seminar on infrastructure of a masterplan

8/9/2019 seminar on infrastructure of a masterplan

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INTRODUCTION


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issues concerned withthe land-userequirements of communityservices

Living cultureevolvethroughouttimeso do thehuman needs

andhencethe architectureitself


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The changeto

largerdimensionsin

landdevelopment

Relationships

to communitysurrounding

Long range

values

Neighborhoodprinciples


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1. INFRASTRUCTURE


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// Introduction

+ Therural areashavebeen developed withinfrastructure, utility, social amenities, health

andschool facilities and others to supportthe

economic development ofthe country as well

asincreasing thequality of lifeher populace.


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+ Infrastructuredevelopmentin Malaysia is part

and parcel of a well planned andexecuted

process.

+ Atthemacro level, our national development

has alwaysbeen guidedby a series of long

term Outline Perspectives Plans (OPP).


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// Objectivesin InfrastructureDevelopment

4 motiveshaveshapedthescale and pattern oftheinfrastructuredevelopmentstrategies :


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1. Recognizing thatefficient andreliable

infrastructure facilities andservices arevital

to supportthetown.


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3. The area mustbedevelop andtheusers arecapable, innovative, competitive, resilient,flexible and creative as well asimbued with

positive work ethics andspiritual valuesto

meet challenges ahead.


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4. The need ofthe governmentto bridgedisparities between urban andrural area.


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// Type of Infrastructure

+ Theresourcesinvestedin physicalinfrastructurein Malaysia have contributedto

therapid expansion of growth and

modernization ofvarious categories of

infrastructurein the country.


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// Utilityservices

+ No factorin siteselection ismoreimportantthan

the availability ofwater, sanitary andstorm

sewers, electricity, gas andpublic transportation.

+ Theseservicesshouldbe at ornear the site and

should also be adequate capacityto carrythe

increased load ofthe new development andfuturedevelopment ofthesurrounding tributary

area.


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Water


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+ Public watersupplymains at or nearthesite arethemostdesirablesolution forthesiteselection.

+ Thedevelopershoulddetermine whetheritis

possibleto connecthis project with an existingpublic watersupplysystem.

+ Adjacent watermainsshouldbe checked for

quantity and pressureto assure normal supplyandsufficient for present and futureuse,including fire protection.


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Sewerage


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I dividual septic ta k


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Cesspool


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Electricity


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+ Electricity be available atthesite for light and

power, also for cooking andheating waterintheeventthat gasis not available.

+ Location and capacity ofdistribution lines

shouldbeincluded on studymaps.


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// The Transport System

+ Transportmaybebyland, air or water, and

landtransportisdivisibleinto 2 greatdivision,road andrail.


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+ This opensup tremendous possibilities forthe

creation ofcommunication networks at

relatively negligible cost.

+ If a low-costdevelopmentisunder

consideration, a site within walking distance

to places ofemploymentisideal.


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+ walking replaces auto travel as primemeans of

movement.

+ walking increasesthe apparentsize of neighbourhoodandthe chance ofmeeting people.


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Roads


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+ Roads aretheskeleton of any Town Plan, or, tovarythesimile, thearteries ofthe organism,

through whichthe lifeblood of communicationsflows.

+ Roads are of greatantiquity.

+ They were originallypedestrians tracks alongwhich, beforetheinventions ofthe wheel, loadsmightbedragged on rough sledges, theybecame,ashuman civilization progressed, routes alongwhich animal aredriven, led orridden, andhorse-drawn and later, mechanicallypropelled vehiclestraveled.


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+ A greatdifficultyin discussing roaddesign isthat oneisinevitablydrawn to theuse ofexpressions whichhave notbeen closely

defined and whichindeed, maybeincapableof precisedefinition.

+ Congestion, free flow, safety are3 ofspecial importance anddifficulty.


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+ Hierarchy ofroads:

1.Majorroads :

+ efficientdistributors ofvehiculartraffic.

+ providing optional routes from any pointon thesitethatismorethan a shortb

distance away.

+ maybecomeboulevards with wide

section, with no parking, no foottraffic

andbuffer planting along eachedges.


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Figure : Roaddistribution


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2.Local roads :

+ distributors within the network.

+ connecting withmajorroads.

+ serve withboththeauto andpedestrians.

+ parking is normally allowed.

+ sidewalks are provided.

+ dwelling units can be located aroundthem.


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Figure : Roaddistribution for

mediumdensity area.


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3.Accessroads:

+ connect withthe local roads (neverdirectly withmajorroads).

+ provide accessto individual buildings orto integrated groups ofbuildings.

+ shareddomain of pedestrians and auto.

+ aligned withgood viewing so kids can

play comfortably, adventurouslyand withoutdanger.


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Diagrams anddescription

Parking off a perimeterroadto allow

theresidential area completely free

of cars

Parking off a perimeterroadto allow

theresidential area completely free

of cars

Short accessroadsterminating in

parking courts.

Working distance from frontdoor can

bereduced

Retaining a relative car free

environment

Short accessroadsterminating in

parking courts.

Working distance from frontdoor can

bereduced

Retaining a relative car free

environment


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Accessby a series of lorong into

theresidential

Accessby a series of lorong into

theresidential

Loopsroadinto theresidential

housing

Loopsroadinto theresidential

housing


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A series ofinterconnected courts A series ofinterconnected courts Unconnected courts Unconnected courts


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Controlledspeed ofvehicle on roadin

residential area Thespeed ofvehicle andthescale of

roadisdirectly linked.

Scaleddown road atresidentialspace.

Rumblestrips.

Keep straightsection ofroadshort.

Curve andtighterradiusbend.


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Pedestrian


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Pedestrian Design based on human

behaviour Types of pedestrian movement

according to

Location

Age group

Levels

Purpose


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Location

Urban

Park

Age group

Children

Adults

Old people

Levels

Children

Adults

Old people


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Purpose

Hurrying

Meandering

Resting

Playing

Viewing

Socializing

Seeking solitude


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2. ORGANIZATION OF SPACE.


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Zoning

Enclosure


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Degree ofenclosure Littlesense ofenclosure

Partial enclosure

Strong enclosure


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Sense ofterritory

Open corner Open corner Closed corner Closed corner


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Enclosedspace

Primaryspace

Majorelements which can formthe

framework ofthespace

Building wall

Maturetree

Building bridging gap

Primaryspace

Majorelements which can formthe

framework ofthespace

Building wall

Maturetree

Building bridging gap

Secondaryspace

Elementsthat can scaledown and

humanise as well as create a space

within a space

Screen wall

Shrubs

Treemass

Change of level

Groundmodeling

Secondaryspace

Elementsthat can scaledown and

humanise as well as create a space

within a space

Screen wall

Shrubs

Treemass

Change of level

Groundmodeling


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Character ofspace

Softspace Softspace Hardspace Hardspace


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Types ofenclosure

Static Static Moving Moving

SquareLinear


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Contrasting space

Thetype ofspace

Eg. Fromsquareto linear

From a static spaceto a moving linear

space

Thetype ofspace

Eg. Fromsquareto linear

From a static spaceto a moving linear

space

Thesize/scale Thesize/scale

squarelinear

big

small


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Thedegree ofenclosure Thedegree ofenclosure Theenclosing elements

Hardedges Hard andsoftedges

Softedges

Theenclosing elements

Hardedges Hard andsoftedges

Softedges

Little

enclosureenclosed

Hard

edge

Hard &

softedge

Soft

edge


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Territory

A siteboundarydoesntdefine a territory.

Theremustbe physical boundaries.

public

public

private

public

Semi-public

public


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Wall(gate) Wall(gate) Staggering Building Staggering Building

Stairs Stairs Turning corner Turning corner

Building bridging gap Building bridging gap Vegetation Vegetation


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3. AMENITIES


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Safety & Security

Lack ofsecurity. No policestation nearby.But generally crimeratein rural area is

lowerthan urban area. Firestation (bomba) also is far away fromthesite. Rukun

Tetangga maybethebestsolution to makethesituation bettersince we cant force

the pembinaan of police or firestation because ofsmall population in the area. As

Iskandar ishaving theirdevelopment going on right now, wehopethattheymight

already consideredthismatters andintegrated any appropriatesolution in their

development.


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Recreation

Definite purpose, reasonable costs for

construction andmaintenance.

Location andsite planning ofthe adjacent

residential properties (noise and confusion

fromthe outdoor activity could affect

adjacentresidences).

Well plannedrecreational activities and

facilities will contributeto successful

appeal ofrecreation andsocial activities,

whichis a valuable assetto the

developmentitself.

Type of facilitiesto beincluded and what

sizetheyshouldbedepends on thenumber of familiesto beusing the

common areas (furtherreading : The

CommunityBuilders Handbook,pg.206)


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Currentlythere are2soccer fieldexistin the kampung.1 ofthemis not properly

maintained. Usually local kids andteenagersspendtheirtime playing football or

othertraditional outdoor games atthe field. Adultsdont playsportssincethey are

busy withtheirdailyroutine (cari & jual umpan, kutip botol n scrap metal). Sports

complexis not a very goodsolution, unlessitis free of charges and well

maintained. Locals cant pay for any feesunlesstheyhavebettersalary.But actuallythe aborigines alreadyhadtheir own physical activities whichmostly orientedto

watersuch asswimming. So, wemay propose water-based activities with

appropriate facilities. Community Centre will serves forboth leisure and formal

social activitiessuch as family gatherings, meetings and kenduri.


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existing recreation facilities..


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Education

Ifdistance fromhometo school are greaterthan onehalfmile, school bussesshouldbe available.

Basicallytheelementaryschool isthe neighborhoodschool. Theschool isideal to

be located centrally anddevelopedto becometheheart ofthe community within

walking distance ofeveryhomein the neighborhood.

Suggested configuration :

parking area serve asbuffer

zonebetween field andschool

buildings.

Avoidthis configuration sincethe

Noise from field will disturbthe

privacy of adjacent residential area.


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RELATIONSHIPOFEDUCATIONANDRECREATIONASPECT


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All ofthe org asli kids are currentlystudying at Perling primaryschool. Attheir

housing area thereis a kindergarten foryounger children. Org asli actually

practicedself-learning education, whichskills and knowledge are obtained from

observation. Adults n elders will teachtheyoungstersto look for food, buildshelter and protectthemselves from anyharm.Butthis culturedoesntexists

anymore. According to them, their ancestors wereverybrave andhardworking.

They learnedhow to survivein thejunglebythemselves, withoutrelying on any

kind ofhelp from civilized people.


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commercial


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Full livability for new

neighborhooddependsupon its

prosperity of commercial

facilities

Commercial districts areintegral parts ofthe neighborhoodsin whichthey are located.

Theyserve orhavethe potential to serve asthe providers of goods andservicesto the

neighborhoods whichsurroundthem andto the City as a whole


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There are3types of commercial districts can be found:

1. The neighborhood center:

Sales of convenience goods

Personal services

2. The community center:Widerrange of goods

3. Theregional center:

General merchandise- furniture

300000sq ft-1mil sq ft

Nilai 3


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residential


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Residential Planning deals with the development of residential

communities based primarily around the needs of human beings.

Maximizedynamic

interaction

Personal

interaction

convenience

security

privacy


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A Holistic Approachto Residential Planning

It'simportantto notethat Residential Planning deals withthedevelopmentandmaintenance of not only physical communities, but also holistically

pleasing spacesin whichto exist. Thediscipline attemptsto begin with the

individual and work outward, as opposedto themajority oftraditional

architecture plans which work fromthe landsiteinward.


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industry


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Industrial parks areusually located outsidethemain residential area of a city and

normally provided with goodtransportation access. Industrial parks areusually

located closeto transport facilities, especially wheremorethan onetransportmodes likehighways, railroads, airports, and ports


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Thisidea ofsetting land asidethroughthistype ofzoning isbased on several

concepts

To be ableto concentratededicated infrastructure

in a delimited area to reducethe per-business

expense ofthatinfrastructure

To be ableto attract new businessby providing an

integratedinfrastructure in one location

To set asideindustrial uses fromurban areasto tryto reduce

theenvironmental andsocial impact oftheindustrial uses.

To provide for localizedenvironmental controlsthat arespecific to the needs of an industrial

area.


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REFERENCES

+ Seward H. Mott (2000).

The Community Builders Handbook.

Washington : Urban Land Institute.

+ J. Ross McKeever (1968).

The Community Builders Handbook, Anniversary Edition.United State of America : Urban Land Institute.

+ Richard Untermann & Robert Small (1977).

Site Planning for Cluster Housing.

England : Van Nostrand Reinfold Company.

+ LewisKeeble (1969).

Principles and Practice ofTown and Country Planning.

London : The Estates Gazette Limited

seminar on infrastructure of a masterplan

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