sentence patterns and types (1)

8/9/2019 Sentence Patterns and Types (1)

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SENTENCE PATTERNS AND TYPESSENTENCE PATTERNS AND TYPES

In this course you will do writing at:In this course you will do writing at:

Sentence levelSentence levelParagraph levelParagraph level

Essay levelEssay level


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1.1. What is a sentence?What is a sentence?

2.2. What are sentence patterns?What are sentence patterns?

3.3. What is a phrase?What is a phrase?4.4. What is a clause?What is a clause?

5.5. What are sentence types?What are sentence types?


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WHAT IS A SENTENCE?WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

A group of words that:A group of words that:

expresses a complete thought.expresses a complete thought.

e.g.e.g. Imran runs.Imran runs.

While

you we

re

in town.While

you we

re

in town.XX

It has at least a subject and a verb.It has at least a subject and a verb.


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AAsentencesentenceis a group of words thatis a group of words thatcontains at least a subject and acontains at least a subject and apredicate.predicate.

TheThe subjectsubject is usually a noun, pronoun oris usually a noun, pronoun ornoun phrase which clarifies what or whomnoun phrase which clarifies what or whomthe speaker is talking about.the speaker is talking about.

TheThe predicatepredicate explains what is said orexplains what is said or

asked about the subject.asked about the subject. ItIt usually comesusually comesafter the subject and includes at least aafter the subject and includes at least asingle subject. The subject and predicatesingle subject. The subject and predicatecan be single words or group of words.can be single words or group of words.


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SubjectSubject PredicatePredicate

My father (noun)My father (noun) drinks. (verb)drinks. (verb)

They (pronoun)They (pronoun) enjoy playingenjoy playing

badminton. (group ofbadminton. (group of

words)words)

His own businessHis own business

(noun phrase)(noun phrase)

is progressing wellis progressing well

until now.until now.

5


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The PredicateThe Predicate

The predicate is classified into a fewThe predicate is classified into a fewcomponents:components:

VerbsVerbs describe a state of being, andescribe a state of being, an

action or an occurrenceaction or an occurrenceObjectsObjects refer to nouns, pronouns or nounrefer to nouns, pronouns or noun

phrasesphrases

ComplementsComplements refer to adjectives andrefer to adjectives and

nouns, pronouns or noun phrasesnouns, pronouns or noun phrasesExpansionsExpansions single words or group ofsingle words or group of

words to make complete sentences longerwords to make complete sentences longer


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Basic Sentence PatternsBasic Sentence Patterns

Subjects and verbs should agree inSubjects and verbs should agree innumber.number.

Examples:Examples:

Subject (S), Verb (V)Subject (S), Verb (V)

Ain

Ain readsreads..

S V (predicate)S V (predicate)


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Subject (S), Verb (V)Subject (S), Verb (V)

The studentsThe students jogjog..S V (predicate)S V (predicate)


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Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O)Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O)

AinAin readsreads journalsjournals..S V OS V O

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(predicate)(predicate)


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Subject (S), Verb (V), ComplementSubject (S), Verb (V), Complement(C)(C)

AinAin readsreads an interesting topic.an interesting topic.

S V CS V C

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(predicate)(predicate)


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Subject (S), Verb (V), Expansion (E)Subject (S), Verb (V), Expansion (E)

AinAin readsreads during leisure timeduring leisure time..

S V ES V E

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(predicate)(predicate)


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What is a phrase?What is a phrase?

a logical grouping of wordsa logical grouping of words

e.g.e.g. the blue wallthe blue wall blue wallblue wall

the bluethe blue XX


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What is a clauseWhat is a clause

A group of words containing at least a subjectA group of words containing at least a subjectand a verband a verb

Two types of clauses:Two types of clauses:

1.1. Dependent:Dependent: cannot stand on its owncannot stand on its own

does not express a completedoes not express a completethoughtthought

e.g.e.g. While I was in townWhile I was in town


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2.2. Independent :Independent : can stand on its owncan stand on its own

expresses a complete thoughtexpresses a complete thought

e.g.e.g. My friend came to visit.My friend came to visit.

Therefore:Therefore: independent clause = sentenceindependent clause = sentence


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Types of SentencesTypes of Sentences

SimpleSimple

CompoundCompound

ComplexComplex

sentence patterns and types (1)

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