sep 710 final draft

8/2/2019 SEP 710 Final Draft

1/25

Osama Almatrafi ,KHAGENDRA DHAKAL &

Hamad Bubshait

20 th March 2012

Sustainable Technologies and Policy Options for Climate Changefor Developing Countries


2/25


3/25

Rising global surface temperature

About Climate Change


4/25

Rising sea level surface



5/25

Decreasing trend in northern hemisphere snow cover



6/25

U.S.

186.1

EuropeanUnion

127.8Russia

68.4Ukraine

21.7Poland

14.4

China

57.6Japan

31.2

Australia

7.6

India

15.5

Kazakhstan

10.1

South Africa8.5

Canada

14.9

Mexico

7.8Trinidad andTobago

UnitedArabEmirates

Kuwait

Total CO 2 emissions

Between 1950-2001 in billions of tons

USA CHINA

4% of world

s total population 25% of the world

s population

25% of the world

s greenhouse gases 8.5% of the world

s greenhouse gases

Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions, per country and per capita


7/25

We know that

Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations areincreasing GHGs affect the climate system World average temperature has risen

relatively fast over the past 30 years Sea-level rise is gradually accelerating Many temperature-sensitive

systems/processes have changed over thepast two decades


Methane: CH 4 Carbon Dioxide: CO 2 Water: H 2O

Most Important Greenhouse Gases


8/25

UNFCCC identified three key areas

of response

Mitigation Mitigating climate change by

reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Adaptation Adapting to the changes that are

inevitable, nomatter what mitigation action is taken

Science Promoting the science needed as asound basis for decision making on

mitigation and adaptation


9/25

National Strategy on Climate Change (2008- 2012)

Build capacity to adapt and reduce vulnerabilities to climate changeimpacts

Build capacity of relevant personnel and institutions and establish aframework of coordination and integration

Support greenhouse gas emissions reduction and add more carbon dioxidesinks on integrity development

Raise awareness and promote public participation

Support international cooperation to achieve the common goal of climatechange mitigation and sustainable development

6

5

4

3

2

1

Support research and development to better understand climate change,its impacts and adaptation and mitigation options


10/25

National Strategy on Climate Change (2008- 2012)

Support greenhouse gas emissions reduction and add more carbon dioxidesinks on integrity development 2

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions

and improve production technology base toclean technology


11/25

Energy Technologies

HydropowerSolar energySolar photovoltaic (PV)Solar home systemSolar LED lamps moduleSolar water pumpingWind energyGeothermal energy and naturalgas


12/25

Energy Policy Options

Increase efficiency electricity use and productiono Increasing efficiency of electricity generation system from fossil fuel

power planto Promoting electricity saving activity in private, civic and government

sector

Increase efficiency of energy using and saving in transportation sectoro Promoting travel by mass transit systemo Reducing travel wanted by communication support in private sector

and government sectoro Developing and promoting efficiency transportation system by logistics

management

Supporting and developing alternative energy useo Promoting energy plantso Supporting production and usage of alternative energy without making

greenhouse gas emissions


13/25

Agriculture Impacts

Biophysical impacts: physiological effects on crops, pasture, forests changes in land, soil and water resources

increased weed and pest challenges

sea level rise, changes to ocean salinity sea temperature rise

Socio-Economic impacts: decline in yields and production reduced marginal GDP from agriculture fluctuations in world market prices increased number of people at risk of hunger and

food insecurity migration and civil unrest

Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Publication. FAO.


14/25

Agriculture Technologies

New Traits, Varieties & Crops ( Biotechnology )Water Efficient Maize and Bacillus thuringiensis

Erosion control

Dam construction for irrigation

New irrigation techniques

Changes in fertilizer use and application

Soil fertility maintenance

Changes in planting and harvesting times

Management of soil and water

Technologies for Adaptation To Climate Change. Rep. UNFCCC


15/25

Agriculture Tech Adaptation

Sosa, Mexicoa new irrigation system housed in a 1.5-hectare greenhousethat is fitted with an automated system with sprinklers anddrip lines to supply the soil with water and nutrients, both

inside and outside the complex.

BangladeshFloating agriculture: a method in which a bed of plants isfloating on the water. The plants use the water as a source

of nutrition as opposed to the soil in the traditionalmethods.

Technologies for Adaptation To Climate Change. Rep. UNFCCC


16/25

Agriculture Policy Options

Promoting agricultural process improvement among agriculturist byefficiency in utilization of resources and less chemical use

Developing low greenhouse gas emission for agricultural managementsystem

Increasing efficiency in outdoor burning by incentive measures andlaw measures

Promoting animal food quality improvement, in order to reducegreenhouse gas emission from digestive system


17/25

Environment Technologies

Urbanization and waste managementBuilt-up environment issuesWaste managementTourismDeforestationGarbagePolitical instabilityTransportation and communicationTransportElectric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles

Developing trolleybus systemAerial lift for mountainous areaEducation


18/25

Population (approximation) 8,000,000 (people)

Population Growth Rate 3.25%

Waste Generation 0.25%

OtherSources 0.15%

Per capitawaste generation 0.40%

TotalWaste Generation 320tons/day

MunicipalCollection 300tons/day

Environment Case Study

Nepal


19/25

Environment Policy Options

Reducing waste amount from source o Improving law, rule, regulations and formulating economical measureso Promoting sufficiency economy on consumingo Supporting entrepreneur to reduce waste container use and promoting

safety reuse container

Efficiency waste managemento Supporting provincial administrative organization clustering Reducing

outdoor burningo Creating motivation in public sector to separate the garbageo Reducing outdoor burning


20/25

Manufacture Technologies

H


21/25

Manufacture Policy Options

Specifying the entrepreneur that produce a lot of greenhouse gas suchas cement production, iron production etc. to put greenhouse gasreduction plan and measures in the companys policy, and require tohave yearly greenhouse gas emissions evaluation

Formulating incentive measure for bank sector to use environmentalregulations for loan approval consideration to the entrepreneur

Government use economic tools, such as fuel tax to discourage theuse of diesel vehicles and eliminating the high taxes on electric cars

Scientific settlement plan by government should be done

Improvement the quality of education should be one of governmentspolicies.


22/25

Drive less- Carpool or use transit- Walk or bicycle- Combine errands- Telecommute

Drive a fuel-efficient car

Reduce home energyuse- CFLs- Energy Star appliances- Heat room-by-room- Minimize summer A/C

Purchase GHG offsets

Two venues for action

POLICY REFORMPERSONAL GHG CUTS

Vote

Financially supportconcernedorganizations

Volunteer for concernedorganizations- Door-to-dooreducation- Legislative lobbying


23/25

Reactive adaptation Anticipatory adaptation

WaterResources

Protection of groundwaterresources

Improved water supply

Better use of recycled water Improved system of water

management

Agricultureand foodsecurity

Erosion control Dam construction for irrigation

Research and development Soil-water management

Human Health Public health management

reform Improved emergency response

Development of early warningsystem

Improvement of environmentalquality

Terrestrialecosystems

Improvement of management

systems Improvement of carbon storage

in forests

Monitoring of species

Development and maintenance of seed banks

Recommendations


24/25

Conclusion


25/25

To survive in the world we havetransformed, we must learn to thinkin a new way. As never before, thefuture of each depends on the good

of all.

100 Nobel LaureatesOslo, December 2001

THANK YOU!

sep 710 final draft

Documents