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Copyright © 2000 Copyright © 2000 SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web

SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web

Representing and Transforming Model-Based Information

Representing and Transforming Model-Based Information

Shawn Bowers and Lois Delcambre

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Oregon Graduate Institute



2

Model-Based Information and ToolsModel-Based Information and Tools

XML

DB

XML Viewer

SQL

TM BrowserPaintingPainting PainterPainter

by painter

Influenced by

mentioned biographymentionedcritiqued



3

Our GoalsOur Goals

• Represent information generically, for various models

• Convert information from one representation scheme to another



4

Transforming InformationTransforming Information

Generic Rep. (XML model)

Generic Rep. (XML model)

convert

Generic Rep.(Topic Map model)

XML

DB

XML Viewer

SQL

TM BrowserPaintingPainting PainterPainter

by painter

Influenced by

mentioned biographymentionedcritiqued

convert

Generic Rep.(Relational model)



5

Our ApproachOur Approach

• Metamodel – to represent multiple data models

• Generic Representation Scheme– to store model, schema, and instances for model-

based information

• Mapping Formalism – to transform between representation schemes



6

The MetamodelThe Metamodel

• Provides a level of abstraction above models• Describes the structural features of models

Topic Map

Topic Map Defintions

Topic Map Instances

XML

DTD

XML Document

Basic Set of Abstractions

Model Constructs and Relationships

Schema-LevelData

Instance-LevelData

Metamodel



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XML Model, Schema, and InstanceXML Model, Schema, and Instance

• Elements, Element Types, Attributes, Attribute Types• Elements contain Attributes• Elements can be nested

<!ELEMENT schedule (flight*)><!ELEMENT flight (from, to, price)><!ATTLIST flight name CDATA #REQUIRED>

<schedule> <flight name=“Air Canada Flight 1575”> <from> PDX </from> <to> YVR </to> <price> $213.84 </price> </flight> ...</schedule>

XMLModel

XML DTD(Schema)

XML Document

(Instances)

Model constructs and relationships defined using the metamodel



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Topic Map ExampleTopic Map Example

PaintingPainting PainterPainterby painter

Influenced by

“Captive”“Captive” “Paul Klee”“Paul Klee”by painter influenced by

“Francisco de Goya”“Francisco de Goya”

“1914”“1914”by painter

mentioned biographymentioned

mentionedhttp://...

biography biography

http://...http://...

critiqued

critiqued

mentioned

http://...

http://...



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Topic Map Model in UMLTopic Map Model in UML

TopicType

ttypename : String

TopicRelType

relType : String

AnchorType

anchorRole : String

TopicInstance

title : StringtopicInsID : Number

TopicRelInst

AnchorInst

<<Mark>>Address

markID : String

*

*

*

**

* 1

1

1 11

1

<<conformance>>topic_instOf

<<conformance>>rel_instOf

<<conformance>>anchor_instOf

address

topicInstopicType

1 1

* *

topicType1

topicType2 1 1

* *

topicIns1

topicIns2



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Generic RepresentationGeneric Representation

• We use RDF and RDF Schema to represent model, schema, and instance uniformly

http://…/~johncreator (creator, ‘http://…/~john’, person1)

(name, ‘person1’, ‘John Smith’)

Class

Property

creator

type

Person

WebPagetype

type

domain

range

(type, ‘creator’, Property)(domain, ‘creator’, WebPage)(range, ‘creator’, Person)(type, ‘Person’, Class)(type, ‘WebPage’, Class)

person1 ‘John Smith’name

RDF TriplesRDF Graph

RDF Schema TriplesRDF Schema Graph



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Representing ModelsRepresenting Models

(instanceOf, “TopicType”, Construct)(instanceOf, “TopicInstance”, Construct)

(instanceOf, “topic_instOf”, Conformance)(domain, “topic_instOf”, TopicInstance)(range, “topic_instOf”, TopicType)(domainMult, “topic_instOf”, “*”)(rangeMult, “topic_instOf”, “1”)

(instanceOf, “ttypename”, Connector)(domain, “ttypename”, TopicType)(range, “ttypename”, String)(domainMult, “ttypename”, “*”)(rangeMult, “ttypename”, “1”)

TopicType

ttypename : String

TopicInstance

*

1

<<conformance>>

topic_instOf



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Representing SchemaRepresenting Schema

(instanceOf, “painting_tt”, TopicType)(ttypename, “painting_tt”, “painting”)(instanceOf, “painter_tt”, TopicType)(ttypename, “painter_tt”, “painter”)

(instanceOf, “byPainter_rt”, TopicRelType)(relType, “byPainter_rt”, “by painter”)(topicType1, “byPainter_rt”, painting_tt)(topicType2, “byPainter_rt”, painter_tt)

(instanceOf, “biography_at”, AnchorType)(anchorRole, “biography_at”, “biography”)(topicType, “biography_at”, painter_tt)

Topic Types (schema):painting, painter

Topic Rel Types (schema):by painter

Anchor Types (schema):biography

paintingpainting painterpainterby painter

biography



13

Representing InstancesRepresenting Instances

(instanceOf, “painter1”, TopicInstance)(title, “painter1”, “Paul Klee”)(topicInsID, “painter1”, “5”)(topic_instOf, “painter1”, painter_tt)(instanceOf, “painting1”, TopicInstance)(title, “painting1”, “Captive”)(topicInsID, “painting1”, “19”)(topic_instOf, “painting1”, painting_tt)

(instanceOf, “byPainter1”, TopicRelInst)(rel_instOf, “byPainter1”, byPainter_rt)(topicIns1, “byPainter1”, painting1)(topicIns2, “byPainter1”, painter1)

(instanceOf, “biography1”, AnchorInst)(anchor_instOf, “biography1”, biography_at)(address, “biography1”, a1)

(instanceOf, “a1”, Address)(markID, “a1”, “URLMarkManager@954308545”)

Topic (instances):Paul Klee, Captive

Topic Relationship (instance):a by painter relationship

Anchor (instance):a biography anchor

Address (instance):mark to URL



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Basic Types of MappingsBasic Types of Mappings

Mapped

Converted

Converted

Converted

Converted

Converted

Inter-Model

Inter-Schema

Model-to-Schema

Model2

Schema1

Instances1

Model1

Schema1

Instances1

Model1

Schema1

Instances1

Model1

Schema1

Instances1

Model1

Schema2

Instances1

Model2

Schema2

Instances2

Mapped

Mapped



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S(‘source’, (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘TopicInstance’))S(‘target’, (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘XMLElem’))

XMLElemTopicInstanceMapped

Mapping RulesMapping Rules

• Simple production rules over triples



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Mapping Rules (cont.)Mapping Rules (cont.)

XMLElemTopicInstance

XMLElemTypeTopicType

Mapped elem_instOftopic_instOf

S(‘source’, (‘topic_instOf’, X, Y))S(‘target’, (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘XMLElem’))S(‘target’, (‘instanceOf’, Y, ‘XMLElemType’))S(‘target’, (‘elem_instOf’, X, Y))



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ConclusionConclusion

• Metamodel– to describe multiple (superimposed) data models

• A Generic Representation Scheme– to represent models, schema, and instances uniformly

– along with a visual representation

• Mapping Formalism– to convert information from one scheme to another



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Context: Superimposed Information ResearchContext: Superimposed Information Research

• NSF Digital Libraries 2 Program“Tracking Footprints through a Medical Information Space”

• NSF Digital Government Program“Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests”

SuperimposedLayer

BaseLayer Information

Source1

markmark

Model

Schema Data

Instance Data

InformationSource1

mark



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ApplicationsApplications

• SLIM Pad– Scratchpad application with Bundle-Scrap model

(uses superimposed information)

• XML Extractor– “Extracts” XML information and transforms it into a

Topic Map for searching/browsing

XML FilesGeneric Rep.(XML model)

Generic Rep.(TM model)

DBMS

Topic Map BrowserTopic Map Browser

XML Extractor

XML Extractor

out mapped storedin

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