seminar
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Seminar. Chemical Methods for Electronic Wastes Recovery Supervisor: Professor H. S. Ghaziaskar Department of Chemistry. Gholamhossein Paniri. Isfahan University of Technology. Content. What is electronic wastes Why E-Wastes are recycling E-waste recycling steps - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SeminarSeminar
Chemical Methods for Electronic Wastes Chemical Methods for Electronic Wastes RecoveryRecovery
Supervisor: Professor H. S. GhaziaskarSupervisor: Professor H. S. Ghaziaskar
Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry
Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan University of Technology
Gholamhossein Paniri
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ContentContent
What is electronic wastesWhat is electronic wastes
Why E-Wastes are recyclingWhy E-Wastes are recycling
E-waste recycling stepsE-waste recycling steps
Methods of materials chemical recoveryMethods of materials chemical recovery
ConclusionsConclusions
ReferencesReferences
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What is Electronic Waste?What is Electronic Waste?
Electronic WasteElectronic Waste E- Waste
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Why E-Waste Recycling???Why E-Waste Recycling???
H.-Y. Kang, J.M. Schoenung / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 45 (2005)
CRT CRT 12%12%
Metals 49%Metals 49%Plastics 33%Plastics 33%
Others 6%Others 6%
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Types material of E-WasteTypes material of E-Waste
precious metalsprecious metals
hazardous materialhazardous material
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Electronic Electronic waste scrapwaste scrap FeFe CuCu AlAl PbPb ZnZn AgAg AuAu PdPd
PCPC 77 2020 55 1.51.5 11 1010 2525 1111
MobileMobile
PhonePhone
55 1313 11 0.30.3 0.10.1 13.813.8 3535 2121
DVDDVD
PlayerPlayer
2323 55 22 0.30.3 0.050.05 11.511.5 1.51.5 44
CalculatorCalculator 6262 33 55 0.10.1 0.50.5 2.62.6 55 55
PrinterPrinter 4.54.5 1010 77 1.21.2 0.850.85 2.82.8 1111 00
TVTV 00 3.43.4 1.21.2 0.20.2 0.0380.038 0.290.29 0.120.12 33
CRTCRT 2828 1010 1010 11 0.30.3 0.280.28 0.20.2 00
Weight Percent of Metals in different Electronic Wastes Weight Percent of Metals in different Electronic Wastes
J. Cui, L. Zhang / Journal of Hazardous Materials 158 (2008) 228–256
88Pri= the current price of metal i
Vi= Value distribution
Wti= Weight precent of metal i in the electronic scrap sample
VVii==100100 WtWtiiPrPrii
WtWtiiPrPrii∑∑
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Electronic Electronic waste scrapwaste scrap
FeFe CuCu AlAl PbPb ZnZn AgAg AuAu PdPd Sum of Sum of
Prcious Prcious metalsmetals
PricesPrices
($/ ton )($/ ton )
300300 77367736 24752475 35803580 3115031150 430000430000 2449000024490000 1166000011660000 ──
PCPC 00 1616 11 11 33 44 6262 1313 7979
Mobile phoneMobile phone 00 88 00 00 00 55 6767 1919 9191
DVD playerDVD player 1717 3535 11 11 11 44 3333 22 4242
CalculatorCalculator 11 1212 00 00 88 66 6464 44 7373
PrinterPrinter 11 1919 44 11 66 33 6666 88 6969
TVTV 00 8282 99 22 44 33 00 00 33
CRTCRT 44 3939 1313 22 55 66 2525 66 3737
Value-ShareValue-Share(%) (%)
a The metal price data are from London Metal Exchange (LME) official prices for cash seller and settlement on the 24th October, 2007.
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Toxic Content of E-waste
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7.24 kg7.24 kg PlasticPlastic 14/427/000 kg14/427/000 kg
1.98 kg1.98 kg LeadLead 3/962/700 kg3/962/700 kg
9.92g9.92g BariumBarium 19/845kg19/845kg
4.94g4.94g BerylliumBeryllium 9/891kg9/891kg
2.961g2.961g CadmiumCadmium 5/922 Kg5/922 Kg
1.981 g1.981 g ChromiumChromium 3/969kg3/969kg
0.693g0.693g MercuryMercury 1/386kg1/386kg
0.4095g0.4095g ArsenicArsenic 819kg819kg
E-waste hazardsE-waste hazards
Average pc of approx. 31.5 kgAverage pc of approx. 31.5 kg Two million obsoleteTwo million obsolete
Wt. contains Pcs world meanWt. contains Pcs world mean
www.toxicslink.org
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Scope of the problemScope of the problem
Rapidly growing E-waste streamRapidly growing E-waste stream2002 4.52002 4.5
2005 32005 3
2009 22009 2
H.-Y. Kang, J.M. Schoenung / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 45 (2008) 368–400
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Why recycling E-waste?Why recycling E-waste?
1.E-Waste large amount of precious1.E-Waste large amount of precious metalsmetals
2.E-Waste contain hazardous material2.E-Waste contain hazardous material
3.E-Waste is a huge secondary3.E-Waste is a huge secondary resourceresource above (mine ground) should notabove (mine ground) should not wastedwasted
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E-waste recycling contentE-waste recycling content
1.Ban export and disposal as well as incineration 1.Ban export and disposal as well as incineration landfillinglandfilling
2.Advertisement for recycling2.Advertisement for recycling
3.Collection and transportation3.Collection and transportation
4.Market for reuse4.Market for reuse
5.Materials recovery facility (MRF)5.Materials recovery facility (MRF)
Resources, Conservation and Recycling 45 (2005) 368–400
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Ban export and disposalBan export and disposal
The Basel conventionThe Basel convention
Disposal = reuse + recyclingDisposal = reuse + recycling
Hong Hong KongKong
VietnamVietnam ThailandThailand MalaysiaMalaysia ChainaChaina CambodiaCambodia KoreaKorea OthersOthers
13549631354963 197815197815 6532365323 2726427264 1444014440 1301113011 85988598 1801518015
The amount of secondhand The amount of secondhand personal computerpersonal computer exported from Japan in 2005 exported from Japan in 2005
Hong Hong KongKong
VietnamVietnam CambodiaCambodia MalaysiaMalaysia MyenmarMyenmar ChainaChaina ThailandThailand OthersOthers
2835628356 658293658293 281124281124 167723167723 166010166010 9277992779 3546335463 4525945259
The amount of seconhand The amount of seconhand television television exported from Japan in 2005exported from Japan in 2005
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Advertisement and sortingAdvertisement and sorting
AdvertisementAdvertisement
Sorting
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Collection and transportationCollection and transportation
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Market for reuseMarket for reuseMRFMaterials Recovery Facility
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Electronic Waste in IRANElectronic Waste in IRAN
2020
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Materials recovery of chemical methodsMaterials recovery of chemical methods
1. percious metals Recovery1. percious metals Recovery
2. hazardous materials Recovery2. hazardous materials Recovery
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Precious metals recoveryPrecious metals recovery
1.Pyrometallurgical1.Pyrometallurgical
2.Hydrometallurgical2.Hydrometallurgical
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Recovery of precios metals from E- waste by Recovery of precios metals from E- waste by pyrometallurgical processingpyrometallurgical processing
1.Incineration1.Incineration
2.Smelting in a blast furnace2.Smelting in a blast furnace
3.Drossing3.Drossing
4.Sintering4.Sintering
5.Reaction in a gas phase at high tempertures5.Reaction in a gas phase at high tempertures
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TechniquesTechniques Metals recoveredMetals recovered Main resultsMain results
Noranda process at canadaNoranda process at canada Cu, Au,Pt,Pd,Se,Te,ZnCu, Au,Pt,Pd,Se,Te,Zn High recovery for CopperHigh recovery for Copper
Boliden RÖnnskarBoliden RÖnnskar Cu,Ag,Au,Pd,Zn,PbCu,Ag,Au,Pd,Zn,Pb High recovery of High recovery of
Percious metalsPercious metals
UmicoreUmicore precious metal precious metal refiningrefining
Cu,Ag,Pt,Pd,AuCu,Ag,Pt,Pd,Au Almost complete recoveryAlmost complete recovery
Of CopperOf Copper
Dunns patent for gold Dunns patent for gold refiningrefining
AuAu Recovering special matalsRecovering special matals
Such as Sb ,Bi, Sn,Se,Te,InSuch as Sb ,Bi, Sn,Se,Te,In
Days patent for refractory Days patent for refractory ceramic percious metalsceramic percious metals
Pt,PdPt,Pd Platinum and palladiumPlatinum and palladium
Were recovered with ofWere recovered with of
80.3% and 94.2% 80.3% and 94.2% respectivelyrespectively
Aleksandrovichs patent for Aleksandrovichs patent for Recovery of gold Recovery of gold
AuAu Gold were recoveredGold were recovered
A summary of typical A summary of typical pyrometallurgical methodspyrometallurgical methods for recovery of metals from electronic waste for recovery of metals from electronic waste
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Advantages pyrometallurgical processingAdvantages pyrometallurgical processing
1.High efficiency recovery precious metals from E-waste1.High efficiency recovery precious metals from E-waste
2.Recovery of energy from PC waste gives an example for 2.Recovery of energy from PC waste gives an example for using of plastic in E-waste using of plastic in E-waste
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Disavantages pyrometallurgicalDisavantages pyrometallurgical processingprocessing
1.Integrated smelters cannot recover1.Integrated smelters cannot recover aluminum andaluminum and iron iron as metalsas metals
2.Ceramic componets and glass in the2.Ceramic componets and glass in the E-waste E-waste increase the amount of slagincrease the amount of slag from Blast furnaces from Blast furnaces
3.Precious metals stay for a 3.Precious metals stay for a long timelong time in in thethe pyrometallurgical processingpyrometallurgical processing
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Disavantages pyrometallurgicalDisavantages pyrometallurgical processingprocessing
4.Energy recovery and utilizing of organic constituents as a 4.Energy recovery and utilizing of organic constituents as a reducing agent are reducing agent are only on its beginningonly on its beginning
5.Thermal processing of e-waste provides a feasible approach 5.Thermal processing of e-waste provides a feasible approach for recovery of energy from e-wastefor recovery of energy from e-waste
if if a comprehensive emissiona comprehensive emission control system iscontrol system is installedinstalled
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Recovery of precious metals fromRecovery of precious metals fromE-Waste by hydrometallurgicalE-Waste by hydrometallurgical
processingprocessing
The main steps in hydrometallurgicalThe main steps in hydrometallurgical
Separation and purificationSeparation and purification
Processing consist of a series of acidProcessing consist of a series of acid
Or caustic leaches of solid materialOr caustic leaches of solid materialPrecipitation of impurities
Solvent extraction
Adsorption
Cementation..…
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Leaching of precious metalsLeaching of precious metals
Cyanide leachingCyanide leaching
Halide leachingHalide leaching
Thiourea leachingThiourea leaching
Thiosulfate leachingThiosulfate leaching
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Halide leachingHalide leaching
Exceptions of flurine and astatineExceptions of flurine and astatine
Gold forms both Au(I) and Au(III) complexes with all Gold forms both Au(I) and Au(III) complexes with all halogenshalogens
Low pHLow pH
High halogen levelHigh halogen level
Icreased temperatureIcreased temperature
High surface areaHigh surface area
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Aqua regiaAqua regia
2HNO2HNO33 + 6HCl 2NO + 4H2O +3Cl + 6HCl 2NO + 4H2O +3Cl22
2Au + 11HCl + 3HNO2Au + 11HCl + 3HNO33 2HAuCl 2HAuCl44 + 3NOCl + 6H2O + 3NOCl + 6H2O
AdvantageAdvantage
The process generally fastThe process generally fast
Low reagent consumptionLow reagent consumption
Halide leachingHalide leaching
disavantagedisavantage
Highly corrosive acidHighly corrosive acid
Highly poisonousHighly poisonous
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Recovery of precious metale from leachateRecovery of precious metale from leachate
CementationCementation
Crowe 1890Crowe 1890
Zinc cementationZinc cementation
2Au2Au(CN)(CN)22- - +2e 2Au+4CN+2e 2Au+4CN--
ZnZn+ 4CN+ 4CN-- Zn(CN) Zn(CN)44-2-2 + 2e + 2e
PH 8-11PH 8-11
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Crushed matter (0.3 mm)Crushed matter (0.3 mm)
Sulfuric acid leaching of copperSulfuric acid leaching of copper
filtrationfiltrationPrecipitation (NaCl) of AgPrecipitation (NaCl) of Ag
filtrationfiltration Cu RecoveryCu Recovery
AgClAgCl
Chloride leaching of palladiumChloride leaching of palladium
filtrationfiltration
Cyanide leaching of gold and silverCyanide leaching of gold and silver
filtrationfiltration
Solid waste treatmentSolid waste treatment
Cementation ( Al )Cementation ( Al ) filtrationfiltration RecyclingRecycling
Pd,Ag,AuPd,Ag,Au
Activeted Carbon AdsorptionActiveted Carbon Adsorption
Ag,Au,CuAg,Au,Cu
RecyclingRecycling
LL
SS
LL
SS
LL
SS
LL
SS
LL
SS
LL
SS
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Comparing withComparing withthe pyrometallurgical processing the pyrometallurgical processing
hydrometallurgical methode ishydrometallurgical methode is
More exactMore exact
More predictableMore predictable
More easily controlledMore easily controlled
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Recovery of hazardious metalsRecovery of hazardious metalsfrom E-Wastefrom E-Waste
Cathod Ray TubeCathod Ray Tube CC RR TT
0.50.5 – – 55 kg pbkg pb
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Cathode Ray Tube RecyclingCathode Ray Tube Recycling
1.Glass1.GlassFunel glass, panel glass,solder glass,neckFunel glass, panel glass,solder glass,neck
SioSio22,Nao,Cao for coloring and,Nao,Cao for coloring and
Zno,Bao,Pbo for proctecting from X-RaysZno,Bao,Pbo for proctecting from X-Rays
2.Non glass2.Non glassPlastic,steel,copper,electron gun ,phosphor coatingPlastic,steel,copper,electron gun ,phosphor coating
CRT componentsCRT components
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Cathode Ray Tube RecyclingCathode Ray Tube Recycling
1.Glass-to-glass recycling1.Glass-to-glass recycling
2.Glass-to-lead recycling2.Glass-to-lead recycling
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collectioncollection
sortingsorting
Vibratin scrrenVibratin scrren
Magnetic separationMagnetic separation Ferrous metalsFerrous metals
Eddy current separationEddy current separation Nonferrous metalsNonferrous metals
Glass-to-lead recyclingGlass-to-lead recycling
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Eddy currentEddy current
σσ:: electrical conductivityelectrical conductivity
ρρ : : densitydensity
σσ//ρρ :: ratio of electrical conductivity to densityratio of electrical conductivity to density
MaterialsMaterials σσ (10 (10 -8 -8 / / ΏΏ m ) m ) ΡΡ (10 (10 3 3 Kg / m Kg / m 33 ) ) σσ / / ρρ (10 (10 3 3 m m 2 2 / / ΏΏ kg ) kg )
AlAl 0.350.35 2.72.7 13.113.1
ZnZn 0.170.17 7.17.1 2.42.4
AgAg 0.630.63 10.510.5 66
CuCu 0.590.59 8.98.9 6.66.6
BrassBrass 0.140.14 8.58.5 1.71.7
PbPb 0.050.05 11.311.3 0.40.4
H.-Y. Kang, J.M. Schoenung / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 45 (2005) 368–400
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pretreatmentpretreatment
reverberatory reverberatory furnacefurnace
reductantreductant
slageslage disposaldisposal
landfillsdlandfillsdSoft PbSoft Pb
99.98%99.98%
H.-Y. Kang, J.M. Schoenung / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 45 (2005) 368–400
PbO + C → Pb + CO
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ConclusionConclusion
1.Recycling of electronic waste is an important subject1.Recycling of electronic waste is an important subject
2. E-Waste is a huge secondary resource (maine above ground) 2. E-Waste is a huge secondary resource (maine above ground)
Shouh not wastedShouh not wasted
3.The major economic driver for recycling of electronic waste3.The major economic driver for recycling of electronic waste
is from the recovery of precious metalsis from the recovery of precious metals
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ReferencesReferences J.Cui,E.Fotssberg,Mechanical recycling of waste electronic and electric equipment J.Cui,E.Fotssberg,Mechanical recycling of waste electronic and electric equipment : a reveiew , j.Hazard .mater.99 (3) (2003) 243-263: a reveiew , j.Hazard .mater.99 (3) (2003) 243-263EPCEU,:Directive 2002 / 96/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 27EPCEU,:Directive 2002 / 96/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 27January 2003 on waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) ,off.j.Eur.UnionJanuary 2003 on waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) ,off.j.Eur.Union(2003) 24-38(2003) 24-38T. Maruyama, H. Matsushita, Y. Shimada, et al., Proteins and protein-rich biomass as environmentally friendly adsorbents selective for precious metal ions, Environ. Sci.
Technol. 41 (4) (2007) 1359–1364, Feb 15A.N. Mabbett, D. Sanyahumbi, P. Yong, et al., Biorecovered precious metals from
industrial wastes: Single-step conversion of a mixed metal liquid waste to a bioinorganic catalyst with environmental application, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (3) (2006) 1015–1021, Feb 1
J. Shibata, S. Matsumoto, Development of Environmentally Friendly Leaching and Recovery Process of Gold and Silver from Wasted Electronic Parts, 2007-10-29, 2007D. Morin, A. Lips, T. Pinches, et al., BioMinE – Integrated project for the development
of biotechnology for metal-bearing materials in Europe, Hydrometallurgy 83 (1–4) (2006) 69–76.