sensation and perception
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Sensation and Perception. Our Essential Questions! . How do sensations and perceptions differ? How do the senses transform information into brain messages? What is the nature of attention?. Grab a scrap sheet of paper. Write down your definition of sensation perception. Sensation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sensation and Perception
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Our Essential Questions! How do sensations and perceptions differ? How do the senses transform information
into brain messages? What is the nature of attention?
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Grab a scrap sheet of paper
Write down your definition of sensationperception
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Sensation
The process by which our sensory systems (eyes, ears, and other sensory organs) and nervous system receive stimuli from the environment
A person’s awareness of the world
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Perception
The process of integrating, organizing and interpreting sensations.
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Bottom-Up Processing
Information processing that focuses on the raw material entering through the eyes, ears, and other organs of sensation
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Top-Down Processing
Top-Down Processing: expectations and experiences influence how
we interpret incoming sensory information
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The Major Senses
7 major senses Vision (most studied) Hearing Touch Smell Taste Vestibular Kinesthetic
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The Riddle of Separate Sensations
Sense receptors specialized
cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation
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Sensory Receptors – An Example
When you bite into a crisp apple, you hear the crunch, you taste the sweetness, you feel the smooth skin, you see the red, and you smell the aroma.
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Receptor Cells
Each of the five senses is specifically coded to only take in one type of stimulus, whether it be light waves, sound waves, smell, taste, or touch.
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What Does That Mean?
Turn to your neighbor and tell them what sensation means.
What is with those blasted receptor cells as well… explain what they do
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Sensory Receptors
Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.
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Sensory Receptors: Example
A combination of your senses. When you bite into a crisp apple, you hear the crunch, you taste the sweetness, you feel the smooth skin, you see the red, and you smell the aroma.
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Sensation & Perception Processes
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Principles of Sensation
TransductionAbsolute thresholdDifference thresholdSensory adaptation
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TransductionThe process by
which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system.
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What Does That Mean?
Turn to your neighbor and tell them what you think perception means…
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
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What is a Threshold?
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Threshold
An edge or a boundaryWalking into the room – on one side
you are in the room on the other you are outside of the room
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Subliminal Messages?
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Absolute Threshold
The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time.
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Absolute or Detection ThresholdThe minimum intensity of
energy required to produce sensation in a receptor cell
Taste: 1 gram of table salt in 500 liters of water
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Touch: The wing of a bee falling on your cheek from a height of 1 centimeter
Hearing: The tick of a watch from 6 meters away
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Vision: A candle flame on a clear night, 30 miles away
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Absolute Threshold Example (1)
Taste: 1 gram of table salt in 500 liters of water – the minimum needed to taste something
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Absolute Threshold (2)
Vision: A candle flame on a clear night, 30 miles away – the minimum needed to see it. Doesn’t mean that you can make out what it is
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Just Noticeable Difference Threshold
The minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time.
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Weber’s Law
The greater the magnitude of the stimulus, the larger the difference must be in order to be noticed
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ExamplesWhen you can detect the difference
in volume of musicWhen you can detect the difference
in pressure on your arm
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Weber’s Law Example If you are carrying 20 lbs. and add 5
lbs., it’s noticeable. If you are carrying 100 pounds and add 5 pounds, it may not be noticeable. You need to add 10 lbs. to 100 pounds to make it noticeable.
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Sensory AdaptationWhen exposed to a stimuli over
a period of time there will be a diminished sensitivity to it
If a stimulus is constant and unchanging, eventually a person may fail to respond to it
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Example of Sensory Adaptation A hot tub – after a certain period
of time no longer seems as hot
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The Nature of Attention
Where does attention come into play here?
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Hypothetical Situation
What would happen if we had no filter between sensation and perception?”
Hallway example
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Sensory Overload
Overstimulation of the senses
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Selective hearing
Do you think it exists?
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Selective AttentionFocusing conscious awareness on a
particular stimulus (sense) to the exclusion of others
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Selective Attention ExamplesWalking
down the hallway – all 5 senses are firing. What grabs your attention?
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Let’s write!
How do sensations and perceptions differ? How do the senses transform information
into brain messages? What is attention? How much control do
we have over our attention?
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Time to get creative!
With your partner, create a poster depicting 3 the following: Sensation Perception Attention Absolute sensory thresholds Sensory overload