BASIC ELEMENTS OF CORRECT AND EFFECTIVE SENTENCES

#THROWBACKThursday

PARTS OF SPEECH

SENTENCE

TOPIC 1:

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

✔ is a word or group of words expressing a complete thought. It has a subject (that which is spoken about in the sentence) and a predicate (that which is said about the subject). (Opetina,2007)

✔ is a group of words that expresses a complete idea.

PARTS OF A SENTENCE

● SubjectThe subject is the person or thing about which something is being stated.

● PredicateThe predicate is the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject.

The predicate always includes a verb.

"Predicate" is also a verb that means, "to state something."

● Direct ObjectA direct object is a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb.

The direct object "receives the action of the verb."

● Indirect ObjectAn indirect object is a person or thing that the action is done to or for.

The indirect object usually comes just before the direct object.

The indirect object is the receiver of the direct object.

Here are some tips to help you:

1) A direct object receives the action of the verb. In other words, it is directly affected by it.

2) An indirect object is the receiver of the direct object, and it usually comes just before it.

● The Object of the Preposition●

● Click here if you want a review on what is a preposition.

●

● The object of the preposition is a noun or a pronoun that completes its meaning.

The Object of the Preposition

The object of the preposition is a noun or a pronoun that completes its meaning.

● Transitive Verbs ● and Intransitive Verbs●

● Not every verb takes a direct object.●

● The direct object completes the meaning of the verb, but not every verb needs completion.

● Definitions●

● Verbs that take direct objects are called transitive verbs.

● The meaning of a transitive verb is incomplete without a direct object.

● Verbs that don't take direct objects are called intransitive verbs.

● The meaning of an intransitive verb is complete on its own.

● Linking Verbs●

● A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject with an adjective or a noun that identifies or describes it.

● Complements●

● A complement is a word or a group of words (usually an adjective or a noun), that is used after linking verbs (such as be and become). The complement identifies or describes the subject of the verb.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

ACCORDING TO:

PURPOSE

1. Declarative sentences state an idea. They end with a period (.).

2. Exclamatory sentences show strong emotions. They end with an exclamation mark (!).

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

ACCORDING TO:

PURPOSE

3. Interrogative sentences ask a question. As you would expect, they end with a question mark (?).

4. Imperative sentences give orders or directions, and so end with a period(.) or an exclamation mark (!).

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

● A sentence may consist of one clause (independent clause) or more clauses (independent and dependent clauses).

● An independent clause is also called main clause. A dependent clause is also called subordinate clause.

ACCORDING TO:

STRUCTURE1. Simple Sentence

consists of only one independent clause containing a subject and a verb and it expresses complete thought. There is no dependent clause.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

2. Compound Sentence (Coordination)

consists of at least two independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions. There is no dependent clause in compound sentence.

The coordinating conjunctions use to join independent clauses are “for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so”.

Independent clauses can also be joined by a semicolon (;). A comma may or may not be used before the conjunction in compound sentence.

IC + IC = COMPOUND SENTENCE

(Independent Clause) ✔ I like an apple but my brother likes a

mango.✔ I helped him and he became happy.✔ He failed two times yet he is not

disappointed.✔ I asked him a question; he replied

correctly.

(Independent Clause)

3. Complex Sentence (Subordination)

consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause joined by subordinating conjunction (because, although, since, when, unless etc) or relative pronoun (that, who, which etc).

IC + DC = COMPLEX SENTENCE

(Independent (Dependent Clause) Clause)

✔ I met the boy who had helped me.

✔ She is wearing a shirt which looks nice.

✔ You can’t pass the test unless you study for it.

If a complex sentence begins with an independent clause, a comma is NOT USED between clauses.

If a complex sentence begins with dependent clause then a comma is use after dependent clause.

✔ You can't type unless you practice.

✔ Unless you practice, you can't type.

4. Complex-Compound Sentence

consists of at least two independents and one or more dependent clauses.

2(+) IC + DC(+) = COMPLEX-COMPOUND SENTENCE

✔ He went to college and I went to a market where I bought a book.

✔ I like Mathematics but my brother likes Biology because he wants to be a doctor.

SOURCES:Opetina, Grammar at WorkRamos et.al, Developing Skills in Grammar and Composition

RETRIEVED FROM:

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/definitions.htm

http://www.really-learn-english.com/parts-of-a-sentence.html

http://www.infoplease.com/cig/grammar-style/sentence-functions-four-tops.html

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz_list.htm

http://www.studyandexam.com/sentence-types.html