sensor plc
TRANSCRIPT
Version 1.0 12th July 1999
Sensor ( Basic/Advance )
i
CONTENTS
Overview of Sensor...............................................................................................................................2
1. What is a sensor?...........................................................................................................................2 2. Control Sensor? .............................................................................................................................5
Proximity Sensor ................................................................................................................................10 1. What is a proximity sensor? ........................................................................................................10 2. Major Characteristics ..................................................................................................................16 3. Attention to installation and wiring.............................................................................................20 4. Effective Use of Sensor...............................................................................................................24 5. Other Sensors ..............................................................................................................................26 6. Model Selection...........................................................................................................................30 7. Terminology (to understand specification and performance) .....................................................34
Photo Electric Sensor .........................................................................................................................37 1. What is a photo electric sensor? ..................................................................................................37 2. Features by detection mode.........................................................................................................45 3. Installation/ wiring ......................................................................................................................57 4. Effective Use of sensor ...............................................................................................................61 5. Other Sensors ..............................................................................................................................63 6. Model Selection...........................................................................................................................67 7. Terminology (to understand functions/ performance).................................................................71
Maintenance of Sensor.......................................................................................................................73 1. Simple check on breakdown (of control output) .........................................................................73 2. Predict Breakdown ......................................................................................................................75 3. Noise Prevention .........................................................................................................................79
Common Information ........................................................................................................................82 1. Output Mode of Sensor ...............................................................................................................82 2. Precautions to wiring...................................................................................................................84 3. Protective structure......................................................................................................................86 4. Mode of Adjustment....................................................................................................................88
Appendix .............................................................................................................................................94 1. Measurement ...............................................................................................................................94 2. Examples of Sensor PC Connection............................................................................................96 3. Omron Sensor Selection..............................................................................................................98
1
Sensor
Chapter 1 Overview of Sensor...............................................................................................................................2
1. What is a sensor?...........................................................................................................................2 2. Control Sensor? .............................................................................................................................5
Sensor Chapter 1
2
Overview of Sensor 1. What is a sensor?
A sensor is a device to detect changes in the environment such as energy, heat, light, magnet, supersonic, etc. and convert them to electric signals.
Change in the external environment Detect/convert Output signal/data
Heat Temperature
Changed
SENSOR
Light Light volume
changed
Magnetic field changed
Alcohol Alcohol is
included
Drainag
e Heavy oil included
• Instruct machine to do fixed operation by signal
• Display data in the indicator
Electro Magnetism
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(1) Applications (2) Sensor and human 5 senses
5 Senses Environment changes Sensor Others
Visual Touch Taste Auditory Smell
Light/ shade/ size/ shape/ change/ far/ near/ color Pressure/ temperature/ pain/ itch/ contact Sweet/ hot/ sour/ bitter/salty Air vibration/ loudness of sound/ high/ low/tone Chemical composition of gas
TV Camera Photo-electric sensor Thermometer Proximity sensor SW, Vibration sensor Sugar measurer Microphone Supersonic sensor Alcohol/ gas detector
Ultraviolet rays Infrared rays Electro magnetic waves Static Supersonic waves
Security Alarm for invader/ destruction
Disaster measures vibration sensor Gas/Smoke detector
Disaster
Weather robot/ satellite/buoy
Pollution Air monitor Water quality Telemeter
Environment
Traffic Traffic control system New traffic system Auto train control device
Automobile Electronic fuel jet Exhaustion control Anti-collision
Traffic
Bio measurement Supersonic diagnosis device Patient monitor device
Medical
Production automation Automation Chemical plant
Industry
Electric home appliances Microwave oven Auto washing machine Electric blanket
Life Air-conditioner Color TV VCR
Housing/home Agriculture/Fishery
SENSOR Visual (Eye)
Smell (Nose)
Taste (Mouth)
Touch (Skin)
Auditory (Ear)
Food Refrigerated food transparent Hydroponics Fish Farming
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2. Control Sensor?
A sensor as a control component is to capture correctly and speedy data of an environment where a machine is installed and data of products that are being processed, and then convert those data to controllable electric signals or information that human can easily confirm.
(1) Role of sensor in automation
• Flow of control
Sensor
Control PC
Output Conveyor
Signal transmission line
Signal transmission line
Sensor detects product
PC receives the signal that product is coming and judges that conveyor has to be stopped
Conveyor stops
M
Product
PC
Signal transmission line
Input
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• Application in Factory <Pudding Production Process>
Photo-electric sensor (Position Cup) It detects the edge of a cup and send a signal of “Go Filling”.
Proximity Switch (Existence of contents) It detects the contents thru a cup.
Photo-electric sensor (Existence of film) It detects the amount of film left
Limit switch (upper & lower limit) Mold goes up & down and stops when it touches Limit switch
Level switch (surface level of liquid) It detects the amount of hopper, and add the necessary amount when lower than required
Photo-electric sensor (marking detection) It detects registered marking and adjusts positions of cup and printing.
Date Stamper
Sealing Separator
Scrap Cutter
Marking Adjuster
Filter No.2Filter No.1
Heater
Mold
Pudding
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(2) Type of sensor
Energy used Intermediary Type of Sensor
Power Micro Switch (M/S) Limit Switch (L/S) Machine Fluid Pressure Sensor
Photo Electric Photo Micro Sensor
Rotary Encoder Visual recognition device
Light
Visible Light Infrared Rays
Displacement Measurement Sensor Magnetic Field Proximity Switch Linear Proximity Switch Electro
Magnetism Electro Field Capacitance Touch Sensor
Electric Electric current Electric conductor level switch
Heat Heat Thermometer Supersonic Sound Supersonic (proximity) switch
(3) Use of sensor <basic function>
Used Function Existence Detect existence of certain object in a specific area
Positioning Detect position in a specific point
Classification Differentiate length/size/shape/color by several criteria
Inspection Judge dimension/size/shape/color/shade etc/ according to inspection standard
(4) Sensor Output • ON/OFF Output is ON or OFF when input value exceeds the value set (it may be
Called High/Low, 1/0) • Digital Sensor input which changes itself continuously is output as digital value
such as BCD/BIN. • Analog Sensor input which changes itself continuously is output as consecutive
value of voltage/electric current.
Select suitable sensor for your needs Install the sensor properly Real signal Correctly Establish inspection logic Implement in a good condition
Clarify Object Place Purpose
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Sensor Chapter 2
Proximity Sensor ................................................................................................................................10
1. What is a proximity sensor? ........................................................................................................10 2. Major Characteristics ..................................................................................................................16 3. Attention to installation and wiring.............................................................................................20 4. Effective Use of Sensor...............................................................................................................24 5. Other Sensors ..............................................................................................................................26 6. Model Selection...........................................................................................................................30 7. Terminology (to understand specification and performance) .....................................................34
Sensor Chapter 2
10
Proximity Sensor 1. What is a proximity sensor?
It is a device to detect object with no contact, making use of changes in a magnetic/ electric field.
(1) Detection Mechanism
A proximity sensor create a net of electro/magnetic field and detects an object which enters the field, just as a spider form its web and catches its prey. The net is created by the magnetic lines originated from the oscillation circuit. When a metallic object comes into the field, the magnetic lines get disordered, which is transmitted to the oscillating circuit .The oscillating circuit will detect the object approaching and output the decision.
[Automobile detector in parking lot] A big proximity sensor buried in the ground near the entrance gate detects a car above and sends a signal to the barricade
Detection
Caught it !
Sensor
Magnetic field
Object
Object
Sensor
Magnetic field
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(2) Working range (3) Classification • Detection mode and principles
Mode Principles
High frequency Oscillation type
Inductance of detection coil depends on the distance between detection object and detection coil, which will be incorporated in the oscillating circuit, thereby starts/ends oscillation and detects the object. Most frequently used.
Differential coil
Same as above. It can detect a subtle difference because it sees the difference between detection coil and comparison coil, which enables long distance detection.
Magnetic field type
Magnet Type
It opens/closes Lead switch, haul elements by magnetic power of permanent magnet. Need Careful attention to low cost steel powder.
Electric Field type
Capacitance
Changes in capacitance between electrode and earth are incorporated in the oscillation circuit. It starts/ends oscillation and detects an object. It reacts with anything other than fluid
Detection Head
Detection Detection
OFFON
Approach from the left Approach from the Right
OFF ON
* Working range of sensor depends on a range of magnetic field.
Sensing Object
High frequency oscillation Elements
Sensing Coil
Sensing Object
Sensing Coil Comparison Coil
Open/close elementAC source
N
SPermanent Magnet
Lead Switch
Cx
Sensing Object
Open/close elementHigh frequency oscillation
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• Composition Features Amp separate type Easy to install/adjust Amp built-in type DC power can be used. Easy to connect with other electronic machinery Power built-in type Built-in power. Easy to handle.
• Mode of output (See chapter 5.1) • Shape
Classification Shape Features
Prism Type Flat type Micro Switch
No adjustment for installation position. Shield type can be mounted in metal.
Cylinder type
Install with nuts/screw. Shield type can be mounted in metal.
Pierce type
Pierced into detection loop head.
Gutter type
Easy to adjust installation position.
Plan surface type
A big sensor. Long detection distance.
Sensor part coil, etc.
Amp part (Amplifier)
Power/controller part
DC Power AC Power
Non-contact output
Contact outputRelay
+ Amp built-in type
Amp separate type
+ + Power built-in type
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(4) Features of Proximity Sensor
1. Stable operation, unsusceptible to water, oil, dust, light, etc.. Be able to use for machine tools splashed with cutting oil or food processing machine washed with water (magnetic type).
2. Resistant to vibration and shock
Anti-vibration/shock since the whole circuit can be coated with resin.
3. Able to detect without any contact Detection distance is bout 0-30mm. No damage on an object.
4. Higher speed/performance compared with limit switch
Long life and quick response.
5. Magnetic type is for metal detection, capacitance is for everything except fluid Liquid in a paper cup can be also detectable.
6. Susceptible to magnet effect
High possibility of malfunction in an area where large amount of electric current flows such as welding or electro magnetism.
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2. Major Characteristics (1) Effect according to materials of object (2) Size of object and detection distance (Model E2E-XIR5E1) (3) Thickness of object and detection distance (Model E2E-X10E1)
Steel
Stainless
Yellow copper
Aluminum
Detection distance x(mm)
Steel
ReturnWorking
Aluminum
Working distance (mm)
Thickness of object
Steel
Stainless
Yellow copper
Aluminum
Copper
≅ 100%
≅ 70%
≅ 40%
≅ 30%
≅ 28%
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<Reference> Whirling electric current in the object Aluminum Case
Aluminum Whirling current flows deep inside of an objectdue to low transparent ratio. Small anti-magneticbundle occurs from the surface and inside as well.Therefore a proximity sensor can only detect anobject within a short distance.
Steel Whirling current flows densely on the verysurface due to high transparent ratio. Therefore,large anti-magnetic bundle occurs on the surface.As a result a proximity sensor can detect fromthe distance.
Thick Aluminum Whirling current flows deep inside an Object and anti-magnetic bundle is small. (Surface effect)
Thinner than surface effect Whirling current tries to flow deep inside an objectbut thickness of aluminum is quite limited, so thatthe current is stuck on the surface. The thinner aplate is, the larger the current flows on the surface.Detection distance is closer to that for magneticmetal when it is less than 10m µ in thickness.
Surface effect Electric current flows equally in a conductor whenfrequency is low (DC), but flows densely on the surfaceand sparsely inside with high frequency. The higher themagnetic transparent ratio is, the higher this tendency is.
Electric Distribution
High Frequency DC
Anti-magnetic bundle
Magneticbundle
Whirling Current
Steel
A
Distance Detection
Thickness of plate
A: Surface effect Area of whirling current flow
Magneticbundle
Whirling Current
Aluminum
A
Distance Detection
Anti-magnetic bundle
Magnetic bundle
Whirling Current
Aluminum
A
Distance Detection
Anti-magnetic bundle
Anti-magnetic bundle
Magneticbundle
No place for Current
Thickness of plate
Distance Detection
Aluminum Foil
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(4) Structure of sensor and detection distance (5) Size of detection head and detection distance
Shield (M30)
UnShield (M30)
Detection distance 20mm
Detection distance 10mm
M8
M12
M18
M30
4mm
8mm
14mm
20mm
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3. Attention to installation and wiring (1) Effect of peripheral metal
When installing a proximity sensor, other metal than detection object itself will affect detection performance of proximity sensor.
(Unit:mm) Shield Type Unshield Type Type
Item E2E- X2D1
E2E- X3D1
E2E- X7D1
E2E- X10D1
E2E- X4MD1
E2E- X8MD1
E2E- X14D1
E2E- X20MD1
l 0 0 0 0 12 15 22 30 d 8 12 18 30 24 40 70 90
D 0 0 0 0 12 15 22 30
m 4.5 8 20 40 8 20 40 70 n 12 18 27 45 24 40 70 90
(2) Mutual Interference
If more than 2 pcs of sensors are installed facing each other or side by side, they will induce mutual interference against each other.
(Unit:mm) Shield Type Unshield Type Type
Item
E2E- X2D1
E2E- X3D1
E2E- X7D1
E2E- X10D1
E2E- X4MD1
E2E- X8MD1
E2E- X14D1
E2E- X20MD1
A 20 30(20) 50(30) 100(50) 80 120(60) 200(100) 300(100) B 15 20(12) 35(18) 70(35) 60 100(50) 110(60) 200(100)
Shield
m
l
m∅d m
n
l↔
UnShield
A B
Note: The figures in ( ) are values when a model with different frequency is used.
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(3) Protection structure (See Chapter 5.3) (4) Wiring (See Chapter 5.2) (5) Electric Leak
In case of 2-wire sensor, electricity is leaking even if the sensor is off. As a result, small voltage remains in a load and failure for a load to return may happen
<Measures>
Connect a leakage resistance and bypass electric leakage that flows in a load, thereby make it less prior to failure
iR : Electric leakage of sensor (mA) iOFF: Electricity for load to return (mA)
DC 2-Wire type AC 2-Wire type
Leakage
Permissible
Reference DC12V: 450mW≤ x ≤15KΩ DC24V: 0.1K≤ x ≤30KΩ
AC100V: 500W≤ x ≤10KΩ AC200V: 20W≤ x ≤20KΩ
R≤ Vs (KΩ)
iR - i OFFR≤
Vs (KΩ) iR - i OFF
R≤ Vs² (mW)
iR - i OFFP>
Vs² (mW) R
Vs ~ Leakage resistance R
Load
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4. Effective Use of Sensor (1) Accuracy In Repetitive Detection
For an application such as positioning, the closer a sensor is put to an object, the more accurate will be the result.
(2) Stable Detection
Set the distance within 80% of specified detection distance. The sensor is workable in all the temperatures and voltage stated in the specifications.
(3) Safe Installation
An object is detectable regardless of whether it is positioned vertically or horizontally to the detection head of sensor. However, it is recommended that the detection object should flow horizontally to the detection head in order to protect the main body.
Vibration of Machine
Divergence in operation point
Proximity Sensor
Detection Head
Specified detection distance
Object
Head Head
Object
Flow
Flow
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5. Other Sensors Example of Application
(1) Capacitance Sensor This is for indirect detection thru a container and detection of other object otherthan fluid.
Surface of liquid inside a tank Install a glass bypass tube in a tank and detect a surface level in a tank.
(Upper detection) Capacitance proximity sw Model no. E2K-C25ME
(Lower detection) Model no. E2K-C25ME2
Pump
Discharge pipeTank
Bubble
Beer
Glass tube
Poured milk inside a paper package Detect existence of milk in an opaque paper package.
Milk pack
Inferior (W/O milk)
Pusher
Model no. E2K
OK
(2) Specializes Sensor
• For aluminum For non magnetic metal such as aluminum and copper. Steel is detectable.
Container materials detection
• For all metals Non magnetic metal such as aluminum or copper can be detected just like steel.
Steel Model no. E2EY
Alumi
Alumi
Alumi
Detection in a mixed line
Steel
Alumi
Copper
Stainless
E2EV
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• Metal Piercing Sensor Suitable for small metal detection
• Anti-spatter and -chemical sensor Can be use in spatter or chemical environment due to a sensor head fabricate with Teflon. Teflon is a registered trademark of fluorine resin of Dupont and Mitsui-Dupont Photochemical
• Anti-aluminum chips Prevent malfunction from aluminum or chips attachment.
Falling screws counting
PC
F2LP-W50M
Pool tank
P2LPWK4
• Resin case sensor Protective structure base on IP68 resin case which is excellent in anti-water/environment
Lid detection
Washing with hot water
E2F
High humid environment
Positioning in a welding workplace
Model no. E2EQ
Multi-axes drill board
Drill
Aluminum Blick Conveyor
E2EZ
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6. Model Selection (1) Application
Conditions Review Points Applications
(2) Environment/ installation Conditions Review Points Applications Anti-environment feature of proximity switch is superior to other switches. However, enough review is necessary for use in special
environment.
Installation Installation method should be decide considering restriction from the machine, maintenance, and interaction with other sensors.
Others
(3) Electric Conditions Conditions Review Points Electric
Flow of object
Intervals, speed vibration
Detection distance Temperature voltage Response (response frequency
ObjectSize, shape, plated or non-plated material
Detectiondistance
Ununiform passing point Permissible error
Detection distance Shape of detection point (prism, cylinder, piercing or gutter)
Temperature voltage surrounding metal( shield or unshield type)
Shape of part detected
Surrounding metal Distance to part detected, vertical/horizontal material of metal
Prism, cylinder, piercing or gutter
Surrounding metal (shield or non-shield type)
Temperature/ humidity
Highest/lowest, direct Sunshine, etc
Temperature, for high/low temp, sunshade needed
SurroundingWater, oil, steel chips, special chemicals, etc
Vibration/ impact Size/ length (time)
Detection distance Shape of detection point (prism , cylinder, piercing or gutter
Rigid type needed, Installation method
Wiring method/ conductor surge Cable used, type of cable, length, anti-oil code, shielded type.
Connection Method Cable tube wiring, tact wiring Direct withdrawal, terminal connection Easier maintenance
Installation method Metal fitting needed, direct installation Bolt or screw installation Easier maintenance
Place to install Easier maintenance, Space for installation
Economical
Price Delivery Standard itemSemi-standard
EconomicalDuration of power-on Frequency
O/P LoadPower Supply
Power Used DC (voltage fluctuations, electric current capacity)AC (voltage fluctuations, frequency, etc.)
Choice of power mode for DC for DC+S3S, S3D2 for AC
Lead Resistance load…non contact control type Conductor load…Relay, Solenoid, etc.
•Regular current, rushed current
•Working/return voltage (current) Lump load
•Regular current, rushed current, Frequency of open/close
Choice of power mode for DC for DC+S3S, S3D2 for AC Control output Max current (voltage) Lead current Remained load voltage
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(4) Catalog Usage Specifications/Performance
• DC 3- wire type (Model no. E2E-X[]E[]) M8 M12 M18 M30
Shield Unshield Shield Unshield Shield Unshield Shield Unshield
E2E-X1R5E[] E2E- X2ME[]
E2E- X12E[]
E2E- X5ME[]
E2E- X5E[]
E2E- X10ME[]
E2E- X10E[]
E2E- X18ME[]
Size
Shield Model
Detection Distance 1.5mm ±10% 2mm ±10% 2mm ±10% 5mm ±10% 5mm ±10% 10mm ±10% 10mm
±10% 18mm ±10%
Current/voltage*1,2 (Range of voltage used)
DC12~24V Ripple (p-p) less than 10% (DC10~40V)
Electric current consumed Less than 13mA
Detection object Magnetic metal (See Characteristic data for non-magnetic metal)
Set distance 0~1.2mm 0~1.6mm 0~1.6mm 0~4.0mm 0~4.0mm 0~8.0mm 0~8.0mm 0~14.0mm
Standard Object FE 8x8x1
FE 12x12x1
FE 12x12x1
FE 15x15x1
FE 18x18x1
FE 30x30x1
FE 30x30x1
FE 54x54x1
Differential travel Less than 10% of detection distance
Respond frequency*3 2.0KHz 0.8KHz 1.5KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.1KHz
Operation mode E1 type: load (working), E2 type: load (return) Control output (open/close capacity)
Max 200mA
Circuit protection Reverse connection, surge absorption, load short circuit protection
Indicator Operation display (Red LED)
Surrounding temp. *2 -40 ~ +85°C (without frozen condition)
Surrounding humidity 35~95%RH (without frozen condition)
Temp. influence Within ±15% of detection distance at 23°C within a range of -40 ~ +85°C Within ±10% of detection distance at 23°C within a range of -25 ~ +70°C
Voltage influence Within ±1% of detection distance at voltage/current specified within a range of ±15% of voltage/current specified
Residual voltage Less than 2.0V (under load current of 200 mA with 2m cable
Insulation resistance More than 50m Ω (at DC500V mega) between current carrying parts and case
Dielectric strength AC 1000 V at 50/60 Hz for 1 min. between current carrying parts and case
Vibration Durability: 1.5 mm total amplitude at 10 to 55 Hz for 2 hours max. in x, y, z direction
Shock Durability: 500/s2 (abt 50C)
Durability 1,000 m/s2 ( abt 100G ) 10 times max in any direction
Protective structure Pre-wired type : IEC IP67 [JEM IP67G (anti moisture/oil)], connector type: IEC IP67
Pre-wired About 55 g About 65 g About 140 g About 190 g Weight
Connector About 10 g About 20 g About 40 g About 90 g
Case Stainless Yellow Copper Material is
Surface for detection
PBT
*1. M18, M030 can be used at DC24V ±20% (Ave.) by uneven all-frequency commutator power. *2. DC10~30V of voltage and less than 100mA of control output is recommended when M8 is used Power: AC or DC Sensing object: Confirm materials of object. Setting distance: Suitable distance is to be set considering installation place. Standard sensing object: Confirm size of object. Control output: Confirm if it is matching the load capacity actually used. Protective structure: Confirm if the sensor is suitable for the actual environment.
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7. Terminology (to understand specification and performance) • Sensing distance/ detection distance • Differential travel • Set distance • Standard sensing object
• A distance from a standard Position for a sensor to activate when an object is moved in a specified way.
• A distance between sensing surface without any errors due to temperature and voltage and an position that sensing object passes by.
• Standard object to measure basic features. Shape, size and materials are set
• Difference between a distance to activate and that to return.
Detecting distance
Detecting surface
ON Ta
rget
Output
Proximity Sensor
Operating point
ON
Targ
et
Output
Proximity Sensor
Release position
OFF
Detecting Surface
ON
Targ
et
Output
Proximity Sensor
Detecting distance
OFF
Resetting distance
Proximity Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Standard target (shape Size Quality of the material)
Reference Position
Differential Travel
Reference Position
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• Response frequency • Shielded • Unshield
Non Metallic
Detecting distance
Output
Proximity sensor
Proximity sensor
Target
Proximity sensor
Target
• Output frequency per second to respond to continuous operation of a sensor
• Measurement method as the left figure
• Magnetic bundle concentrate in front and sides of sensing coil and surrounded with metal
• Possible to be bury in metal
• Magnetic bundle come about widely and sides of sensing coil are not covered with metal
• Need attention to the ones installed in a place where an influence by surrounding metal is expected
36
Sensor Chapter 3
Photo Electric Sensor .........................................................................................................................37
1. What is a photo electric sensor? ..................................................................................................37 2. Features by detection mode.........................................................................................................45 3. Installation/ wiring ......................................................................................................................57 4. Effective Use of sensor ...............................................................................................................61 5. Other Sensors ..............................................................................................................................63 6. Model Selection...........................................................................................................................67 7. Terminology (to understand functions/ performance).................................................................71
Maintenance of Sensor.......................................................................................................................73 1. Simple check on breakdown (of control output) .........................................................................73 2. Predict Breakdown ......................................................................................................................75 3. Noise Prevention .........................................................................................................................79
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Photo Electric Sensor 1. What is a photo electric sensor?
A device that uses transmitted light rays for detecting the existence of an object without coming into contact with the object
<Application>
1) Attributes of light
Photo electric sensor
Counter
Motor [Automatic door] A floodlight light receiver is installed insomewhere in front of a door where peopleare to pass. When someone comes, thelight will be blocked, thereby the receiverdetects some existence and sends a signalto the motor to open the door.
• Straight
Light travel straight in the air or water
• Reflection Mirror or glass reflects directly the light just as surface of sea or lake. White paper reflects the light in every direction, which is called diffused reflection
• Refractiion When the light is thrown slantly onto the glass or water, some is reflected and some go straight, in which case the direction would be slightly changed.
Air Water
Mirror
Direct reflection Diffuse reflection
White paper
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(2) Light Source Light <Direct > <Frequency modulated light> <Pulse modulated light> • Color and Type
X-ray Ultra-violet ray range Visible ray range Infrared ray range
Time 0
Radiation bundle
(light bundle)
Time0
Radiation bundle
(light bundle)
Time0
Radiation bundle
(light bundle)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1001
Green Light
Red Light
Laser
Pre infrared ray
Wavelength (nm)
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(3) Classification • Mode of detection Penetrating type
Features Amp. Separate type Superior in minor change detection
Amp. Built in type Easily connect with other electronic devices using DC Power
Power built-in type Easy to handle, free power
Optical fiber type Detect minor change, can be installed anywhere.
• Output mode (Refer to Chapter 5.1)
Retro reflective type
Reflection type
Object
Floodlight receiver
Recurring reflection board
Object
Floodlight receiver
• Diffused reflection type Object
Floodlight receiver
• Limited reflection type
Floodlight receiver
• Distance set type
Floodlight Light receiver
• Structure
Sensor part
Flood light elem
ent Light receiving
element
Amp part (Amplifier)
Power / controller part
Lens
Lens
Oscillate
Amplify
DC Power
Relay Contact output
Relay
Non-contact output
DC Power
AC Power
① ② ③
① Amp separate type
① +② Amp built-in type
① +② +③
Others
Power built-in type
Optical fiber type
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(4) Features 1. Long sensing distance
Detection is done with no contact, so an object is seldom affected by detection.
2. No limitation on detection object Detection is done by surface reflection, penetrating light, etc., so not only metal but also glass, plastic, lumber, liquid, etc. can be detected.
3. Quick response
Detection means itself is high speed without machine-like movement, the response speed is also very quick.
4. High resolution
Light is linear and wavelength is short, so that resolution is quite high. Suitable for small object detection and high accuracy.
5. Visible detection area (Visible rays) Light is easily condensed, diffused or refracted by optical means such as lens to make diffusion, refraction. A sensor with adequate detection area can be chosen according to detection object or environment.
6. Optical fiber can be used
Light can be thrown or received by optical fiber, so that it can be installed even in a limited or dangerous space using optical fiber.
7. No magnetic influence
The environment where a sensor is installed is most likely a place where heavily leaked magnetic exists. This sensor is not susceptible to this magnetic leakage, so it can provide stable operation.
8. Vulnerable to oil/dust attached to lens
If a lens gets dirty, a beam of light will be scattered or blocked. In case a sensor is used in such an environment with oil, vapor, dust, etc. filled in the place, adequate protection is required.
9. May be susceptible to strong surrounding light
Normal lighting seldom affects the function of this sensor, but a strong beam like sun beam may cause malfunction or damage a sensor, if the light receiver is exposed to the beam directly.
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2. Features by detection mode (1) Penetrating type (Thru-beam type)
• Detection Mode Install the floodlight and receiver face to face. The light from the floodlight is received in the receiver. When a detection object blocks the light, the light received in the receiver will change. Detection is done according to this change.
• Features • Stable operation and long detection distance (3-4 cm to 30-40cm) • Sensing position remains the same even if the position where an object
passes by changes • Luster, color, slant of an object seldom affects the function.
• Adjusting mode (see chapter 5.5)
• Operation Attributes
<Parallel operating range> <Excess gain - distance characteristics>
Parallel Operating R
ange
Excess Gain R
atio
E3S-AT[]1 E3S-AT[]1
distance (m)
distance (m)
Oscillation circuit
+
IN
Brown
Black
Blue
Floodlight
Focus distance
+
OUT
Brown
Black
Blue
Receiver
Focus distance
Slit
Receiving Lens
Photo-transistor Photo diode Filter
IndicatorFloodlight lens
Light axis
Valid diameter of lens (D)
External disturbance rays
Indicator
LED
Light receiving circuit
Sensing distance (l)
- -
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(2) Retro-reflective type
• Mode of detection The floodlight and receiver in one unit. The light from the floodlight is reflected in the reflection board installed in front of the floodlight and gets back to the receiver. When an object blocks the light, the volume received by the receiver changes and thereby detection is done.
• Features • Sensing distance 3-4 cm to 3-4 m • Easy wiring, easy adjustment of light axis (saving) • No influence by color and slant of detection object • Suitable for detection of minor change because the light go thru an
object twice • If the surface of an object is a mirror type, the receiver will receive
reflected light from an object itself, which may cause the same status for no object. This is prevented with MSR (Mirror surface Reflection) function.
• Adjusting mode (see chapter 5.4)
• Operation attributes
<Reflector parallel operation > <Receiver output vs. Set distance characteristics> Parallel O
peration Distance
Excess Gain
E3S-AR[]1 E3S-AR[]1 (Attached reflector: E39-R1)
distance (m)
distance (m)
Detection object
Filter
Slit Light receiving lens
Detection object
Receiving circuit
Oscillation circuit
Floodlight and receiver
LED
Photo transistorFloodlight axis
Light receiving lens
Light receiving axis Reflector
Brown
Black
Blue
Indicator
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(3) Diffused reflective type
• Mode of detection The floodlight and receiver in one unit. The floodlight emits light, which hits a detection object. The reflected light in the object goes back to the receiver. The light volume changes accordingly and he sensor detects the object.
• Features • Sensing distance 3-4 cm to 10 cm • Any kind of object is detectable • Easy to install • Ratio of reflection changes according to surface conditions (color or
uneven) of an object and then detection conditions also change
• Mode of adjustment
• Operation attributes
Filter
Slit Light receiving lens
Detection object Receiving circuit
Oscillation circuit
Floodlight and receiver
LED
Photo transistor Floodlight axis
Light receiving lens Light receiving axis
Blind spot
Brown
Blue
Indicator
Adjust sensitivity
Sensing distance (l)
Operation position
Sensing distance (cm)
<Operation range > <Size of object-set distance characteristics > E3S-AR[]1/AD[]2/AD[]3/AD[]8 E3S-AD[]1/AD[]2/AD[]3/AD[]8
distance x(m)
distance (m)
Detection object
<Receiver output-set distance characteristics E3S-AR[]1/AD[]2/AD[]3/AD[]8(White paper)
E3S-AD[]1/AD[]2/AD[]3/AD[]8 (Black paper)
Detection object
Excess Gain
Excess Gain
distance (m)
Detection object (black paper)
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(4) Definite reflective type
• Mode of detection The sensor detects an object by the reflected light in the detection object as diffused reflective type does. The floodlight and receiver are so installed that only direct reflection light is received by the receiver. Based on the triangulation principles, only an object at a fixed distance from the sensor is detectable.
• Features • Detect subtle difference • Detect an object in a fixed range • No influence by color of detection object • Susceptible to luster and slant of an object
• Operation attributes
Photo transistor
Sensitivity adjustment
Floodlight beam
Receiving circuit
Floodlight circuit
LED
Circuit adjust dial
Floodlight lens
Angle adjustment mechanism
Operation indicator
Floodlight
Floodlight
Sensitivity adjustment
Floodlight beam
<Operation range >
Operation position Y
(cm)
Operation position Y
(cm)
E3S-LS3R (ex.1) E3C-LS3R (ex.2)
Detection of object
Light axis
Detection distance X (mm)
Direction of object
Light axis
Detection distance X (mm)
Light axis
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Adjust sensitivity Light receiving lens
Receiving axis
Receiving circuit
Oscillation circuit
Floodlight / receiver
LED
Photo transistor
Floodlight axis
Light receiving lens
Marking
Brown
Black
Blue
Indicator
(5) Marking sensor
• Mode of detection Light from floodlight is set to hit an object at 90° and the receiver is set to receive only diffused light from the object. As a result, not influence by the luster but light/ shade can be detected. Light source comes in red LED and green LED. It is necessary to choose one light source according to an object and the color underneath it.
• Features • Detect registered marking • No influence by luster of object
• Operation Characteristics
Ratio of reflection by color
Green sourceRed source
Reflection ratio
Reflection ratio
White Red Green Black White Red Green Black
Color Color
Red GreenWhite - Red White - Green
Red - Green Black - RedBlack - Green White - Black
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(6) Distance setting type (Definite type)
• Mode of detection Basically same with marking sensor. Receiving elements of the receiver incorporate PSD (positioning detection element) or photo diode with two parts. Set to detect an object within fixed distance from a sensor Detectable according to light images from the floodlight.
• Features • Seldom influenced by surface condition and color of an object • Not susceptible to background
• Operation characteristics
Detection range
Set distance Set distance adjustable
Floodlight LED
N: Near F: Far
Light receiving elements (photo diode with 2 parts)
<Operation range characteristics >
Operation position
Operation position
E3S-CL1 E3S-CL1
Distance setting polium
Light beam
Sensing distance X (mm) Sensing distance X (mm)
White paper
Set distance 200mm
Black paper
<Size of detection object-set distance characteristics >
Standard detection object (white paper)
Set distance
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3. Installation/ wiring
• Mutual interference When more than 2 sets of sensors are used side by side, one may be affected by another, which causes unstable output.
Prevention
Concept Penetrating type Reflective type
1
Use sensor with anti intervention function
Use sensor with anti-intervention function when sensors are used closely each other
2.
Attach anti-intervention filter
Up to 2 units can be closely installed using polarizing filter
3 Use sensor with anti-invention function
Confirm parallel operation distance characteristics stated in the catalog and set the distance between sensors 1.5 times as far as the parallel operation distance range.
Output may cause chattering just before or after detection. Set the distance between sensors 1.5 times as operation range.
4 Place floodlight and receiver side by side
Up to 2 units can be closely installed by placing floodlight and receiver side by side
5 Change light axis Place the sensors as follow, when sensors are to b put face to face ( because chattering may be caused even though they are away more than detection distance
6 Adjust sensitivity Low sensitivity improve the situation in general
Same as left
Object
SensorsSensors
1.5 X L
Floodlight Floodlight
Receiver ReceiverObject
Sensor
θ θ
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(2) Installation surface/ background / external disturbance light
• Installation surface
• Background
• External disturbance light (3) Protective structure (see chapter 5.3) (4) Wiring (see chapter 5.2)
(a Sensing object
Floodlight Receiver
(a(Diffused reflective type)
Floodlight/receiver
(b Sensing objectFloodlight Receiver
Light blockChange installation height
(Penetrating/retro-reflective type)
(b Floodlight/receiver
Change installation height
Floodlight/receiver Sensing object
Stay far
Background (Low reflection ratio)
Attach hood
Change angle
Receiver Light source
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(5) Sensing object and response speed Response speed is the duration from the point when the sensor detects and object to the point when it send a signal. Response speed of sensor is decided depending on the size of object and movement speed.
<How to chose response speed> Existence detection 80% of response time for detection
• Positioning detection • The faster the speed of the product that is to be detected, the higher
the accuracy the sensor must have • The faster the response speed of the sensor is, the more vulnerable the
sensor is to noise.
• Relation with connected device • If the response speed is too fast, the machine connected to it (such as
PLC may not be able to catch the signal. • It is necessary to choose a sensor with adequate response speed to your
need and conditions
Size of object (mm)
Movement speed of object (m/sec) = Movement duration (m/sec)
eg) Size of object 1mm Blocked duration 1msec
Movement speed of object 1m/sec Sensor’s response speed 0.8~1 msec
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4. Effective Use of sensor (1) Detection of uneven surface
Tilt the sensor to avoid direct reflection in the film (2) Detection of small object
Choose a sensor with small light spot.
(3) Detection of transparent object Select retro-reflective type.
(4) Extend sensing distance of retro-reflective type Use more than 2 pcs of retro-reflectors, which generate more volume of reflective light.
Reflection in the object
Film
Reflection in the film
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5. Other Sensors (1) Optical fiber sensor
It detects a small object. Installation place could be anywhere.
• Fiber structure
• Fiber structure
• Adjusting method (see chapter 5.4)
Clad
Sensing object
Photo diodeCore
Floodlight LED
Inserted until the end ?
Cross section at 90° reflective surface ?
Locked already ?Any extra pressure applied ? Radius for bent within
specified range ?
No stain nor scratch on the head?
Fiber unit
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• Application
Give it some angle
Receiver
Attach lens
Upper limit
Lower limit
Sensing object: Non-processed fiber wire
Receive refracted light from wrinkle
Wafer conveyor arm
Wafer conveyor arm
Wafer conveyor arm
Reflected light in the screw face
Good
NG
① Detect broken tooth of drill Usable for oil/chemicals-filled environment. A thin drill teeth can be detected by teaching without object.
② Inspect transparent food package
Detect wrinkles in package. Install the floodlight and receiver at a certain angle. The light is diffused where there is wrinkle.
③ Detect water level of tube Set the floodlight and receiver at a certain angle and attach a lens only to the floodlight. When the water level gets lower, the light is blocked, thereby the accuracy is ±1mm
④ Detect non-processed fiber wire Detect 1 mm diameter of transparent non-processed fiber wire by wafer sensor
⑤ Detect wafer Detect an object within a certain range by definite reflective sensor. It receives direct reflective light in the wafer
Wafer cassette
⑥ Detect screw hole Detect if aluminum dyecast part is tapped. Fiber is set at certain angle. Quite a small screw hole can be detected.
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(2) Specialized sensors • Fiber luster sensor
Stable detection of subtle difference in luster • Anti-vacuum fiber unit
Usable in a vacuum tube. (Leakage: less than 1x10-10 Pa m3/S) • Liquid lens fiber unit
Anti-sulphuric acid/high-temperature (up to 200°C) • LED /ON confirm sensor
The sensor only has the receiver and catches the light from LED. Use for indicator inspection
• Tape detection
E3X-NL
Vacuum tube Vacuum condition
OutsideLens unit
Vacuum fiber (2pcs/set) Fringe
Outside fiber (2pcs/set) Amp. unit
• Detection principles
No difference in refraction raito between teflon* and the liquid in the liquid and the light is emitted to the liquid.
Big difference in refraction ratio between teflon and the liquid in the air and the light is reflected on the surface of object and returns to the receiver
* Teflon is a registered trademark of fluorine resin of Dupont and Mitsu-Dupont Florochemical Co., Ltd.
E32-D82F
Air
Liquid
Liquid
Air
• Inspect a segment indicator
E3X-A11-8
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• Transparent detection For glass wafer, PET bottle Transparent bottle
• Paper package
Detect liquid contents in the paper package • Anti-environment
Coated with Telfon superior in anti-oil/chemicals. Round edge of lens fricks drops of water
*Telfon is registered trade mark of fluorine resin of Dupont and Mitsui Dupont florochemical Co. Ltd.
PET, transparent bottle detection
E3S-R
PET bottle
Reflector
Milk detection in package
Milk package
Good Light is blocked
Light is received
NG
Detect broken drill teeth (in oil/chemicals-filled environment)
E3HQ-CT11/CT12
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6. Model Selection (1) Points for good selection
Penetrating type Reflective type Sensing Object ① Size and shape
(length x depth x height) ② Transparent ratio (non-transparent, half-transparent, full-transparent) ③ Movement speed V (m/s or
pcs/ min)
Sensing object ① Size and shape (length x depth x height) ② Color ③ Materials (steel, lumber, paper,
etc). ④ Surface (rugged, luster) ⑤ Movement speed V (m/s or
pcs/min)
Sensor ① Sensing distance (L) ② Restriction on shape and size a) Sensor b) Retro-reflector for retro-
reflective type ③ Use of several sensors a) Quantity b) Installation pitch c) Alternate installation Restriction on installation (install at certain angle to object)
Sensor ① Sensing distance (distance to object) (L)
② Restrictions on shape and size ③ Use of several sensors a) Quantity b) Installation pitch ④ Restrictions on installation (Install at certain angle to object)
Environment ① Surrounding temperature ② Use of water, oil, chemicals ③ Others
Background ① Color ② Material (Steel, lumber, paper, etc). ④ Surface (rugged, luster)
Environment ① Surrounding temperature ② Use of water, oil, chemicals ④ Others
Application
Application
Retro-reflective type
Sensor
Environment
L
V
Sensing object
or
Sensor
Environment
L
V
Sensing object
Background
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(2) Catalog Usage Specific function/ performance
Penetrating Type Retro-reflective (with MSR) Diffused reflective type Mode of detection
E3S-AT11, 16, 21, 31, 36, 41, 61, 66, 71, 81, 86, 91
E3S-AR11, 16 , 21, 31, 36, 41, 61, 66, 71, 81, 86, 91
E3S-AD 23, 43, 73, 93
E3S-AD 13, 18, 33, 38, 63, 68, 83, 88
E3S-AD 11, 16, 21, 31, 36, 41, 61, 66, 71, 81, 86, 91
E3S-AD 12, 17, 22, 32, 37, 42, 62, 67, 72, 82, 87, 92
Current/ voltage DC10~30V including 10% of Ripple (p-p) Electric current consumed Less than 40mA (floodlight
+ receiver) (abt 15mA increases when turbo SW is on)
Less than 30mA (abt 15mA increases when turbo SW is on)
Less than 35mA Less than 30mA (abt 15mA increases when turbo SW is on)
Less than 35mA
White paper 0~7 m 0.1~2m 0~10cm ( wide range) 0.1~20cm 0~70cm Sensing distance Black paper 0~7 m 0.1~2m 0.3~2.5 cm 0.3~2.3 cm 0 mm.15~33cm
Standard detection object (white paper)
More than 7mm More than 30mm 10x10cm 20x20cm
Installation angle 3 ~ 15° 3 ~ 10°
Margin of difference in sensing distance
Less than ±30%, -0%
Differential travel Less than 20% of sensing distance Less than 10% of sensing distance
Less than 20% of sensing distance
Sensing distance with attachment
2.4m(E39-E6) 2.5m (2mm of slit) 1.1m (1mm of slit) 0.5m (0.5mm of slit)
10~130° (E39-R3) 7~60° (E39-R4)
Sensing distance with attachment
2.4m(E39-E6) 2.5m (2mm of slit) 1.1m (1mm of slit) 0.5m (0.5mm of slit)
10~130° (E39-R3) 7~60° (E39-R4)
Smallest sensing object Less than ±2° (light receiving status at the specified distance on the extension of machine axis)
Less than ±2°
Response time Less than 0.5ms both for operation and return
Control output Less than DC 30V 100mA (less than1 V of remaining voltage), open corrector (less than 0.4V or remaining voltage at 16mA)
Self diagnosis output Less than DC 30V 50mA (less than1 V of remaining voltage), open corrector (less than 0.4V or remaining voltage at 16mA) (only for those with self diagnosis output)
Input voltage <NPN type> Floodlight OFF : Short circuit or less than 1.5 at OV (less than1mA of leaking current) Floodlight ON : Open (less than 0.1mA of leaking current) <PNP Type> Floodlight OFF : Short circuit at + DC (+ side of power supply) or less than –1.5 at +DC (less than 3mA of absorbed current) Floodlight ON : Open (less than 0.1mA of leaking current)
External diagnosis input
Response time
Less than 0.5ms
Incandescent lamp
Illumination on the light receiving surface: less than 5,000 l x External diagnosis input Sun rays Illumination on the light receiving surface: less than 10,000 l x
Surrounding temp. -25~+55°(provided that it is not frozen)
Surrounding humidity 35~85% RH Insulated resistance More than 20M l (at DC500V) Anti-voltage AC 1,000V 50/60 Hz 1 min Vibration Tolerance: 10~55Hz 1.5mm of double amplitude or 300m/S2 (abt 30G) 20hrs each in X,Y and Z direction Shock Tolerance: 500m/S2 (abt 50G) 3 times each in X,Y and Z directions Protective structure IEC spec. IP67, MemA4X (suitable for indoor use) R*2
*1. See M.S.R function and its effect on page 45. *2. NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) specification
① Power: AC or DC ② Sensing distance: confirm if it is sufficient considering actual installation place ③ Standard sensing object : confirm size of object ④ Standard sensing object : confirm if it suits the load capacity actually connected ⑤ Protective structure : confirm if the sensor is suitable for the actual environment
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Specifications
E3S-A type E3S-B type
No diagnosis Diagnosis (with timer/ turbo function Diffused reflective type Diffused reflective type Penetrating retro-
reflective types (with MSR function) *1
10cm *2 20cm 70cm
Penetrating retro-reflective types (with MSR)
10cm *2 20cm 70cm
Penetrating retro-reflective types (with MSR), diffused reflective type
E3S-AT11, AR11 E3S-AT16, AR16 E3S-AT61, AR61 E3S-AT66, AR66
E3S-AD13 E3S-AD63 E3S-AD18 E3S-AD68
E3S-AD11 E3S-AD16 E3S-AD61 E3S-AD66
E3S-AD12 E3S-AD17 E3S-AD62 E3S-AD67
E3S-AT21 E3S-AR21 E3S-AT71 E3S-AR71
E3S-AD23 E3S-AD73
E3S-AD21 E3S-AD71
E3S-AD22 E3S-AD72
E3S-BT11, BR11 E3S-BD11, BT11 E3S-BR61, BD61
Type
NPN type
Model PNP output
E3S-AT31, AR11 E3S-AT36, AR36 E3S-AT81, AR81 E3S-AT86, AR86
E3S-AD33 E3S-AD83 E3S-AD38 E3S-AD88
E3S-AD31 E3S-AD36 E3S-AD81 E3S-AD86
E3S-AD32 E3S-AD37 E3S-AD82 E3S-AD87
E3S-AT41 E3S-AR41 E3S-AT91 E3S-AR91
E3S-AD43 E3S-AD93
E3S-AD41 E3S-AD91
E3S-AD42 E3S-AD92
E3S-BT31, BR31 E3S-BD31, BT81 E3S-BR81, BD81
Light source Red LED (70nm)
Red LED (800nm)
Red LED (700nm)
Red LED (880nm)
Red LED (700nm)
Red LED (880nm)
Red LED (700nm)
Red LED (880nm)
Red LED (770nm)
Sensitivity 2-turn endless polyum with indicator (see page 168)
Diagnosis function Self/ external diagnosis
Self diagnosis
Timer 0~100ms OFF-delay variable adjuster
Turbo function Yes (with turbo SW) see page 169
Connection mode Code/connector Code Code
Mass 2m code : about 60g connector type : about 11g about 60g about 56g
Control output SW mode Darn ON or Light ON ( switchable ) Dark ON or Light ON (wire-selectable)
Output mode Open collector electric current output (NPN or PNP)
Protective circuit Load short circuit protection, reverse connection protection, mutual interference prevention functions (except penetrating type)
Operation indicator Light indicator (red) and stability indicator (green); emission indicator (red) for emitter of penetrating type
Case: Polybutylene terephtalate
Lens/ indicator window: Denaturation polylyallylate
Materials
Mounting bracket: Stainless steel
Attachment Mounting bracket, sensitivity adjuster knob, screws , sensitivity adjuster cover, close-mounting place (only for sensors with connector terminals) and reflector (E39-R1) (only for retro-reflective type)
Mounting bracketing sensitivity adjuster knob, screws, sensitivity adjuster cover, close-mounting plate and reflector (E39-R1 : only for retro-reflective type)
*1. See M.S.R. function an its effect on page 45 *2. This is wide range type without turbo function
Light source: Choose the right source for stable detection Timer: Confirm if it is necessary to make the signal longer for stable detection
when detection signal is short.
Several
The signal cannot be captured because it is too short
Sensor
Extend the signal to Tsec so that the signal can be received
Off-delay timer
T
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7. Terminology (to understand functions/ performance)
Illustration Explanation
Sensing distance
Thru-beam Retro-reflective Diffused reflective
• Penetrating, Retro-reflective Distance that is guaranteed to be set considering temp. fluctuation and condition of each product.
• Diffused reflective
Guaranteed for stable operation considering temp. fluctuations and condition for each product when standard object white paper is used
• Actual figures in a normal condition
are longer for each type
Installation angle • Penetrating, retro-reflective, Range of angle for operation possible as a photo-electric sensor
Differential Travel • Diffused reflective Difference in distance between working point and return point. In general it is indicated as a ration to specified sensing distance .
Non-sensing Zone • Diffused reflective, Retro-reflective Non operation area away from floodlight area and receiving area, around the lens surface.
Response Time • Time lag between ON/OFF of light input and working/ return of control output.
Floodlight Receiver
Sensing distance
Floodlight Reflector
Sensing distance
Floodlight Object
Sensing distance
Receiver
Angle
Floodlight
Floodlight
OFF
Return
ON
Operation distance
Object
Non-sensing zone
Receiving area
Floodlight area
Time toreturn (Toff)
Operation time (Ton)
Light input
Control output
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Illustration Explanation Blocked Operation
• Blocked Operation (Dark ON)
Output when bundle of light is shut down.
Light receiving Operation (Light ON)
• Light-receiving Operation (Light ON)
Output when bundle if light increases
Surrounding Illumination
• It is indicated as illumination in the receiver’s receiving surface and also as surrounding illumination which changes ± 20° % to 200 l of receiving output. This is not operation limit lighting until malfunction occurs.
• Illumination on the surface is measured as
(A) in the left figure. External disturbance light affects the receiver. Therefore, the measurement of (A) is the basis of external light disturbance illumination.
• Illumination in (B) and (C) is
indefinite because the degree of influence on the receiver changes according to set distance D and reflection ratio in the white paper
M.S.R Function (Mirror Surface Reflection)
Light receiving function from retro-reflector, using built-in polarized filter and features of retro-reflector. • The light which goes thru polarized
filter at the floodlight side, changes into horizontal wave.
• The light which reflects in the triangular pyramid of the reflector, changes into vertical wave.
• That reflected light reaches receiving element thru polarized filter at receiving side.
No objectObject
Working Working
No object Object
Working Working
Receiving output 100%
Operation limit distanceSurrounding lighting
200l x receiving output
Lighting (l)
Illumination on the receiving surface
White paper
Floodlight ReceiverIlluminator
Reflector lamp
Illumination on the detection surface
White paper
IlluminatorReceiverFloodlight
Reflector lamp
Background illumination
Illuminator Reflector lamp
ReceiverFloodlight
White paper
Retro-reflector
Horizontal wave
Horiztontal polarized filter
Floodlight
Receiving part
Vertical polarized filter
Vertical wave
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Maintenance of Sensor 1. Simple check on breakdown (of control output)
Output Mode and Check Method Diagnosis • NPN open connector output
• NPN corrector voltage output w/ built in load
*Normal condition : Voltage measured changes from [L] to [H] when no object passes by.
• Relay contact output *Normal condition measured changes from [L] to [H] when no
object passes by.
Install Resistance between Brown and Black and measure voltage by Tester between black and blue
Measure voltage between black and blue
R
Tester Blue
Brown
Black
Tester Blue
Brown
Black
Tc
Ta Tb
Measure Resistance between contacts by Tester
Output Mode Voltage
Output Transistor ON Output transistors OFF
[L]…less than 1 V (remaining voltage) [H]… Power source voltage
Object Mode Contact ON Contact OFF
[L] …less than 30-40m Ω [H]…More than 100m Ω
V
V
Ω
Ω
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2. Predict Breakdown (1) Self-diagnosis function
In case of sensor with self-diagnosis function, it’s indicator or output indicates sensor’s condition that changes according to environment or temperature fluctuations. Therefore, preventive maintenance is possible.
• Photo electric sensor
Status of Indicator
Receiving/ Blocking
status indicated by
Red indicator
Excess gain to temp. change indicated by
Green indicator
Self-diagnosis
output
Example of Diagnosis
I
Stable operation
(Excess gain: more than
10~20%) (Green: indicator ON)
II
Light-receiving (Red indicator: ON)
III
Output signals if this status
continue for a given duration
IV
Light-blocking (Red
indicator: OFF)
Stable operation
(Excess gain: more than
10~20%) (Green Indicator: ON)
I I III IV
V2 x 120% V3
V2
V1
Light reception indicator
Stable indicator
Self-diagnosis indicator
Light ON output
Light ON output
Operation level
V2 x 80%
I : Stable reception level II : Unstable reception level III : Unstable blocking level IV : Stable blocking level
* The light volume changes from left to right for penetrating type
* The light volume changes from right to left for reflective type
Green Red
Operation Level x L~1.2
Green Red
Operation Level
Green Red
Green Red
Operation Level x 0.8~0.9
• Slight disturbance in light axis due to vibration
• Stain on the lens Stain
• Leaking light from object (Penetrating retro-reflective type)
• Reflective light for floor/background (Diffused reflective)
Object
• Influence by external noise
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77
• Proximity Sensor (2) External diagnosis input function
It can be confirmed that sensor’s working properly, if control output changes when external diagnosis output is turned ON/OFF. If control output remains ON or OFF, the sensor may be out of order. Thus, sensor condition can be inspected before actual operation by external diagnosis input function.
Proximity Sensor
100 80(%Specified detection
distance ONOFF
Green Indicator
ONOFF
Red Indicator
ONOFF
Control Output
ONOFF
Diagnosis Output*
Non-detection area
Unstable detection area
Stable detection area
External diagnosis input : OFF [Blue (Black)-light Pink (Gray) open]
Emit Light Control output OFF
External diagnosis input: ON [Blue (Black)-light Pink (Gray) short circuit]
Stop emission (create blocked status by object electrically)
Control output ON
Control output OFF abnormal
normal
Before movement
Floodlight
Brown (Red)
Brown (Red)
Light Pink (Gray)
External diagnosis input
ReceiverBrown (Red)
Blue (Black)
Black (White)
Control output
Load
ReceiverBrown (Red)
Blue (Black)
Black (White)
Control output
Load
Floodlight
Brown (Red)
Brown (Red)
Light Pink (Gray)
External diagnosis input
Before movement
Sensor Chapter 4
78
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Sensor Chapter 4
79
3. Noise Prevention
General prevention for each type of noise, as follows:
Influence Route and Prevention
Common mode noise (Inverter Noise)
Installation stand (metal) conducts noise from its source
① Earth inverter motor (class 3) ② Earth the source of noise and Power supply (OV) by condenser (Film condenser
0.22 µ F630V ③ Insert insulator between sensor and installation stand (metal) (Plastic, rubber, etc.)
Radiated Noise Noise reaches the sensor diffused in the air
1. Put shield board (copper) between sensor and noise source (Switching Power) 2. Keep the sensor way from the noise source as far a possible.
Power supply wire noise Noise comes from Power Supply wire 1. Insert condenser, noise filter, varistor, etc.
Prevention Sensor +V
-V
Installation stand (metal) Noise
1 M
Inverter motor
Installation stand (metal)
Sensor + 0
Noise
1 M
Inverter motor
Insulator
Prevention
Source of noise Sensor
+V0 V
Source of noise Sensor
+V0 V
Sensor
Noise
Noise+V 0V
Prevention Sensor +V 0V
Condenser, etc.
Shield board (copper0
Sensor Chapter 4
80
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Sensor Chapter 5
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
Common Information 1. Output Mode of Sensor
• DC 2-wire • AC 2-wire
• DC 3-wire (NPN open collector output)
• AC 3-wire (NPN open collector output
• DC 2-wire (NPN voltage output)
* When Tr circuit is connected
• Contact Output
• AC 3-wire (PNP voltage output)
Sensor Main Circuit
Load Brown
Blue
~
*Load can be connected with either side of +V.0
* When Tr circuit is connected
Sensor Main Circuit
0 V
+VBrown
Brown
Black Output
Load
Tri*
0 V
Sensor Main Circuit
+VBrown
Brown
Black Output
Load
* Tri
Sensor Main Circuit
Load
0 V
+VBrown
Brown
Black Output Sensor
Main Circuit
0 V
+VBrown
Brown
Load
Black Output
Sensor Main Circuit
Load
Load
0 V
+V
Brown
Brown
Sensor main circuit
Red
Blue
White
Black
Gray
Contact Output
AC24-240V DC12-240V
Power supply
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
-Memo-
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
2. Precautions to wiring Load short-circuit • Miss-wiring • Connection without load
<AD 2-Wire>
<DC 3-wire>
Sensor
Load
+ - (Load short-
circuit)
Black
Blue
Brown
Sensor - +
(Load short-circuit)
Yellow
Brown
Load
<Polarity of power>
Sensor
Load
- +
Black (white)
Blue
Brown
<Position of load>
<DC 2-wire>
Sensor
Without load
- + Blue
Brown
Sensor + - Yellow
BrownLoad
Blue
Sensor Section 5
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-Memo-
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
3. Protective structure
The specifications provided by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is one of the standards of sensor’s protective structure.
Class Protection degree 0
No protection
1
Prevent solid object of more than 50mm diameter (eg. hand)
2
Prevent slid object of more than 12.5mm diameter (eg. Finger)
3
Prevent wire/ solid object of more than 2.5mm diameter
4
Prevent wire/ solid object of more than 1mm diameter
5
Prevent fine articles that may affect machine operation or safety
6
No fine particles
Class Protection degree 0 No protection No protection in particular No testing
1
Rain No harmful influence by water drops from above
Spray water for 10mins by spray device
2
Rain No harmful influence by water drops from above; within 15° to vertical line
Install water spray device slant-wise by 15° and spray water for 15mins (2.5 min for each direction)
3
Rain No harmful influence by water drops from above; within 60° to the vertical line
Spray water for the area of 60° from the vertical line by the testing device shown right
4
Splash No harmful influence by water splash from any direction
Spray water 10mins in every direction by the testing device show right.
5
Water jet No harmful influence by direct strong water from any direction
Spray water for 1 min/ 1 m2 of the surface area, at least more than 3mins total by the testing device shown right.
6
Stronger jet No harmful influence by direct strong water from any direction
Spray water for 1 min/ 1 m2 of the surface area, at least more than 3mins total by the testing device shown right
7
Soaked in the water No water invasion under specified pressure and duration
Soaked it at 1m from the surface in the water for 30mins
8
Submergence Usable in the water According to agreement between manufacturer and user
___ ___
∅ 50mm
∅ 12.5mm
IEC spec. (IEC529) JEM (Japanese Electrical Membership)
Class
F
G
Protective degree
Anti-oil
Oil-proof
No harmful influence by oil drop/ bubble from any direction No oil drop/ bubble can go inside
NEMA (National electrical Manufacturers Association) Conversion table from NEMA enclosure to IE529 (Reverse conversion not possible)
MENA250 ICE529
1 2 3
3R 3S
IP10 IP11 IP54 IP14 IP54
MENA250 ICE529
4, 4x 5 6, 6p 12, 12p 13
IP56 IP52 IP67 IP52 IP54
∗ IP67 of proximity sensor. In addition to the following tests, sensing distance, insulated resistance were confirmed to satisfy the performance by repeating head shock cycle 5 times: 1 hr in 0 °C water ← → 1 hr in 70 °C hot water. ** Condition of Proximity sensor E2F: natural condition within 10m from surface in water
Water protection class
200mm
200mm
15°
0.07 l /min
0.07 l /min
2.5 ~ 3m12.5 l /min
2.5 ~ 3m100 l /min
1m
Protection class against oil Protection symbol (Int’l Protection) Protection class against solid foreign object
____ IPIP
Sensor Section 5
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-Memo-
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
4. Mode of Adjustment (3) Penetrating, retro-reflective type
Sequence ① Reading A ② Reading B ③ Set-up
Detection condition
Volume for sensitivity adjustment
Indicator
Adjustment Procedures
Turn the volume to the right (Sensitivity up) Both Green & Red indicators are on ⇒(A)
Put the object in the Right place and turn the volume to the left. Green indicator goes off and Red indictor goes off and then green goes ON again ⇒(B). (Optional sensitivity setting)
Then , remove the object and confirm that both Red + Green indicators go ON.
(2) Diffused reflective type
Sequence ① Reading A ② Reading B ③ Set-up
Detection condition
Volume for sensitivity adjustment
Indicator
Adjustment procedures
Turn the volume to the right (Sensitivity up) Both Green & Red indicators are on ⇒(A)
Put the object in the Right place and turn volume to the left. Green indicator goes off and Red indicator goes off then green goes ON again ⇒(B). (Optional sensitivity setting)
Then, remove the object and confirm that both Red + Green indicators go ON.
w/o object
Operation
Operation Reflector
Operation Reflector
w/ object
w/ object
w/o object
Operation
Operation Reflector
(A)(B) (B)
OFF → ON
Stable level (Green)
Operation (Red)
OFF → ON ON → OFF → ON
ON Stable level (Green)
Operation (Red)
ON → OFF ON
Stable level (Green)
ON Operation (Red)
OFF → ON
Object
ObjectBackground
Photo-electric Photo-electric
ON → OFF
Stable level (Green)
Operation (Red)
OFF → ON ON → OFF
ON Stable level (Green)
Operation (Red)
ON → OFF ON
Stable level (Green)
ON Operation (Red)
ON → OFF
(A) (C)
(B)
(A) (C)
Sensor Section 5
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Sensor Section 5
PAGE
(3) Fiber Sensor Auto-turning • Set-up maximum sensitivity
Process Operation E3X-NT 1 Set fiber within sensing distance
2 Select “Teach” mode
3
Super-flashing function works. Adjust the light axis so that edge of the floodlight fiber is on. (Flashing and buzz when the light axis is off the course
4
Press Teaching button (more than 3 seconds)(regardless of object existence)
Note: Buzz stops when teaching button is released
5
Set “Run” mode Max sensitivity setting completed
Note: For this setting, sensitivity is automatically set regardless of the situation of light-blocked or receiving.
6
Set the desired logical output by (L.ON/D. ON)
• Teaching Without Object Process Operation E3X-NT
1 Set the fiber within detection distance 2
Select “Teach” mode
3
Super-flashing function works. Adjust the light axis so that edge of floodlight fiber is on. (Flashing and buzz when the light axis is off the course
4
Press Teaching button without object (0.5~2.5 seconds)
Note: Buzz stops when teaching button is released
5
Set “Run” mode Teaching setting completes when the 1st object passes by.
6
Set the desired logical output by (L.ON /D. ON) switch
Note: 1. To detect dark objects in front of bright backgrounds, set the operation mode selector to D.ON. 2. If the set distance is very short (i.e., 0 to 12mm for the E32-TC200 and 0 to 4mm for theE32-DC200), no object
teaching is impossible due to excessive light, in which case, perform with/ without object teaching. 3. If the teaching button is pressed for more than three seconds, the sensitivity of the E3X-N[] will be set to maximum,
at which time the green indicator will be lit. 4. The sensor will be ready to detect objects in approximately one second after the mode selector is set to
Teaching indicator…Red→Green ON
Buzz (built-in……….Once for Red ON continues for Green ON
Teaching indicator…OFF
TEACH
RUN
TEACH More than 3 sec
TEACH
RUN
L
D
ON
ON
TEACH
RUN
TEACH Once
TEACH
RUN
L
D
ON
ON
Teaching indicator…Red ON
Buzz (built-in)………Buzz once
Teaching indicator....Red ON→Green ON (Automatically off in one sec)
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
• Teaching With and Without Object Process Operation E3X-NT
1 Set fiber within sensing distance
2 Select “Teach” mode
3
Super-flashing function works. Adjust the light axis so that edge of floodlight fiber is on. (Flashing and buzz when the light axis is off the course.)
4
Place the object in the right place and press the teaching button (1st time)
5
Shift the object and press the teaching button (2nd time)
6
Set “Run” mode Teaching with and without object completed
7
Set the desired logical output by (L.ON/ D. ON) switch
Note: 1.Sensor memorizes the density that it learned in the teaching, even when power is off.
Teaching indicator…Red ON Buzz (built-in)……….….Buzz (once)
Redo 1 to 5, the position object and set distance being changed
Teaching NG
Teaching indicator….Red ON→Green ON
Buzz (built-in) ……..Three times
Teaching OK
Teaching Indicator…Red ON→Green ON
Buzz (built-in) ……..Once
Teaching indicator…..Green ON→OFF
Penetrating fiber Reflective fiber Reflective fiber
Blocked status
Marking
Base
Penetrating fiber Reflective fiber Reflective fiber
Blocked
Marking
Base
TEACH
RUN
TEACH 1st time
TEACH 2nd time
TEACH
RUN
L
D
ON
ON
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
(4) Luster Sensor Auto-tuning • Two-point teaching
Process Operation E3X-NT 1 Set the head within the sensing distance
2
Select “Teach” mode
3
Press the teaching button. The object should be there
4
Press Teaching button without object (2nd time)
5
Set “Run” mode Sensitivity setting completed
6
Set the desired logical output by (L.ON/ D. ON) SW
• One-point Teaching Process Operation E3X-NT
1
Select “Teach” mode
2
Press the teaching button. Where you need to detect (Base or Object)
3
Set “Run” mode Setting completes when the 1st object passes by
Teaching indicator…Red ON→Green ON Buzz (built-in)……..Once
Object
Base
Teaching indicator…Red ON Buzz (built-in)……..Once
Object
Base
Teaching OK
Teaching indicator…Red ON→Green flashing Buzz (built-in)……..Three times
Teaching NG
Redo 1 to 4, the position of object and set distance being changed
Teaching indictor…Green ON→OFF
TEACH
RUN TIMER
ON
OFF
TEACH
TEACH
TEACH
RUN TIMER
ON
OFF
L.ON D.ON
Teaching indicator …Red On
Buzz (built-in)……….Once
Teaching indicator…Red On→Green ON
TEACH
RUN TIMER
ON
OFF
TEACH
TEACH
RUN TIMER
ON
OFF
Sensor Section 5
PAGE
4 Set the distance logical output (L. ON/ D.ON)
-Memo-
L.ON D.ON
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
Appendix 1. Measurement
Classification Measurement Machine Sound Frequency Electricity Magnet Temperature Humidity Light Chemistry Information Biology
Length, thickness, displacement, vibration, wind velocity, speed of current, acceleration, revolving angle, rotation frequency, torque, moment, mass, weight, size of current, power, pressure, vacuum degree. Noise, sound pressure. Frequency, cycle, phase, wavelength, time. Electric current/voltage/power/load, resistance inductance, capacity, impedance, electric magnetism. Magnetic bundle, magnetic field Temperature, heat, specific heat. Humidity, hydration ratio. Lux, luminous intensity, color, ultra violet rays infrared ray, light displacement, interference, polarized light. Purity, density , components, PH, stickness granular degree, specific gravity, fluid, liquid, solid analysis Analog, digital, calculation, transmission, correlation, shape. Heartbeat, blood pressure, blood current, brain waves, blood current impact, blood current oxygen glut degree, blood gas partial pressure, fluid amount, body temp., pulse wave, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, electro retinagram, magnetic-cardiogram.
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
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Sensor Appendix
PAGE
2. Examples of Sensor PC Connection Photo-electric
Proximity
Sensor output
spec
Sensor
PC Input unit (eg. 200H) Representative Card #
E2E-XD-N E2EC-[]D E2E-W[]D E2E-N[]D E2E-Q[]D E2EZ-XD E2FQ-X[]D
DC 2-wire
Main Example C200H-IM211/212 C200H-ID211/212 CQM1-ID211/212/213
E3C-A/C E3C-JC4P E3C-A/B/C E3X E3S-LS[]C E3L-LS[]C E3L E3V
E2E-X[]E E2C-JC4AP E2E-X[]C E2F E2EC-[]C TL-W[]C/E TL-N[]E TL-Q[]C
NPN open collector
type NPN
voltage output type
Main Example C200H-ID211/212 C200H-IM211/212 CQM1-ID221/211/212/213
E3C-A/C E3C-JC4rP E3C-A/B/C E3X-N E3X E3S-LS[]C E3L E3V
E2E-X[]E E2CJC4AP E2E-X[]C E2F E2EC-[]C TL-W[]C/E TL-N[]E TL-Q[]C
PNP open collector
type PNP
voltage output type
Main Example C200H-ID211/212 C200H-IM211/212 CQM1-ID221/211/212/213
E3JM-[]M E3JK-[]M E3E2
E2E-X[]Y E2K-[]Y TL-N[]Y E2F-X[]Y
AC 2-wire
Main Example C200H-IA121/122 C200H-IA221/222 CQM1-IA121 CQM1-IA221
Main Circuit
Brown
Blue
Internal Circuit
I
COM
DC24V
Main Circuit
Brown
Blue
Internal Circuit
I
COMDC
12~24
Black
Main Circuit
Brown
Blue
Internal Circuit
I
COMDC
12~24
Black
Brown
Blue
I
COMDC 12~24V
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
-Memo-
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
3. Omron Sensor Selection • Proximity sensor
General Environment
E2EY
Detection of Metal
Detection of Presence output
ON/ OFF Output eg. Iron, Steel, etc.
Detection of Non-metal
eg. Aluminum, Copper etc
Detection of all Metal
Small Size Cylinder Type E2EV
Detection of Metal/ Non-metal Cylinder Type E2K-C
E2K-X
Flat Type E2K-F
Adjustable sensitivity
Chemical E2KQ
Adjustable sensitivity
Ring Detection E2LP
Ring Detection E2LP E2LP
Analog Output E2CA
Fix sensitivity
Fix sensitivity
eg. Resin, Paper, Carton etc.
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
• Photo-electric Sensor
TYPES OF DETECTION
Cylinder Type
General Environment
Unsusceptible to Cutting or
Drilling Chips Environment
E2EZ
Chemical Environment E2FQ
Strong Magnetic Field
Environment E2Q
High Temperature Environment E2FQ
E2E
Built-in Small Amplifier E2EC
Adjustable Sensing Range E2C
Flat type TL-W
Square Type TL-Q
Grove Type TL-G
Built-in Amplifier
E2R
Low Cost
Compact Head
Small Size
TL-Q
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
Long Distance
Detection of Luster
Detection of Mark
Detection of RGB Color
Positioning E3X-N_+E32 fiber
E3MC
E3MC
E3S-G
E3X-NL_/E3X+E32 fiber
E3C-VS/ VM
Long Distance
Short Distance and Small Spot E3X-NL+E32-S15L-1
E3X-NL+32-S15L-1/2
E3T
E3S-A/B
E3V3
Detection of Difference Immune to Color change E3S-CL1
E3X-N_E32-L25A/L25L Minute Difference
E3S-LS
Connector Type E3S-C[]-M1J
Small Size Type E3V3[]-M3J
E3S-A
RGB Color E3MC
Wire/Space Saving Multi-4 Channels E3X-NM+E32 fiber
E3MC
Oil/ChemicalSpecial Environment E3X-N_+E32-T12F/D12F
E3S-C
E3S-CL2
High Temperature E3X-N_+E32-T51/T61/TD51/D61/D73
E3X-N_+E32-T84S
Self diagnostic Function
Diagnosis of Breakdown E3X+E32
E3S-A/B
E3C-JC4PExternal Diagnostic
Input Function E3X+E32 fiber
E3S-AGeneral Purpose
E3S-B
E3S-A
Sensor Appendix
PAGE
E3V3
Long Distance DC Power Supply E3S-C
E3JM/E3JKAC Power Supply
Space Saving Separate Type Small Size Type E3X-N_/E3X+E32-T14/T14L/T24S
E3C-S
E3TDiffuse Reflective
Type E3X-N/E3X+E32-DL14L/D24/L24L
ESC-DS
Detection Distance of 50 cm or less
Immune to Background E3S-CL2
Small Size type(Small Spot) E3S-LS
E3X-NH+E32-T17L
Minute Object
E3S-A
E3X-N_/E3X+E32 fiber
E3T
ESC-DS
Transparent/ Translucent Object
E3S-T
E3S-R
High performance E3S-CL1
E3C-S30
E3X-N/E3X+E32-T11/T12/D11/D12Movement Durability
Liquid Contact TypeDetection of Liquid
Level E32-D82F
Pipe Installation Type E32-L25T
Z4LAArea Detection
E3X-N/E3X+E32-T16P
Liner Displacement
Z4LA
Z4M
Z4D-F
E3S-5E4S-45Liquid Paper Packaging