seminar on rocket engine

8/4/2019 Seminar on Rocket Engine

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SEMINAR ON ROCKET ENGINE

BHARAT J SHETTY

4NM08ME026


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contents

History of rockets

Types of rocket

Types of rocket engine

Combustion

Categories of rocket engine Working of a rocket engine

Rocket burn sequence

Uses

Technology Mechanical issues

Conclusion


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What is Rocket?

A rocket or rocket vehicle is a missile,spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle which

obtains thrust from a rocket engine.

Rocket engines work by action and reaction

Rocket engines push rockets forwardssimply by throwing their exhaust

backwards extremely fast

Application of Rockets are used in

fireworks, weaponry, ejection seats, launchvehicles for artificial satellites, human

spaceflight and exploration of other planets


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History of rocket

A common claim is that the first recorded use of a rocket in battle was by theChinese in 1232 against the Mongol hordes at Kai Feng Fu.

Rocket technology first became known to Europeans following its use by the

Mongols Genghis Khan when they conquered parts of Russia, Eastern, and

Central Europe.

In 1792, the first iron-cased rockets were successfully developed used

militarily by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, rulers of the Kingdom of

Mysore in India against the larger British East India Company forces during

the Anglo-Mysore Wars

Modern rockets were born when Robert Goddard attached a supersonic (de

Laval) nozzle to a liquid-fuelled rocket engine's combustion chamber.


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Types of Rocket

Tiny models such as balloon rockets, water rockets, skyrockets or small

solid rockets

Missiles, space rockets such as the enormous Saturn V used for the

Apollo program

Rapid escape systems such as ejection seats and launch escape systems ,space probes.

TYPES OF ROCKET ENGINE3 Basic Types of Rockets

Solid Rockets: consist entirely of solid propellants stored in the combustionchamber casing.

Liquid Rockets: use one or more liquid propellants that are held in tanks prior to

burning.

Hybrid Rockets: have a solid propellant in the combustion chamber and a second

liquid or gas propellant added to permit it to burn.


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COMBUSTION

For combustion to occur

Fuel ,oxygen, source of heat is supplied and in return exhaust and heat isreleased

The fuel can be a solid, liquid, or gas

The oxidizer can be be a solid, liquid, or gas

Hydrogen- carbon is used as a fuel. Exhaust will be water and carbondioxide

Exhaust also includes nitrous oxide (21% 0xygen and 78%carbon dioxide)

Igniter is used for combustion to take place which is mounted on the

launch pads


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Liquid rockets

Solid rockets

Liquid rockets

Fuel and oxygen are stored separately

Combustion can be stopped by turning of the fuel supply

Pump is used to supply the fuel and oxygen

Complex and heavier because of the pump

Solid rocketsfuel and oxygen are mixed together and packed into a solid cylinder

Once the combustion take place it cannot be stopped

Categories of a rocket engine


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Working of a rocket engine

The engine casing consist of which contains the nozzle, propellants, and

other explosive charge.

nozzle, a relatively simple device used to accelerate hot gases and

produce thrust


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The hot gases are produced by the solid propellant, shown in green.

An electric igniters' is used to launch a rocket engine

When the flame front reaches the far left of the propellant, thrust goes to

zero Delay charge, colour blue, begins to burn

During the delay, no thrust is produced and the rocket coasts up to its

maximum altitude.

The length of the delay varies between engines from 2 to 8 seconds

The ejection charge, shown in red, is ignited. This produces a small

explosion which ejects hot gas out the front of the engine

Engine mount, ejects the nose cone, and deploys the parachute for a safe

recovery.


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Rocket burn sequenceOn a typical model rocket engine, a small

cone is formed in the

propellant on the nozzle end of the engine. As

the fuel burns, the

size of the cone increases until it hits the

engine casing (about time

= .2 on this engine).

Between

Between time = .2 and .5, the shape of the cone

flattens out and

the area and thrust decreases because the burn rate

also depends

on the curvature of the surface. By time = .5, the

cone has becomea flat flame front which proceeds on down the

engine until the

propellant is used up at time = 2. Between .5 and 2,

the thrust is

constant;


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pe = exit pressure

po = free presure

ae = exit area


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Uses

1. MILITARY

Military weapons use rockets to propel warheads to their targets.

Anti tank and anti aircraft missiles use rocket engines to engage targets at

high speed at a range of several miles.

Intercontinental ballistic missiles can be used to deliver multiple nuclear

2.SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

Sounding rockets are commonly used to carry instruments above the

surface of the Earth, the altitudes between those reachable by weather

balloons and satellites. Warheads thousands of miles.

Rocket may be used to soften a hard parachute landing immediately

before touchdown .


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uses 3. SPACEFLIGHT

Rockets are also used to launch emergency flares. Some crewed

rockets, notably the Saturn V and Soyuz have launch escape systems.

Solid rocket propelled ejection seats are used in many military aircraft

to propel crew away to safety from a vehicle when flight control is lost.

4. RESCUE

Rockets are also used in some types of consumer and professional

fireworks.

Forces on a rocket in flight

Flying rockets are primarily affected by the following:

Drag if moving in atmosphere

Lift; usually relatively small effect except for rocket-powered aircraft

Thrust from the engine

Gravity from celestial bodies


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Technology

Energy

Rocket launch vehicles take-off with a great deal of

flames, noise and drama, and it might seem obvious that

they are grievously inefficient.

The energy density of a typical rocket propellant is oftenaround one-third that of conventional hydrocarbon fuels;

the bulk of the mass is oxidizer.

Energy from the fuel is lost in air drag and gravity drag

and is used for the rocket to gain altitude and speed.However, much of the lost energy ends up in the exhaust.


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References

History of Liquid Rocket Engines by George Sutton

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.howstuffworks.com

http://books.google.com

http://nasa.gov

Dr. Joe Majdalani has written a journal about propulsion of a

rocket engine
http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://books.google.com/http://books.google.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/


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American, Robert Goddard with his Liquid fuelled rockets

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seminar on rocket engine

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