seminario 3 cisdu.ing. -...

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP URBAN PROJECTS IN COMPARISON - FLORENCE 15th-16th-17th JANUARY 2003

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP

URBAN PROJECTS IN COMPARISON

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS SUMMARIES

Edited by Dimitra Babalis

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President Piero Paoli Università di Firenze Vice-President Carlos Martinez Caro Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona Tomas Muir University of Central England, Birmingham René Tabouret Ecole d’Architecture, Strasbourg Director Dimitra Babalis Università di Firenze Members Antonio Capestro Firenze Carla De Feo Università di Napoli Federico II Paolo Del Bianco Firenze Massimo Del Bono Firenze Paolo Giovannini Università di Firenze Substitute members Alessandro Bertini Prato Paolo Posarelli Firenze

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

President Jean Duminy Arezzo Members Giandomenico Amendola Università di Firenze Michel Bassand Ecole Polithecnique Federale, Lausanne Cesare Blasi Politecnico di Milano Giovanni De Franciscis Università di Napoli Federico II Andrea Del Bono Università di Firenze Philip Geoghegan Dublino Josée Jeanneret Institut d’Urbanisme, Grenoble Andrè Kirchberger Villiers Le Bois Maria Mantouvalou Atene Emmanuel Perreau Aix En Provence Daniele Pini Università di Ferrara Philippe Revault Ecole d’Architecture, Paris – La Villette Ghislaine Soulet Institut d’Etudes Politiques, Strasbourg Pierre Vanderstraeten Institut Superior d’Architecture St. Luc, Bruxelles Substitute members Yves Paris Paris

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco, Presidente, Firenze Arch. Paolo Del Bianco Centro Internazionale Studi Disegno Urbano, Vice Presidente, Strasburgo Prof. Renè Tabouret Centro Internazionale Studi Disegno Urbano, Presidente Comitato Scientifico, Arezzo Prof. Jean Duminy Centro Internazionale Studi Disegno Urbano, Membro Consiglio Direttivo, Firenze Arch. Massimo Del Bono D ipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Firenze Dr Dimitra Babalis

Dipartimento di Progettazione dell’Architettura, Facoltà di Architettura, Università di Firenze Prof. Piero Paoli Prof. Andrea Del Bono Dott. Antonio Capestro

E cole de Architecture de Paris la Villette Prof. Philippe Revault

École de Architecture de Strasbourg Prof. Pierre Bouché Dr Jean Hausmann

F aculty of Architecture, University of Dublin Prof. Philip Geoghegan

F aculty of Architecture, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava Doc.Ing.Arch. Lubica Vitkova PhD

F aculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb Prof. Sonia Jurkovic

In stitut d’Etudes Politique, Strasbourg Ghislaine Soulet

I nstitut d’Urbanisme, Université de Grenoble Prof. Josée Jeanneret

I nstitut Superior d’Architecture St. Luc, Bruxelles Prof. Pierre Vanderstraeten

I SCTE, Departamento de Arquitectura e Urbanismo, Lisboa Prof. Teresa Marat-Mendes

National Technical University of Athens Prof. Maria Mantouvalou Prof. Bouki Babalou S chool of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Ms. Marilyn Higgins

U niversity of Architecture & Urban Design “Ion Mincu”, Bucarest Prof. Florin Machedon

U niversity of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucarest Prof. Ana Maria Zahariade

Università di Napoli "Federico II" Prof. Giovanni De Franciscis Prof. Carla Maria De Feo E xternal Guests:

A rchitectural Department of Ming Chuan University of Taipei Prof. Wu Yi-Ling

C entral Academy of Fine Arts, School of Design of Beijing Prof. Cui Pengfei

Faculty of Architecture, Slovak Technical University of Bratislava Prof. Eva Kralova Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing Ms. Mei Liang

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PREFACE: NEW INSPIRATIONS TO IMPROVE URBAN DESIGN

There is a need to encourage good urban design in order to create more responsive contexts that have been lacking in recent years. In particular, it is essential to develop appropriate design solutions within different site location such as the city centre, inner and outer areas, suburban and edges. In brief, highest quality of urban design, including environmental and social implications, has to be considered to provide: • A better analytical way to consider existing conditions and local character; • A deeper understanding of the potential of the sites in order to offer good proposals; • Strategic considerations for choice of sites; • Better quality of design for mixed use development and sense of place; • Design guidance for more sustainable development respecting existing ecological systems/ habitats. Within this summarised proceedings, aimed to collect examples of students’ urban design thesis work throughout various European Universities, there is an underlying concern to achieve fundamental conception on training urban design that respects the local context, offers a range of activities and promotes sustainable patterns of development. The gathering of teaching and training experiences, which ranges over subjects such as town centre and cultural managements, urban regeneration and development, landscape design, were presented during the Workshop on City Urban Design held in Florence on January 2003. The educational programmes, which were discussed by teachers, students and young academics from different European countries, were of valuable inspirations. There were, however, several appropriate urban design approaches that explored and responded to the various solutions on different contexts together in an inter-disciplinary way for a good design of towns and cities. In the different offered views of how to achieve urban enhancement and design principles that for sure had different starting points (different environmental social and economic conditions), the resultant proposals seemed to reach to a common emphasis and to be concerned with the future based mainly on sustainability. In conclusion, one can only hope that, for the next future of education and academic experiments in the European schools and faculties, the new urban design approaches, considering environmental, cultural, social and economic priorities, will have to apply new configurations and even more in urban regeneration and development processes.

Dimitra Babalis Director of the “Centro Internazionale Studi Disegno Urbano”

Florence, November 2003

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INTRODUCTORY NOTES We would like to thank the Romualdo Del Bianco Foundation for having stimulated all participants, during this “International Week”, to debate about city policies which should be better consider life and urban quality. The city, in fact, is not only a historical concept, a closed institution: it is the result of policy, an expression of urban space and elements, the challenge of an economical and social development, a place where the creation and diffusion of cultural issues have to be stimulated. Today in a society that seems to be on the decline, cities have became a theatre of the contradiction between richness and poverty, a place of unemployment and social decay, a place of exploitation of agriculture, which induce to rebellion of young people and to an increase the violence. Our cities are actually places of lost identities and of confusional and decay urban fabrics. A serious debate has to be done in order to exchange ideas between us, as participants in different urban experiences, for the development of our cities. This debate and comparison, with the different points of views of people coming from different social and cultural layers, have to be more realistic in order to evaluate the researches, in a continuous updated process, and on processes to guarantee a better future. All the urban experiments, that have been done in the different countries of the European Community and outside to face problems of people internationalisation as well as of economical globalisation, have to take under consideration the following items: • The participation of the local community as well as the partnership of public- private sources within urban

design; • The research of the mixed use development integrated with a global vision of urban development for The

city; • The willing to find different urban systems and better control systems in the wider formation of the city, of

the functional land uses and sites. For the Florence Centre on Urban Design, an interactive element between cities and universities, between formation places and research, it seems to be significant, through the analysis of these projects, to look for a better understanding the relationships between teaching, training (initial training, current training), the professional applications and the local administrations. This debate seems to be topical, everywhere in Europe, of a lack training on urban design in the Architecture and Engineering Faculties and other Institutes. In this first debate, which probably has to be continued by others, it might be considered as the main objectives the formation of young people and their professional career, which is nowadays difficult, in spite of the growth of local opportunities. To prepare our synthesis debate of Thursday afternoon and the meeting with the young professionals during the presentation of their projects, we propose to consider the two groups each consisting of three projects, which have been selected because of their methodological approach or because of the their formation within laboratories and research processes. It seems that in this Seminar, more than to the given answers, we have to pay more attention to the proposed questions and to the approaches of the groups that indicate how to pass from the problematic question phase to the analysis of the city and to the possible drawing proposals. Roughly, these issues could be summarized as follows: • the city centre and the peripheral areas?.. Which urban and social future?... • the role and the elements-elements of public spaces?... • what kind of evolution could be done for urban habitat?;... • mixed use development?.... • re-organisation of an “integrated” and sustainable territory?.... • how could be an “urban identity” defined?.... • the rules of understanding?... of information?... and of training? • mobility and urban transport? .. how?...where?...as far as where?... • the rules of urbanism to face the last urban changes and the evolution of the cities?.... • the territories of the city?.... Solidarity?.... “Inter-community”? To save time on Thursday afternoon, we shall try not to have a debate on current problems presented by authors, but we will gather the written questions given to me at the end of the sessions. We admit the presentation of two groups from the European Community and outside, which present rather similar proposed projects: • the first group of the three projects (Aversa-Kutno-Strasbourg) will be talking about questions of urban

identity; • the definition of the urban image and the matrix of urban development; • the second group of the projects, which will be presented tomorrow morning (Bucarset-Athènes-Livorno),

is essentially involved in the urban development and regeneration of the city centre and of derelict sites.

Jean Duminy President of Scientific Committee of CISDU

Florence, January 2003

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THE WORKSHOP: THE PRESENTED PROJECTS

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IMMAGE AND IDENTITY OF THE CITY OF AVERSA IN THE MIDDLE OF A METROPOLITAN AREA - NAPOLI, ITALY

Prof. Carla Maria De Feo - Università di Napoli “Federico II” Prof. Philippe Revault - Ecole d'Architecture de Paris la Villette Aversa, an interesting city because of its heritage, history and its architecture, is at present researching new ideas and an urban strategy in order to assume a role within the Naples metropolitan area. The research of an identity, an evaluation of the potential forces and the new future image of the city are the main opportunity for the union of concepts and methodologies between the University of Naples and of the University of Paris. This experimental way of new design technologies and concepts has led to the elaboration process of four scenarios within the city of Aversa as: - Aversa - urban centre of exchange in the middle of Naples territory; - Aversa - centre of information and training; - Aversa - laboratory of the duet “city-nature”; - Aversa - emergent city for a new urban ordinary concept.

TO RECOVER AN URBAN FABRIC IN KUTNO - POLAND

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Prof. Dr Stawomir Gzell, Dr Kararzyna Pluta - Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Institute of Urban Design

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The lack of urban policies and of land control are the main reasons of the decline of Kutno’s urban fabric. Against the principles of the old style zoning, this proposal project is a direct approach to a global vision of improving and regenerating the urban fabric. In particular it takes under consideration parts of the city centre and the peripheral areas. The urban design process is mainly based on: - the creation of a mix of uses in order to form an integrate network; - the re-development of new economic sources; - the rielaboration of a participatory process for an urban regeneration

of public spaces.

SUSTANAIBLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERIPHERAL AREA OF STRASBOURG WITH A TRAM AND TRAIN NETWORK - FRANCE

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Prof. Pierre Bouchè - École de Architecture de Strasbourg

The development of four different moments (problems, analysis of the city, new urban forms, sustainable reorganisation of the territory) permits in this project for a thesis to give some answers to the development of new residential blocks and at the same time to city and regional public transport. As an answer to the growth of mono-family houses in a sustainable way within the transport network, this project has to face problems such as the mixed use within public transport. The three proposed scenarios are the following: the scenarios of tendency; the willing scenarios (against the dispersion) of the compact city and the linear city within public transport..

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ROMANIA REHABILITATION AND REGENERATION OF A CENTRAL URBAN SPACE OF THE CITY OF BUCAREST - ROMANIA

Prof. Florin Machedon, Prof . Claudiu Ronceanu - University of Architecture & Urban Design “Ion Mincu”, Bucarest The design strategy of urban regeneration in the city centre of Bucharest tries to establish an integration between the elements of the past and the present and future elements of this city. The proposed approach has to discover the old hidden and abandoned spaces in order to create a new urban condition of connection and reintegration within the city. The interesting character of this project is presented in an urban dimension throughout the regeneration of sixty social residential buildings. In this way, together with the architectural and social aspects of the design, this project establishes the urban regeneration. As a principal element of urban challenge has to be considered: the pubic facilities of the small theatre in a relationship between past and future.

A NETWORK OF SOCIAL MIXED USE ASPECTS IN THE CITY CENTRE OF ATHENS - GRECIA

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Prof. Maria Mantouvalou - National Technical University of Athens Greece

This urban design in the city centre of Athens could be considered as an answer to both objectives of the city policies to maintain, and to regenerate the urban environment (in the city centre), answering to the current social, economical and cultural aspects of this part of the city with particular attention to the youth facilities. In the total absence of social policies regarding the young people, this proposal tries to reintegrate these people into new housing and employment in this central district of Athens, in a more participatory way. It is also important to underline how significant could be for the community the reuse of the existing derelict industrial building and the creation of leisure facilities in the area.

A SISTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE NEW URBAN CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CITY OF LIVORNO AND ITS HARBOUR - ITALY

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Prof. Piero Paoli -Facoltà di Architettura - Università di Firenze In this research, which is presented by the Architecture School of Florence, we can found the results of an appropriate methodology to study the evolution of the city of Livorno analysing the various urban systems through the time (industrial system, historical city fabric, system of the tourist part of the city) which generate the city itself. The comparison between the different urban systems could develop a specific urban space in order to reintegrate the various systems within a common functional urban space. The new developed central point might be considered as an important matrix of the new relationships between the compact city and its coastal area, where several industrial activities, commercial and tourist activities are developed, which are probably very difficult to be integrated with the city centre.

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THE EXHIBITION: THE PRESENTED PROJECTS

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URBAN DESIGN PROJECT IN A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY EUROPEAN CONTEX: COLLABORATION BETWEEN EDUCATION AND PRACTICE Ms. Marilyn Higgins – School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University of

Edinburgh

How to organise and manage a ‘live’ multi-disciplinary urban design project with studentsand practitioners spanning the North Sea – and do this for the mutual benefit of all parties?That is the question! This presentation is a critical reflection analysing the teaching andlearning processes that occurred and how they are related to outcomes. It evaluates aspects ofthe project that were deemed a success in a way that might inspire others and suggestschanges might have improved the experience. The project: Aims and Gestation. The aims of this joint student project were: • To develop knowledge and skills in strategic urban design at settlement scale and for

individual sites, including character analysis; • To widen knowledge of planning and urban design in different contexts within Europe; • To promote multi-national and multi-disciplinary collaboration, problem solving and

creative thinking; • To develop oral, written and graphic communication skills; • To propose solutions to practical problems that could influence future action. Innovation and benefits. The particularly innovative aspects of this project were: • The close joint working between students, academic staff and practitioners from different

countries and disciplines; • Seizing the opportunity to embed this joint student project into a large EU programme that

led to many other benefits in terms of teaching and research. "NEW" OLD METHODOLOGY OF WORKING WITH STUDENTS ON THE TASK OF URBAN RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ZAGREB INNER CITY

Prof. S. Jurkovic, Doc. T. Jukic, S. Gasparovic - University of Zagreb, Faculty ofArchitecture - Departement of Urban Planning

To develop knowledge and skills in urban matters a year team work with students was involved to investigate and propose solutions to practical problems within two consequent parts: urban structure analysis (on the city scale) and urban design of particular projects (on adequate scale). 1. Urban structure analysis: analysed area of 7000 ha; profound studies and evaluation of

urban area as a basis for urban reconstruction: • Particular analysis: physical structure-streets, three-dimensional proportions; genesis-

development of urban area in the 20th century; • Evaluation: stage of structure completeness; possibilities of urban metamorphoses;

intensity potentials for development; • Results: digital maps and model of complete urban area;

2. Urban Design of Particular Projects: 36 different projects working in detail on chosen cityprojects; themes: public spaces, housing, communications, city image, urban potentials;spaces: urban districts and linear spaces: • Results rethinking and design of specific urban areas; proposal for new functions and

forms; new city quality; improved urban culture and creative thinking.

ALVALADE – AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN CHANGE

Prof. Teresa Marat-Mendes – ISCTE Istituto Superior de Ciencias do Trabalho e Empresa; -Departamento de Arquitectura e Urbanismo Lisboa

The subject of this work relates to an analysis of urban change occurred in the urban fabric ofAlvalade, since its implementation until the present time. Alvalade corresponds to an urbanarea of Lisbon that was designed in 1945 in an area of 230ha and that previewed a populationof 45.000 inhabitants. The solutions of urban design that were imposed, at the time of itsimplementation, were the most advanced and they are today rarely found in any other part ofLisbon. After Alvalade there are were no many other plans developed in Lisbon or in anyother place of Portugal which present the same scale of concerns towards urban design.Moreover, interestingly, Alvalade was designed to be an autonomous city within the City ofLisbon itself. The Students’ work, was to follow a specific given method of urban analysis inorder to understand how change can occur in the urban fabric, over time, and how do urbancodes allow change to occur. In this way, the students were encouraged to analyse: change,flexibility, adaptability and continuity within the urban fabric of Alvalade, either in terms ofphysical analysis or uses. They also have analysed Alvalade plan in an historical perspectiveand in a comparative way, by overlaying different maps, from different periods of time, butall at the same scale. They did not propose any plan to recover or restore the area, as the maintopic of the exercise was rather to identify the primitive or original codes that regulatedAlvalade Plan.


HOLIDAY VILLAGE AT GURA PORTITEI

The project proposes a modern rural settlement at Gura Portitei in a manner that usetraditional techniques and the topography of the place in a very creative and substantiatedway, based on a thorough theoretical research on vernacular architecture in the area (inconnection with the larger Balkan cultural context), starting from elements of the precious“folk” architecture of the Dobrudja area nearby the site, The proposed holiday village at theseashore of the Black Sea, where neither the volumes nor the views are impressive, but whereone, obliged to walk to find one’s way, should discover everything by one’s self – thebodega, the small chapel or the fish restaurant. The spaces live through contrast (open –narrow) and detail (the carved wood column, the clay stairs, the small bag full of sand thatcloses the gate or the hammock). The project tries the transposal into architecture of thisatmosphere, taking into accont two premises: • The lack of any acces roads (one can get here only by boat) allows the spaces to be thought

and organized only at human scale; • The place image and local climate, make the architectural influences to be both local (from

Dobrudja) and Mediterranean.

Prof. Ana Maria Zahariade - Univeristy of Architecture & Urbanism “Ion Mincu” Bucarest

CIRCULATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND CITY INTERVENTION ON THE LANSCAPE OF RAFINA-ATTICA Prof. Maria Mantouvalou - National Technical University of Athens

The project deals with the circulation of pedestrian and vehicles, train and boats in an attemptto refute the discontinuities present in the urban and natural landscape of Rafina. The town isthe old refugee settlement , situated between the foot of Pendelikon mount and the estuary ofthe river creating a strong relief. Nowadays, it is developed into Attica’s second mostimportant port, being at the same time a significant holiday resort. As a result, it is difficultfor the town to retain a balance between its residential character and functions and itssurroundings. The broader area of Rafina (Messogeia of East Attica) develops very rapidlydue to the newly constructed airport of Athens, the Olympic Games projects and the largescale of technical infrastructure works. The main objectives of the project are: • The treatment of the gates of the city from land and sea; • The arranging of the broader circulation system and infrastructure to the port and; • The re-establishment of continuity of the city with the natural elements/ landscape,

mountains and sea.

OLD CITIES AND NEW PEOPLE: THE REGENERATION OF THE MERCHANT SQUARE, IN NAPOLI Prof. Giovanni De Franciscis - Università di Napoli “Federico II”

The proposal deals with some proposed urban projects of public places in the city centre ofNapoli, in order to introduce new conception of merchant place, good to live and to getinvolved in something innovative. A particular issue to take under consideration was: • to re-establish good connection between local people and people from different countries

and cultures; • to create good compact places as those existing in the old seaport part of the city; • to design “ places for everyone’s living. The main objective of the general project framework was to introduce new schemes forspatial regeneration and sustainable development based on local identity and culture as wellas of social integration and city safety. The proposals goes from the regeneration of the builtenvironment to the re-habilitation of the social environment through the following key points:• The meeting centre; • The educational centre: the library and the exhibition; • The commercial centre; • The international spiritual centre.

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A FRAMEWORK FOR REGENERATION: THE S. CONCORDIO SCHOOL DISTRICT IN LUCCA

Prof. Dimitra Babalis - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile – Università degli Studi di Firenze The Site: The framework for regeneration aims to improve the School District Area, which

has recently suffered because of buildings in a bad state of repair and landscaping. Thequarter of S. Concordio is located in the South outer urban area of Lucca, close to the railwaystation. Urban Design Strategy The analysis suggests that the form and the character of the urban environment and theexisting school buildings should form the basis of initial design decisions under the followingkey points: • Identity of the site; • Links, accessibility and pedestrian movement; • Attractive urban spaces; • A mix of uses. Urban Design Framework The design strategy is based on various components such as streets, public spaces, links and movements. The drawing and concept project illustrate a strong pedestrian link to the city centre and a square reinforces this link visually, whereas new buildings constituting a landmark of some form. The proposed pedestrian link “portico”, of 200m long and 12m high, can enhance permeability throughout the area and at the same time should create optimal bioclimatic conditions within the “Leonardo da Vinci” School. The framework encourages the rehabilitation and the remodelling of the existing school buildings by improving indoor spaces relating them with the outdoor one. This means to define better the urban space, whereas the regenerated school buildings should create a coherent external environment clearly visible. Moreover, public spaces might encourage appropriate activities connecting adjacent districts and the rest of the city.

In the Exhibition they have also participated: Prof. Andrea Del Bono Università degli Studi di Firenze Prof. Philip Geoghegan University College of Dublin Exhibition edited by Antonio Capestro

All abstracts were revised by Dimitra Babalis

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