A Seminar on

Project Management

Presented By Mr. Raviraj Solanki

Content• What is Project?• What is Management?• What is Project Management?• Project Environment • Software Engineering• Software development Models• DFD• Conclusion

What is Project?• It is a sequence of tasks.• It is planned from beginning to

end.• It is bounded by time,

resources and required results.• Defined outcome and

deliverables.• It has deadline.• It has limit number of people,

supplies and capital

What is Management?• It is the process of dealing with or controlling things

or people.

What is Project Management?• Project management is the application processes,

methods, knowledge, skills and experience to achieve the project objectives.

• A project is a unique, undertaken to achieve planned objectives, which could be defined in terms of outputs, outcomes or benefits.

What is Software Engineering? • There are two words ‘software’ and

‘engineering’.

• Engineering forces us to focus on systematic, scientific and well defined processes to produce a good quality product.

• The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches, that is, the application of engineering to software.

SDLC

• SDLC provides a series of steps to be followed to design and develop a software product efficiently.

• SDLC includes following steps– Requirement gathering & Analysis– System Design – Coding – Testing– Deployment– Maintenance

Requirement gathering • Analysts and engineers

communicate with the client and end-users to know their ideas on what the software should provide and which features they want the software to include.

FEASIBILITY STUDY • A description of the tasks the system is required to do.• A feasibility is a study made before committing to a project• A feasibility study is carried out to select the best system that

meets performance requirements.• The main aim of the feasibility study activity is to determine

whether it would be financially and technically feasible to develop the product.

• A feasibility study leads to a decision:– Go ahead– Do not go ahead– Think again

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Technical Feasibility• Determine available hardware.• Determine available computer with configuration.• Determine available software.

• Find out technical feasibility required for proposed system 1) It mentions new hardware requirements of proposed system.2) It Mentions Computer with new configuration requirements of

proposed system.3) It mentions New software requirements of the proposed system.

Economical Feasibility1) Feasibility study cost.

2) Cost converting existing system to proposed system.

3) Cost to remolding architecture of the office, machineries, rooms

etc.

4) Cost of hardware's.

5) Cost of operating Software’s.

6) Cost of Application software’s.

7) Cost of training.

8) Cost of documentation preparation.

Operational Feasibility (Behavioral feasibility) • It find out whether the proposed System will be suitable using

three types of aspects; • That are human, organizational, and political aspects. • It finds out whether there is any direct-indirect conflict from the

user of this system or not?• It finds whether the operations of proposed system is easy or not

as compare to existing system.• It find out whether the user or customer of the system requires

extra training or not?• It finds if any job reconstruction is required or not?• Watches the feelings of the customers as well as user.• System should provide right & accurate information to user or

customer at right place as well as at right time.

System Analysis• System analysis includes Understanding of

software product limitations, learning system related problems or changes to be done in existing systems beforehand, identifying and addressing the impact of project on organization and personnel etc.

• The project team analyzes the scope of the project and plans the schedule and resources accordingly.

• Fact-Finding Techniques

System Designing• System Design helps in

specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture.

• The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model.

• For e.g.: DFD, UML

Implementation / Coding• On receiving system design

documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started.

• Since, in this phase the code is produced so it is the main focus for the developer.

• This is the longest phase of the software development life cycle.

Testing: • After the code is developed it is

tested against the requirements to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs addressed and gathered during the requirements phase.

• During this phase all types of functional testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing are done as well as non-functional testing are also done.

Deployment • After successful testing the product is delivered / deployed

to the customer for their use.

• As soon as the product is given to the customers they will first do the beta testing.

• If any changes are required or if any bugs are caught, then they will report it to the engineering team.

• Once those changes are made or the bugs are fixed then the final deployment will happen.

Maintenance• Once when the

customers starts using the developed system then the actual problems comes up and needs to be solved from time to time.

Software Development Models

• Waterfall Model• V-Shaped Model• Evolutionary Prototyping Model• Spiral Method (SDM)• Iterative and Incremental Method• Extreme programming (Agile

development)

Waterfall model

V-Shaped Model

Evolutionary Prototyping Model

Spiral Method (SDM)

Iterative and Incremental Method

Extreme programming (Agile development)

Data flow diagram• Data flow diagram is graphical representation of flow of

data in an information system.• It is capable of Showing incoming data flow, outgoing

data flow and stored data. • There is a prominent difference between DFD and

Flowchart. • The flowchart depicts flow of control in program

modules. • DFDs depict flow of data in the system at various levels.

DFD Notation

Levels of DFD• Level-0– It also known as

context level.– Show the overview of

system.– Only a Single Process

will be used in this level.

– We can not use data store symbol in it.

Level-1– It gives details view of the system.–We can use all symbols of dfd in it.–Must have multiple entity and processes

and data stores in it.

Anything that can be measured, …..can be improved