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Object Oriented

Programming Language

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Programming Language

is an artificial language designed to expresscomputations that can be performed by a machine,particularly a computer.

a series of instructions written by a programmer accordingto a given set of rules or conventions (syntax ).

is a notation for writing programs.All P language can be divided into three categories

Problem !riented or "igh evel anguages

#achine !riented or ow evel anguages

#iddle evel anguage

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Programming languages

High-level languages

To speed up programming even further Single statementsfor accomplishing substantial tasks

Translator programs called Compilersto converthigh-level programs into machine language

E.g. add overtime to base pay and store result in gross pay

grossPa ! basePa " overtimePa

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Fortran Algol ! " "## "$

"obol

Eiffel

%avaAda &'()*+ (ascal

$lementary

Procedural

Advanced

Procedural

%tructure !riented

!b&ect

!riented

Advanced

!b&ect

!riented

Ada !3

#pes o$ Programming Language

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%hat is C""&

"## is an obect-oriented programming //(0language that is vie1ed by many as the bestlanguage for creating large-scale applications.

"## is a multi paradigm language.

"## is an obect driven language.

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"## pronounced see plus plus0 1asdeveloped by arne Stroustrup at ell )abs in&4&.

"ombination of Simula4and c" 5ith classes

+n &!36the name 1as changed to "##.

"## is an e7tended version of "."## is a superset of ".

All the concepts of " are applicable to "##also.

'ntroduction to C""

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(ariables

8ariables are like small blackboards %e can )rite a number on them %e can change the number %e can erase the number

"## variables are names for memorylocations

%e can )rite a value in them %e can change the value stored there %e cannot erase the memor location

Some value is al1ays there

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'denti$iers

Variables names are called identifiersChoosing variable names Use meaningful names that represent data to be

stored

First character must be a letter the underscore character

Remaining characters must be letters

numbers underscore character

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Ke)ords

9ey1ords also called reserved 1ords0 *re used b the C"" language

+ust be used as the are de$ined in the programminglanguage

Cannot be used as identi$iers

Ke)ord is an essential part o$ a language de$inition,

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#pes o$ C Constants

' constants can be divided into two ma&orcategories Primary Constants Secondary Constants

" "onstants

(rimary "onstants Secondary constants

+nteger "onstant:eal "onstant"haracter "onstant

Array6 (ointerStructure6 ;nionenum

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Function is a basic re@uirement of modularprogramming.

The process of dividinga large program into smallsub programs and manipulating them independentlyiskno1n as modular programming.

A function is a named? independent? bloc0 ofstatements that per$orm1ell de$ined? speci$ictas0 and ma return a value.

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Structure o$ =unction

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'nput and Output

A datastreamis a se@uence of data Typically in the form of characters or numbers

An input stream is data for the program to use Typically originates

at the keyboard

at a file

An output stream is the programs output

?estination is typically the monitor

a file

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Output using cout

coutis an output stream sending data to the monitor-he insertionoperator "

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'nput 2sing cin

cinis an input streambringing data from the keyboard

The e7tractionoperator BB0gets data to be used

E7ample=cout

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;eading ata =rom cin

Dultiple data items are separated by spaces?ata is not read until the enter key is

pressed

E7ample=cin >> 1 >> 1 >> 12$

:e@uires three space separated values ;ser might type

3, ,' 2 enter keyB

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esigning 'nput and Output

(rompt the user for input that is desired cout statements provide instructions

cout > age$?isplaying the output 1hat 1as read

cout

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.asic OOPS Concepts

9>iS)

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%hat is Object Oriented Programming&

An obect is like ablack bo7.

The internal details

are hidden.

+dentifying objectsandassigning responsibilitiestothese obects.

/bects communicate to otherobects by sending messages.

Dessages are received by themethodsof an obect

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3>,$

o,@.area(a,)$

,rea8$

case 23couta>>,$

o,@.area(%.=a,)$

,rea8$

case 3e?it(%)$

&

getch()$

&

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