seminar final 11
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Optical ComputingOptical Computing
KinjalkKinjalk VermaVerma 399399
VaibhavVaibhav NarulaNarula 357357
Sumit Kothari 342Sumit Kothari 342OmkarOmkar ShenoyShenoy 388388
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Optical computingOptical computing Vs.Vs. electronic computing.electronic computing.
OpticalOptical hardware and componentshardware and components
Working of OWorking of Opticalptical computercomputer
AdvantagesAdvantages ofof OpticalOptical computercomputer
ExpectedExpected futurefuture
LimitingLimiting factorsfactors
Current researchCurrent research
ConclusionConclusion
Overview:Overview:
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Use VLSI technology.Use VLSI technology.
Electronic circuits, wiring required.Electronic circuits, wiring required.
Calculations done using electron transfer.Calculations done using electron transfer.
Bulky and space consumingBulky and space consuming
Bandwidth inBandwidth in GhzGhz
Traditional ComputingTraditional Computing
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Traditional ComputerTraditional Computer
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Free from all internal wiring.Free from all internal wiring.
No insulators required.No insulators required.
Use of infrared beams instead of current.Use of infrared beams instead of current.Holographic Memory.Holographic Memory.
Less bulky.Less bulky.
Bandwidth in THz.Bandwidth in THz.
Optical ComputingOptical Computing
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Optical ComputerOptical Computer
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Optical Computers ElectronicOptical Computers Electronic
ComputersComputers
Smaller Big in sizeSmaller Big in size
Less in weight More in weightLess in weight More in weight
Bandwidth inBandwidth in thzthz Bandwidth inBandwidth in ghzghz
Photons needed for signal Electrons needed forPhotons needed for signal Electrons needed for
signalsignal
Optical Computers vs. ElectronicOptical Computers vs. Electronic
computers:computers:
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No wiring required, resulting in fasterNo wiring required, resulting in faster
computing.computing.
Optics have a higher bandwidth capacityOptics have a higher bandwidth capacity
than electronics.than electronics.
Free from electrical shot circuits andFree from electrical shot circuits and
electromagnetic interference.electromagnetic interference.
Higher parallelism, and low lossHigher parallelism, and low losstransmissiontransmission
Cost efficientCost efficient
Why Optical Computing?Why Optical Computing?
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Optical processorOptical processor
HolographicHolographic MemoryMemory
OpticalOptical NetworkingNetworking
InputInput--OutputOutput DevicesDevices
Hardware of an Optical ComputerHardware of an Optical Computer
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The most important part of Optical ComputingThe most important part of Optical Computing
The processor is expected to perform 8 trillionThe processor is expected to perform 8 trillion
operations per second equivalent to theoperations per second equivalent to the
Supercomputer.Supercomputer.
1000 times faster than the normal processors1000 times faster than the normal processors
All this by usingAll this by using uptoupto 256 lasers computing at256 lasers computing at
lighting speedslighting speeds
Optical ProcessorOptical Processor
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A way to guide the lightA way to guide the light
RouteRoute itit
SplitSplit itit
Couple itCouple it
GetGet it in and out of the chip efficientlyit in and out of the chip efficiently
AA way to modulate the data, to encodeway to modulate the data, to encode
optical bitsoptical bits
Basic functions:Basic functions:
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LensletLenslet
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LensletLenslet ltd,anltd,an IIsaraelisaraeli company recently launchedcompany recently launchedworlds first optical processorworlds first optical processor
SpeedSpeed of 8of 8 TeraTera (8,000 Giga) operations per(8,000 Giga) operations persecond.second.
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Till now there is no definiteTill now there is no definite
architecture of optical processor.architecture of optical processor.Lots of research is in progressLots of research is in progress
But many proposed models are thereBut many proposed models are there
LikeLike LensletLenslet LtdLtd
Architecture of Optical processor:Architecture of Optical processor:
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Consists of three elementsConsists of three elements::
1.1. Vector matrix multiplier (VMMVector matrix multiplier (VMM) : It perform its ultra) : It perform its ultra
fast vector matrix operationsfast vector matrix operations
2.2. Vector processor unit (VPU)Vector processor unit (VPU) : Vector processing: Vector processing
unit, it handles 8000 gigs operations per secondunit, it handles 8000 gigs operations per second
3.3. Standard DSPStandard DSP : for control and scaling purposes: for control and scaling purposes
Model byModel by LensletLenslet ltdltd
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Speed comparisons between Optical Processor Vs. NormalSpeed comparisons between Optical Processor Vs. Normalprocessor to copy a 4processor to copy a 4 gbgb moviemovie highdefhighdef movie.movie.
The graph below shows time in seconds(small the better)The graph below shows time in seconds(small the better)
ComparisionComparision::
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Optical Processor Normal Processor
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Speeds are equal to super computerSpeeds are equal to super computer
Heats generated is reduced by a hugeHeats generated is reduced by a huge
marginmargin
Made up of mainly organic stuffMade up of mainly organic stuff
Ultra consumption of electricity asUltra consumption of electricity as
compare to the speed theyre providingcompare to the speed theyre providing
Advantages Optical processor:Advantages Optical processor:
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It is essentially a 3It is essentially a 3--D memory storage deviceD memory storage device
Holographic data storage records informationHolographic data storage records information
throughout the volume of the mediumthroughout the volume of the medium
It is capable of recording multiple images in theIt is capable of recording multiple images in the
same area utilizing light at different angles.same area utilizing light at different angles.It is capable of recording and reading millions of bitsIt is capable of recording and reading millions of bits
in parallel, enabling super fast data transfer.in parallel, enabling super fast data transfer.
Possibility of storing 1 TB of data in a sugarPossibility of storing 1 TB of data in a sugar--cubecube--
sized crystalsized crystal..All types of Cds and DVDs are part of HolographicAll types of Cds and DVDs are part of Holographic
memorymemory
Holographic memory:Holographic memory:
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Information is transmitted entirely in the form of optical orInformation is transmitted entirely in the form of optical or
infrared transmission signals.infrared transmission signals.
Advantages over Electronic networks:Advantages over Electronic networks:
Increased bandwidth provided by photon signals.Increased bandwidth provided by photon signals.
WaveWave--division multiplexing (WDM).division multiplexing (WDM).
Shorter data transmission delay times.Shorter data transmission delay times. Faster EndFaster End--toto--End data transfer.End data transfer.
Optical NetworkingOptical Networking
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Core, cladding, buffer.Core, cladding, buffer.
Step Index MultimodeStep Index Multimode
Graded Index Multimode.Graded Index Multimode.
Single Mode.Single Mode.
Use of optical fiber for networking:Use of optical fiber for networking:
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OpticalOptical MouseMouse
Led and photodiodes.Led and photodiodes.
Surface Independent.Surface Independent.
Camera for snapshot pictures.Camera for snapshot pictures.
OpticalOptical Keyboard:Keyboard:
Surface independent.Surface independent.
Finger moments into keystrokes.Finger moments into keystrokes.
OptoOpto--electronic Circuits.electronic Circuits.
Input Output DevicesInput Output Devices
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Detect Vibration of membrane using light.Detect Vibration of membrane using light.
LED with reflecting spot.LED with reflecting spot.
GlassF
ibers.GlassF
ibers.PhotoPhoto detectordetector..
Optical MicrophoneOptical Microphone
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Higher Performance.Higher Performance.
Higher Parallelism.Higher Parallelism.
Less Power Consumption.Less Power Consumption.
Less Noise.Less Noise.
Negligible Loss in Communication.Negligible Loss in Communication.
Highly flexible atHighly flexible at LayoutLayout
Advantages of opticalAdvantages of optical
computing:computing:
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Optics powered CellOptics powered Cell PhonesPhonesOptical fibersOptical fibers
Optical computing!Optical computing!
ExpectedF
uture:ExpectedF
uture:
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Optical components and their productionOptical components and their production
is still expensive.is still expensive.
Optical components are not miniaturizedOptical components are not miniaturizedenough yet.enough yet.
Incompatibility.Incompatibility.
New expensive highNew expensive high--tech factories have totech factories have tobe built.be built.
Limiting factors:Limiting factors:--
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Hence we would like to conclude by saying that, opticalHence we would like to conclude by saying that, opticalcomputing is the future of computers.computing is the future of computers.
With the advancement of technology day by day, opticalWith the advancement of technology day by day, optical
computing is one of the many solutions tocomputing is one of the many solutions to fulfilfulfil the needs ofthe needs of
mankind!mankind!
ConclusionsConclusions
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Huge amount of research is done byHuge amount of research is done byIBM and IntelIBM and Intel
Current ResearchCurrent Research
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Thank youThank you