seminar in policy studies - module 2 (b): national environmental policy - business and industry and...

Seminar in Policy Studies- Module 2 (b): National Environmental Policy -

Business and Industry

andNational Environmental Policy

Governments

Business andIndustry

NGOs andCommunities

Module 1: Global

Environmental Policy

Module 2: National


Module 3: Local


Seminar Matrix

Today

Sustainability in Business and Industry

Mass consumption society

- Mass production- Mass consumption- Mass disposal

- Increased burden on the environment

- Increased use of natural resources

Sound Material cycleSociety

- Integration of environment and economy

- Promotion of 3Rs – reduce, reuse and recycle

- Proper management of wastes

- Reduced burden on the environment

- Minimized use of natural resources


“3R” usually refers to:

reduce, reuse and recycle.


“3R”is more than just reduce, reuse and recycle.

It really calls for –

Building an economy based on the life-cycle approach.

But …


Environmental Policy and SustainabilityModule 2: National Environmental Policy [ 12/2]

Consumption and use

Natural material inputs

Reduce generation of wastes and

products

Discard

Production

Use goods repeatedly

FinalDisposal

Treatment

Disposal of those that cannot be used

by any means

Recycle those cannot be reused as raw materials

The production cycle and 3Rs


3 RSustainableProduction

SustainableConsumption


Environmental Policy and SustainabilityModule 2: National Environmental Policy [ 12/2]

3R

Integrated waste

management

EMS and ISO14001

GreenerProcurement

Corporate Social

Responsibility

Eco Towns andEco-industrial Parks

Global Reporting Initiative

Green Consumerism

Socially Responsible Investment

Extended Producer

Responsibility

Green Labeling

IndustrialEcology

3R as an ‘Umbrella’ concept for other concepts


Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Disposal

Design for 3Rs, indication of eco-labels, reduction of

byproducts, use of recycled parts and materials, etc.

Simplified packaging, use of reusable boxes, supply of

eco-labeled goods, collection of packaging, etc.

Green purchasing, carry bag, household waste

sorting, bringing recyclables to collection

centers etc.

Permit system for waste management firms and

facilities, waste treatment standards, waste tracking

system/manifest etc.


Design for Environment Energy Efficiency Environmental Building Design Environmental Management Systems Environmental Philanthropy Packaging Air Pollution Prevention Water Pollution Prevention Recycling and Waste Reduction Resource Conservation

KEY AREAS OF ACTION:

Green Business Practices in Japan

Design for Environment

Design and development of environmental products essentially aim to reduce the use of restricted substances, minimize environmental impact, and increase the recyclability of the products. Companies have achieved these goals by working closely with their customers and suppliers to exchange information regarding the environmental performance characteristics of their products.

Such programmes incorporate environmental considerations, including facility design materials selection, energy consumption, manufacturing, product use and operation, and final disposition, early in the product development process.

1.


Energy Efficiency

There are many issues that are generally covered under 'energy efficiency'. These include:

• Utility Cost ReductionCompanies aim to reduce energy usage and therefore utility costs to the greatest extent possible. Such aims cover, for example, heating, cooling and ventilation, lighting levels and water conservation.

• Energy ConservationCompanies first perform an energy audit, covering loads, devices etc. Enabling future improvements, such audits focus on time-of-use, conservation measures possible etc. and propose measures that are both operational and technological in nature. Measures include cost, ease of implementation, energy saved, as well as cost reduction in general.

• Water ConservationWater conservation efforts included the conversion of water cooling systems to closed-loop systems, recirculating the water instead of piping in public-supply water, and the elimination of nonessential processes and modification of piping and timer systems.

Employee awareness and participation are an important contribution to efforts in achieving energy efficiency.

2.


Environmental Building Design There are many ways in which efficient building design can lead to efficient energy use. Such measures are taken both in the architectural design of the building itself, as well as in the various infrastructure and services that are installed in it.

These include: proper building to site orientation, high efficiency lighting, optimized daylighting, oversized low restriction ducts, variable speed drives in the HVAC units, increased building insulation, heat mirror glass, reflective roof coating, occupant sensors throughout the building, and efficient office equipment.

3.


Environmental Management Systems

Environmental Management Systems are tailored to each company's own needs. While the results can vary, self-audit programs focus on company-specific environmental issues, enabling among other things, a high awareness of environmental issues. Implementation of EMS covers areas such as policy, organizational restructuring, marketing identity and standards etc.

Companies achieve this by developing checklists, marking realistic environmental compliance targets, encouraging transparency and accountability, and similar measures. Effective communication of such measures, internally and externally, remains critical to better understanding, acceptance and compliance. It also serves as a focus to challenge all involved to develop new approaches to environmental improvements

4.


Environmental Philanthropy

A committed approach to environmental improvement goes beyond mere cost-benefit analyses and concerns broader, universal issues. Many companies do not rule out philanthropy as a means to achieve environmental consciousness.

Companies favouring this typically take measure such as access to environmental technology, access to engineering support, free educational classes, staff volunteering in community programmes, information dissemination of activities and measures, and assistance in publishing research and promotional materials. Besides supporting existing environmental efforts and actions, companies are also directly involved in activities such as tree-planting.

5.


Packaging

Most efforts to streamline packaging have focussed on three aspects: (a) using as little packaging material as needed(b) using recycled material wherever it is environmentally and economically sound(c) making packaging as recyclable as possible.

Packaging issues have come to the fore due to increasing quantities of municipal waste, with a significant portion coming from consumer goods packaging. This has highlighted the need to both increase recycling and minimize the amount of material used in packaging. This would reduce waste and decrease the use of virgin/new materials.

6.


Air Pollution Prevention

Air pollution prevention efforts of companies have generally focussed on both source and waste reduction, and on reuse and recycling. Preventing air pollution within a company's manufacturing processes remains the key approach. Cleaning and processing, switch to non-polluting technologies and materials, reduced generation of waste water, converting hazardous by-products to non-threatening forms, etc. have been attempted in this regard.

Indirect air pollution prevention measures by companies also cover transportation. Examples of such measures include: providing company transportation to employees; offering commuting information and selling public transit passes; and encouraging employees to carpool and use public transportation. Companies have also initiated successful programmes such as the use of bicycles to commute to work, telecomuting, and work-at-home etc. to reduce pollution due to commuting.

7.


Water Pollution Prevention

Measures to prevent water pollution essentially strive to conserve and protect water quality - in terms of its use reduction and disposal, waste water treatment, procedural changes and recycling.

Water conservation programmes have also included the substitution/reduction of hazardous materials and the generation of hazardous wastes. Employee awareness, education and training in pollution identification and reduction is critical in achieving successful results.

8.


Recycling and Waste Reduction Recycling and waste reduction is a recurring theme that is an integral part of most of the above environmental measures taken by companies. Most popular and tangible among these measures have targeted paper. Efficient use of paper, streamlining processes and tasks that need excessive paper, paper source sorting and disposal systems (both in-house and external systems), are covered here. Other wastes such as glass, aluminum, cardboard, wooden pallets, polyurethane and polystyrene foam, furniture etc. have similarly been targeted for source sorting and disposal systems. Besides cost consideration, companies have included waste disposal methods and techniques, recycling efforts etc. as criteria to select trash contractors.

Another measure incorporated by companies is the purchase of recycled materials for office supplies. Products with higher percentages of post-consumer content, reused copy/printer toners cartridges, recycled tissue and napkins etc. have been incorporated in purchasing decisions. Online internet and intranet networks have been used as an alternative to inter-office memos and conventional communication methods. Centralized information, leadership, and a corporate commitment have been found to be critical in developing a culture for the 'reduce, reuse, and recycle' corporate environment.

9.


Resource Conservation

Water, electricity, office supplies, manufacturing and production materials, building materials etc form resources that a company uses. Conservation of such resources is an important environmental measure taken by companies. These include restrictions and reductions in the use of resources, recovery of (re)usable resources from waste products, recycling of resources after adequate processing. Companies also resort to the use of certified products that have had minimum environmental impact, and have been included in a comprehensive resource recovery cycle, including post-production processing. Thus company purchasing decisions are increasingly including environmental concerns in their choice of supplies, materials and refills.

Resource conservation measures have also covered maintaining regulatory compliance, chemical source reduction, emissions control, equipment review and construction support, and product stewardship. Increased 'returnable' content in a product or its packaging has also been used in conservation efforts.

10.

Example –1 Business and

IndustryKeidanren

Business Charteron the Global Environment

http://www.keidanren.or.jp/


Industry

Local Government+ MoE/METI

Eco TownDevelopment

http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/ecotown/


Industry

Local Governments

+ MAFF

Bio Mass Towns

http://www.biomass-hq.jp/index.html

Next class:

Module 2: National Environmental Policy

Governm

ents


NPOs a

ndCom

mun

ities

1 4 72

668

3 9

Class Matrix

What national environmental policies impact NPOs and

communities? How do their activities impact the

environment? How can they help?

5

Governments


NPOs andCommunities

Module 1: Global


Module 2: National


Module 3: Local


Next session

Next …

Send me an email anytime!

Hari Srinivas

[email protected]

Class Communication …

IMPORTANT: When you send an email, please always put “[GEP]” in the subject line!

Resources, websites, ideas, notes will be available online:

www.gdrc.info/gep/

seminar in policy studies - module 2 (b): national environmental policy - business and industry and...

Documents

industry environmental

sustainability module

environmental impact

industry design

rs slide

governments business

policy studies module

industry ngos