A PRESENTATION ON SIX- STROKE ENGINES

SIX - STROKE ENGINES

INTRODUCTIONThe six-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine based on the 

four-stroke engine, but with additional complexity to make it more efficient and reduce emissions. Two different types of six-stroke engine have been developed since the 1990s:

       1.  In the first approach, the engine captures the heat lost from the four-                                                                        stroke Otto cycle or Diesel cycle and uses it to power an additional power   and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same cylinder. Designs use either steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke.

         2.    The second approach to the six-stroke engine uses a second opposed piston in each cylinder that moves at half the cyclical

      rate of the main piston, thus giving six piston movements per cycle.

EXAMPLES OF THE TYPES OF ENGINES:

THOSE WHICH FOLLOW THE FIRST APPROACH:

 Bajulaz engineCrower six-stroke engine Velozeta Six-stroke engineTHOSE WHICH FOLLOW SECOND APPROACH: Beare head M4+2Piston charger engine.

CROWER’S SIX STROKE ENGINE

In a six-stroke engine developed in the U.S. by Bruce Crower, fresh water is injected into the cylinder after the exhaust stroke, and is quickly turned to superheated steam, which causes the water to expand to 1600 times its volume and forces the piston down for an additional stroke.

VELOZETA SIX STROKE ENGINEThe first four strokes are

the same as a four stroke internal combustion engine . After the exhaust stroke, instead of air/fuel mixture ( as in case of petrol engines) fresh air is sucked into the cylinder from the air filter, and which is removed during the sixth stroke.

BAZULAZ SIX STROKE ENGINE

The majority of the actual internal combustion engines, operating on different cycles have one common feature, combustion occurring in the cylinder after each compression, resulting in gas expansion that acts directly on the piston (work) and limited to 180 degrees of crankshaft angle.

According to its mechanical design, the six-stroke engine with external and internal combustion and double flow is similar to the actual internal reciprocating combustion engine. However, it differentiates itself entirely, due to its thermodynamic cycle and a modified cylinder head with two supplementary chambers: a combustion and an air heating chamber, both independent from the cylinder. Combustion, does not occur within the cylinder but in the supplementary combustion chamber, does not act immediately on the piston, and it's duration is independent from the 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation that occurs during the expansion of the combustion gases (work).

ENGINE DIAGRAM

SIX STROKE ENGINE EXPLANATION

During 1st and 2nd stroke, the air the combustion chamber (6) can receive injection of fuel and ignition is triggered.

1st stroke :Intake of pure air in cylinder(5).Valve (1) is open.

2nd stroke : Compression of pure air in the heating chamber(7) .Valve (2) is open.

During 3rd and 4th stroke the temperature of the pure compressed air in the heating chamber is raised sharply by heat exchange from combustion chamber.

3rd stroke: power stroke (work) .Release of combustion gases in the cylinder. Valve(3) is open.

4th stroke: exhaust of the combustion gases.Valve (4) is open.

5th stroke: Power stroke(work)Release of pure gas in the cylinder.

6th stroke: Recompression of pure into the combustion chamber.

ADVANTAGES•    Thermal efficiency reaching 50%. (30% for the

actual internal combustion engines) 

 Fuel consumption reduced by more than 40%. 

   Reduction of chemical, noise and thermal pollution. 

    Two expansions (work) through six strokes. 

    Direct injection and optimal fuel combustion at every engine speed. 

     Multiple fuel, etc...

APPLICATIONSMotorboats (inboard and outboard engines) might offer

a big outlet for this type of engine. Their characteristics are perfectly suited to its use (economy, safety, simplification, and reduction in noise and pollution). Furthermore, the use of fuels other than gasoline would greatly reduce the risks of explosion.

Using non-fossil fuels of vegetable origin, natural gases and others, in simple, robust engine, operating with a minimum of adjustments and non-pollutant, would offer great advantages when provided for motor-pumps, generator sets, stationary engines, etc....intended for agriculture and industry.

Many more applications may also be envisaged.

M4+2 SIX STROKE ENGINE The new conception of combustion

engine is based on the combination of two engines. It makes use of both two-and four-stroke engine.

 Both The cylinders of modules of double engine pistons have been joined along one common axis with cylinder head - in the form of the ring. The pistons are moved with different speed and with appropriate stage displacement. There are two crankshafts, which are connected with special transmission. The four-stroke crankshaft is rotated with a speed of twice two-stroke crankshaft. The engine is named double pistons because of its construction - double pistons and crankshafts.

PISTON CHARGER ENGINE In this engine, a "piston

charger" replaces the valve system. The piston charger charges the main cylinder and simultaneously regulates the inlet and the outlet aperture leading to no loss of air and fuel in the exhaust. In the main cylinder, combustion takes place every turn as in a two-stroke  engine and lubrication as in a four-stroke engine. Fuel injection can take place in the piston charger, in the gas transfer channel or in the combustion chamber.

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BEARE HEAD

APPLICATIONSThe ApplicationThe Six stroke Beare Head simply replaces the conventional Four Stroke Engines Cylinder Head. The manufacturers Four Stroke bottom end remains unchanged. The Beare Head utilises an Overhead short stroke Crankshaft and Piston arrangement which opens and closes Inlet and Exhaust Ports leading through the Upper Cylinder Liner. The Beare Head Technology can be fitted to new production engines or retro-fitted via aftermarket replacement.The top and bottom Crankshaft are connected via a drive chain or toothed belt. The top Crankshaft and Piston become positive power contributors to the overall power output, thus increasing the amount of power/torque generated by up to a possible 35%, in essence, The Beare Dual Opposed Piston Six Stroke Engine results in having Two Pistons Operating and producing power within each cylinder. The absence of parasitic CAMS, valves, springs, retainers and guides; all up about 45 dependant and power absorbing driven components, mean that the Beare Engines bottom end has been freed up from labouring and is allowed to spin up producing more power. The additional torque and power further generated by the Top Piston/Crank of the Beare Cylinder Head is then channeled via the connecting drive chain to the Bottom Crank. The net result of the Beare Dual Opposed Piston Engine, is Tractor type pulling torque never before realised from a Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine, the sort of steady locomotive type performance gained can only be likened to Steam Locomotives or Diesel Engines.

APPLICATIONSThe net result is:Power/torque increases of 35% (conservative) Simpler and less expensive manufacturing and tooling Reduction of cylinder head reciprocating parts Lower maintenance costs due to less wearing parts (Beare cylinder head) Longer service intervals possible due to lower operating temperatures recorded Increased economy due to the Beare Head's ability to operate and produce full operating power of much higher AIR to FUEL ratios Reduction of exhaust emmissions due to less fuel being consumed and the real prospect of meeting EURO-4 emissions standards, doing away with the catalytic convertor Possible one piece engine block and head casting, saving more manufacturing costs

Volume Angle Diagrams

VOLUME ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR 6 STROKE ENGINE

PRESSURE –ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR OTTO CYCLE

PRESSURE ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR DUAL CYCLE

TORQUE ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR 4-S ENGINE

TORQUE ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR 6S ENGINE

TORQUE ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR 6S ENGINE USING DUAL CYCLE

TORQUE-ANGLE DIAGRAM FOR 6S ENGINE USING OTTO C.

PHASE CHANGE

THEORETICAL TORQUE VS PHASE

COMPARISON BETWEEN 4 STROKE AND 6 STROKE

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