sentence structure sentence types. sentence structure learning target: tswbat know how to define...
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Sentence Structure
Sentence Types
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Sentence Structure
Learning Target:
TSWBAT know how to define simple, compound, and complex sentences and use them consciously.
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Sentence Types
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
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Basic Elementsof
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
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Simple Sentence
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&
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Simple Sentence
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Hi,I’m Punctuation Pete!
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
No comma before “and” in compound
subjects and predicates!
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Compound Sentence withCoordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
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Compound Sentence
Tom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and” in compound
sentences!
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Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is fit and energetic.
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Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
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Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is quiet.
even though
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS
ADVERB CLAUSES
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is bold.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is loud, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!
Bob is popular even though he is loud.
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
Even though Bob is shy, he is popular.
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PunctuationReview!
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No commas before “and” in compound subjects and predicates!
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
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Comma before coordinating conjunction!
Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
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When the adverb clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
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References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.