g.: Crude oil when heated at different temperatures forms petrol, naphthalene kerosene, diesel etc.
Fractional Distillation
![Page 9: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sublimation
A mixture of solid substances, such as camphor, benzoic acid, ammonium chloride, iodine etc.
Containing non-volatile substances, when heated, change directly into vapour without passing through the liquid state.
![Page 10: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Crystallization• Substances that get converted to
vapors without passing through the liquid state on heating, e.g. naphthalene, benzoic acid and camphor, undergo sublimation.
• The vapor on cooling, gives crystals of the pure solid compound. The crystalline material so obtained is called sublimate.
• The sublimation process can be described by the equation.
• The technique of sublimation is employed for separating (or purifying) volatile solid substances, which sublime on heating from the non-volatile substances.
![Page 11: Separation of substances NCERT chapter VI, CBSE, India](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081701/5562285bd8b42ad44d8b5347/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)