SensorNets and Emergency Response

Panel Talk

“The Bioterrorist Threat: Scenarios and Response”

52nd Annual Pugwash Conference

University of California, San Diego

San Diego, CA

August 13, 2002Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Source: Ericsson

How Can the “Always-On” Internet Enhance Capabilities for Homeland Security?

• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories

– Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers

– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases

The “Always-On” Internet Can Be of Use in Three Stages of an Emergency

• Early Warning SensorNets– Detecting Bio/Chem/Nuclear Agents Directly

• Biosurveillance– Identifying Common Symptoms Earlier

• Emergency Response– Supporting First Responders in an Emergency

SensorNets: A Fast Growing Field of Academic Research

www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/

February 20-21, 2002Sponsored by Cal-(IT)2 and UCSD

MEMS & Nanotechology Remote Sensors Are Rapidly Being Invented

“Smart Dust” “Nanowires”

Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

For Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Agents

Silicon Photonic Crystals Polysilole

Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant, Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development

• Desired Properties:– Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive – Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost

Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent Developed for DARPA

Detection of ExplosivesTNT-contaminated thumbprint on a transit ticket from the San Francisco

BART line

Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will Create Brilliant Sensors

Applications

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

EmbeddedSoftware

Sensors

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

Radio

Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems

Internet

Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors

The Private Sector is Integrating Wireless, Sensor, and Data-Management Technologies

Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner

Early Warning Medical Sensors May Move Inside Us

• Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, & Video Camera– Images Stored on Hip Device

• Next Step—Putting Bodies On-Line– Wireless Internet Transmission– Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors

• Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine

– Genetic Code – Body Sensor Data Flows

– Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com

www.bodymedia.com

www.philometron.com

Over the Next Decade NanobioinfoengineeringWill Revolutionize SensorNets

5 nanometersHuman Rhinovirus

IBM Quantum CorralIron Atoms on Copper

VCSELaser

2 mm

Nanogen MicroArray

500x Magnification

400x Magnification

Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots

General Atomics Predator(Air Force, CIA)

300 Inches

UC Berkeley Aerobot(ARO, DARPA, ONR)

20 Inches

UC Berkeley Micromechanical

Flying Insect Project

1 Inch

(DARPA, ONR)

SensorNets—Real-Time Data

Storage hardware

Database Systems, Grid Storage,Filesystems

Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion

Web PortalCustomized to User Device

Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing

Networked Storage (SAN)

Visualization

High speed networking

Data Organization and Mining Are at the Heart of the “Always-On” Internet

The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2 Knowledge and Data

Engineering Laboratory

National Institutes of Health Are Prototyping Distributed Storage and Computing

National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure

Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

Biomedical Informatics Research Network

(BIRN)NIH Plans to Expand

to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step

• Large Cultural Barriers to Sharing of Data• Needed Infrastructure Investments and Training

CRIMINALJUSTICE

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

PUBLICHEALTH

SECURITY

INTEGRATEDINTELLIGENCE

SYSTEM

Local

State

Federal

INFORMATIONSOURCES

However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations

Developing Optically Linked Distributed Analysis, Command, & Control Centers

• Driven by SensorNets Data– Emergency Response– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring

• Possibly Linked to OES Situation Room Sacramento

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,

TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council

UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber

Planning for Optically Linking Crisis Management Control Rooms in California

California Office of Emergency Services, Sacramento, CA

From Telephone Conference Calls to International Video Meetings

Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Prevailing wind

Warm zone

Compromised Transportation

Corridor

Hot Zone

Improving Emergency Response With the “Always-On Internet”

Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

Transportation Assets With Mobile Internet

Bubble

FieldTreatment

Station

Mobile BubblesPatient RF IDs

First Responder PDAsElectronicrecord of field care

Hospital #1

Hospital #2

Stadium

WMD Attack

Transport station

Incidentcommand

center

2-Way TelemedicineControl RoomGPS Tracking

High Bandwidth