separation and identification of cations - uni-jena.de separation and identification of cations...
TRANSCRIPT
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4.0026
2
20.180
10
14.007
7
1817
18.998
9
15.999
8
12.011
6
C10.811
B5
Al13
Si14
P15
S16
He
NeN
ArCl
FO
IVA VA VIA VIIA
VIIIA
13 14 15 16 17
18
IIIA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.0079
1
6.941
Li3
9.0122
Be4
22.990
Na11
24.305
Mg12
39.098
K19
40.078
Ca20
85.468
Rb37
87.62
Sr38
132.91
Cs55
137.33
Ba56
(223)
Fr87
(226)
Ra88
H
IA
IIA
1
2
138.91
La57
174.97
Lu71
140.12
Ce58
140.91
Pr59
144.24
Nd60
(145)
61
150.36
Sm62
151.96
Eu63
157.25
Gd64
158.93
Tb65
162.50
Dy66
164.93
Ho67
167.26
Er68
168.93
Tm69
173.05
Yb70
Pm
(227)
Ac89
232.04
Th90
231.04
Pa91
238.03
U92
(262)
103
(237)
93
(244)
94
(243)
95
(247)
96
(247)
97
(251)
98
(252)
99
(257)
100
(258)
101
(259)
102
LrNp Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
44.956
Sc21
88.906
Y39
IIIB3
Tc
BhRf Db Hs Mt
39.94835.453
83.798
36
131.29
54
(222)
86
26.982 28.086 30.974 32.065
47.867
Ti22
50.942
V23
51.996
Cr24
54.938
Mn25
55.845
Fe26
58.933
Co27
58.693
Ni28
63.546
Cu29
65.38
Zn30
69.723
Ga31
72.64
Ge32
74.922
As33
78.96
Se34
79.904
35
91.224
Zr40
92.906
Nb41
95.96
Mo42
178.49
Hf72
180.95
Ta73
183.84
W74
(98)
43
126.90
I53
101.07
Ru44
102.91
Rh45
106.42
Pd46
107.87
Ag47
112.41
Cd48
186.21
Re75
190.23
Os76
192.22
Ir77
195.08
Pt78
196.97
Au79
200.59
Hg80
204.38
Tl81
207.2
Pb82
208.98
Bi83
(209)
Po84
(210)
At85
114.82
In49
118.71
Sn50
121.76
Sb51
127.60
Te52
Kr
Xe
Rn
Br
IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIBVIIIB
54 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(272)
107
(267)
104
(268)
105
Sg(271)
106
(277)
108
(276)
109
(281)
Ds110
(280)
Rg111
(285)
Cn112
Uut Fl Uup(...)
113
(287)
114
(...)
115
(291)
Lv116
(...)
Uus117
(...)
Uuo118
Cd
PbHg
Cr
BaK
1550 °C
520 °C
300 °C
1560 °C
1450 °C
1540 °C
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. , No. 11, (2009) 2131-2156)81
Pb , Ag , Hg , Hg , Bi , Cu , Cd , As , As , Sb , Sb , Sn , Sn , Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH2+ +22+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 5+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 4+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4+
Hg , Bi , Cu , Cd , As , As , Sb , Sb , Sn , Sn , Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 5+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 4+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +4+
Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +4+
Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +4+
Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +4+
Sb , Sn3+ 2+
NaNO +2 rhodamine B
Zn-uranyl acetate
HCl + HgCl2
Sb S2 3 Sb S2 5SnS2
CrO , Al OH42-
4-( )
HAc + Pb(Ac)2 NH Cl4
NH SCN4
Fe OH( )3
brown ppt.
PRECIPITATE
MnSpink ppt.
ZnSwhite ppt.
CoSblack ppt.
NiSblack ppt.
CoS
black ppt.
NiS
black ppt.
Co , Ni2+ 2+
Mn , Zn2+ 2+
MnO2
brown ppt.
HNO + NaBiO3 3
HCl (conc.)
orange ppt. orange ppt.yellow ppt.yellow ppt. yellow ppt. brown ppt.
HNO3 (conc.)
NH3 (conc.)
Hg Cl + Hg2 20
grey precipitate
HNO + H O3 2 2(6 mol/L) (3 %) HCl (0.5 mol/L)
NaOH + H O2 2(6 mol/L) (3 %)
(NH ) C O4 2 2 4
Na , K ,+ + NH4+
PbCl2white ppt.
AgClwhite ppt.
Hg Cl2 2
white ppt.
AgCl
white ppt.
Hg Cl2 2
white ppt.Pb2+
Ag NH( )3 2+
PRECIPITATE
HgS CuS CdS
yellow ppt.
Bi S2 3 As S2 3
yellow ppt.
As S2 5
yellow ppt.
Sb S2 3
orange ppt.
Sb S2 5
orange ppt.
SnS
brown ppt.
SnS2
yellow ppt.
KOH (3 mol/L)
HCl (3 mol/L)
HCl (6 mol/L)
II a subgroup II b subgroup
HgS CuS
black ppt.
CdS
yellow ppt.
Bi S2 3
brown ppt.
HNO3 (3 mol/L)
HNO3 (conc.)
Hg NO ·2HgS( )3 2
Bi OH( )3
NH3 (conc.)
NH3 (conc.)
Bi , Cu , Cd3+ 2+ 2+
Cu NH , Cd NH( ) ( )3 42+
3 42+
KCN + H S2HAc + Fe(CN)64-
SnO22-
AsS , AsO , SnS , SnO , SbS , SbO43-
2-
32-
32-
43-
2-
As S2 3 As S2 5
As S2 3 As S2 5 SnS
PRECIPITATE
NH Cl + NH OH4 4
(NH ) PO
+ NH4 2 4
3
(0.5 mol/L)
(conc.)
PRECIPITATE
NaOH + H O2 2(6 mol/L) (3 %)
Fe(OH)3
brown ppt.
Cr(OH)3
grey-green p.
Ba PO3 4 2( )
white ppt.
Ca PO3 4 2( )
white ppt.
Sr PO3 4 2( )
white ppt.
MgNH PO4 4
white ppt.
Ca (PO )3 4 2
white ppt.
Sr (PO )3 4 2
white ppt.
MgNH PO4 4
white ppt.
Sr , Ca , Mg2+ 2+ 2+
Ca , Mg2+ 2+
Mg2+
Na Co(NO )3 2 6
NaOH + quinalizarine
PRECIPITATE
Zn OH 3-
( )
H S2
H O2 (100 °C)
K Cr O2 2 7
Dete
rmin
ed in the o
rigin
al solu
tion
Al(OH)3
white ppt.
SOLUTION
O R I G I N A L S O L U T I O N
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
FLAME COLORINGFLAME COLORING
P E R I O D I C TA B L E O F T H E E L E M E N T SP E R I O D I C TA B L E O F T H E E L E M E N T S
NH SCN4
+ amyl alcohol
yellow ppt. yellow ppt.
HNO3 (conc.)
NaAc + AgNO3
white ppt.
black ppt.
HNO + HCl3 (1:3)
SnCl2
Cu Fe(CN)2 6
reddish brown ppt.
Bi0
brown precipitate
CdSyellow precipitate
AgCl
white precipitate
Sb-rhodamine
pinkish-red coloration
Sn4+
grey ppt. Hg Cl2 2
PbCrO4
yellow precipitate
HgNH Cl + Hg20
black precipitate
black ppt.
black ppt. brown ppt. black ppt.
PbCrO4
yellow precipitate
Al(OH)3white precipitate
Fe(SCN)2+
blood red coloration
ZnSwhite precipitate
Ni-dimethylglyoxime
red precipitateCo(SCN)4
2-
deep blue coloration
+ dimethylglyoxime
NH3 (3 mol/L)
MnO4-
violet coloration
BaCrO4yellow precipitate
SrSO4
white precipitate
CH COOH3 (conc.)
K CrO2 4
CH COOH3 (conc.)
(NH ) SO4 2 4
CaC O2 4
white precipitate
Mg-quinalizarine
blue coloration
Na-uranyl acetate
pale yellow precipitate
K Co(NO )3 2 6yellow precipitate
Bariumapple green
Strontiumcrimson red
Calciumbrick red
Sodiumyellow
Potassiumviolet
Lower reduction zone
Lower oxidation zone
Higher reduction zone
Higher oxidation zone(melting zone)
Qualitative inorganic analysis
SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONSSEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS
Separate the clear liquid from the precipitate
Test tubes
Bunsen burner
Heating in the water bath
D sownload
Online calculators
Periodic table of the elements
Ag AsO3 4
chocolate brown ppt.
Copyright
Eni G
enera
li,
Split
© 2
005-2
014
c F
aculty o
f C
hem
istr
y a
nd
Technolo
gy,
, C
RO
AT
IA
Nessler's reagentyellow to brown ppt.
HgO·Hg(NH )2 2
H S2(in acidic medium)
(in basic medium)
H S2
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