seminar 3 (1)

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Introduction to Generative Grammar

Seminar 3: S-structure. D-structure.

Movement.

Date: December 6, 2013

Instructor: Adriana Todea Office hours: Friday 2-3 p.m.

Alpha Centre room

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D-structure

S-structurePhonetic Form Logical Form

Move

Eliminates phonological redundancies Preserves meaning by creating

logical chains

Projection Principle X-bar model

Theta-criterion

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Using the X-bar model, draw the tree diagram of the following sentence:

1. What did the president meet the strikers’ leaders yesterday for?

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meet

V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

D-structureCP

C’

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Purpose

Temporal

Patient

I

did

the strikers’ leaders

NP

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

Subject argument of the verb to spec-IP (+EPP )

C

[+interr]

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meet

V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

D-structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]


The interrogative feature triggers :

--the IC head-to-head movement;

Purpose

[+interr]

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meet

V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

D-structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]




-- wh-movement

[+interr]

Purpose

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

D-structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]




-- wh-movement

[+interr]

Purpose

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

Movement

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

Spec-VP to spec-IP (Subject movement)


-- IC head-to-head movement;

-- wh-movement to spec-CP

NP

the

president

did

NP

what

Purpose

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

NP

the

president

did

NP

whatInteraction with PF: deletion of the

pronunciation of redundant phrases

Purpose

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

t


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

NP

the

president

did

NP



Purpose

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

NP

what

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

t


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

did

NP



t

Purpose

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

t


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

did

NP



t

t

Purpose

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP P’

P

for

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

t


NP

PP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

did

NP

whatInteraction with LF:

t

t

chain (whatk , tk )

chain (NPi ‘the president’, ti)

chain (did j, t j)

t j

did j NPi

the

president

ti

NPk

what

tk

Purpose

[+interr]

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2. For what did the president meet the strikers’ leaders yesterday?

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

D-structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

P’

NP

what

P

for

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]




-- wh-movement

[+interr]

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V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

Movement

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

did


NP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

Spec-VP to spec-IP (Subject movement)


-- IC head-to-head movement;

-- wh-movement to spec-CP

NP

the

president

did

PP

for what

P’

NP

what

P

for

PP

[+interr]

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PP

for what

meet

V

NP

the

president

VP

I’

IP

S-Structure

C

C’

CP

V’

V’

V’

yesterday

AdvP

Agent

Temporal

Patient

I

t


NP

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

did

Interaction with LF:

t

t

chain (PPk , tk )

chain (NPi ‘the president’, ti)

chain (did j, t j)

t j

did j NPi

the

president

ti

PPk

for what

tk

[+interr]

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3. Maria was given the book yesterday by John.

John gave the book to Maria yesterday.

*Maria was given the book to yesterday.

John gave Maria the book yesterday.Maria was given the book yesterday.

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VP

I’

IP

D-structure

yesterday

AdvPAgent

Temporal

Bene

I

was

Maria

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]

The first NP argument of the verb to spec-IP (+EPP )

iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

the book

NP

[+Passive participle]

Theme

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VP

I’

IP

D-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Bene

I

was

Maria

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]


iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

the book

NP


ThemeAgent

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VP

I’

IP

Movement

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Bene

I

was

Maria

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]


iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

the book

NP


Theme

Maria

NP

Agent

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VP

I’

IP

S-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Agent

Temporal

Bene

I

was

Maria

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]

iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

the book

NP


Theme

Interaction with PF: deletion of the


t

Agent

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VP

I’

IP

S-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Agent

Temporal

Bene

I

was

Maria

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]

iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

the book

NP


Theme

t


chain (NPi ‘Maria’, ti)

Maria

NPi

ti

Agent

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4. The book was given to Maria yesterday by John.

John gave the book to Maria yesterday.

The book was given to Maria yesterday.

John gave Maria the book yesterday.*The book was given Maria yesterday.

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VP

I’

IP

D-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Theme

I

was

the book

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]


iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

to Maria

PP


BeneAgent

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VP

I’

IP

D-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Theme

I

was

the book

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

What has to move:

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]


iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

to Maria

PP


BeneAgent

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VP

I’

IP

Movement

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Theme

I

was

the book

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]


iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

to Maria

NP


Bene

the book

NP

Agent

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VP

I’

IP

S-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Theme

I

was

the book

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]

iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

to Maria

PP


Bene

Interaction with PF: deletion of the


t

Agent

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VP

I’

IP

S-structure

yesterday

AdvP

Temporal

Theme

I

was

the book

NP

P’

NP

John

P

by

PP

[+Past tense

+Agr.3rd sg

+EPP]

iven

V

V’

V’

V’

V’

to Maria

PP


Bene

t


chain (NPi ‘the book’, ti)

the book

NPi

ti

Agent

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Given the D-structure, draw the S-structure diagram of the following

sentence:

5. What did that girl (that) George met yesterday do?

CPD t t

--Subject movement

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Agent

C

C’

CP

do

V

NP

VP

I’

IP

D-structure

Agent

Temporal

Patient

did[+Past tense+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

N’

N

D

that

girl

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.

+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George AdvP

yesterday

V’

NPthat irl

V

(that)

V’

NP

what

Theme

Subject movement

--interrogative head-to-head movement

--wh-movement

I

Relative clause= the head noun is co-referential

with an argument in its clausal post-modifier

[+interr]

met

CPM

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C

C’

CP

do

V

VPI’

IP

Movement

did V’

NP

what

Theme

I

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

[+interr]

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

that girl

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

girl

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George

yesterday

V’

NPV

(that)

met

CPM

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C

C’

CP

do

V

VPI’

IP

Movement

did V’

NP

what

Theme

I

did

NP

what

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

that girl

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

girl

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George

yesterday

V’

NPV

(that) NP

George

met

[+interr]

CP

I t ti ith PF d LF

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C

C’

CP

do

V

VPI’

IP

did V’ Theme

I

did

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

that girl

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

girl

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George

yesterday

V’

NPV

(that) NP

George

met

NPi

what

ti

Interaction with PF and LF

[+interr]

CP

I t ti ith PF d LF

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C

C’

CP

do

V

VPI’

IP

V’ Theme

I

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

that girl

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

girl

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George

yesterday

V’

NPV

(that) NP

George

met

NPi

what

ti t j

did j


[+interr]

CP

I t ti ith PF d LF

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C

C’

CP

do

V

VPI’

IP

V’ Theme

I

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

NP

George

yesterday

V’

V

(that) NP

George

met

NPi

what

ti t j

did j

girl p

t p


[+interr]

CP

I t ti ith PF d LF

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C

C’

do

V

VPI’

IP

V’ Theme

I

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

met

yesterday

V’

V

(that)

met

NPi

what

ti t j

did j

girl p

t p

tm

NPm

George


[+interr]

CPInteraction ith PF and LF

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C

C’

do

V

VPI’

IP


V’ Theme

I

NP

that girl

(that) George

met yesterday

Agent

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

NP

Agent

Patient

N’

N

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

yesterday

V’

V

(that)

NPi

what

ti t j

did j

girl p

t p

tm

NPm

George

tn

metn

[+interr]

CPS structure

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C

C’

do

V

VPI’

IP

S-structure

V’ Theme

I

t j

did j

Temporal

D

that

AdvP

Agent

NPk

Agent

Patient

N’

N

girl p

C

C’

CP

IP

I

[+Past tense

+Abstract agr.+EPP]

I’

VP

V’

tn

tm

yesterday

V’

V

(that) NPm

George

metn

NPi

what

ti tk

t p

[+interr]

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Fill up the S-structure diagrams of the following sentences:

6. Whose car did George drive?

7. Why did George ask when he should leave?

8. Where were the Saxons defeated by the Normans?

CP

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6. Whose car did George drive?

drive

V

VP

I’

IP S-StructureC

C’

CP

V’ Agent

Theme

I

[+Past tense

+ Agr. 3rd sg

+EPP]

t j

did j NPi

George

ti

tk

NPk

N’

N

car

NP

whose[+interr]

7 Wh did G k h h h ld l ?CP

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Purpose/ Reason

Temporal

Agent

Agent

Theme

7. Why did George ask when he should leave?CP

C’

C IP

I’

I VP

V’

VCP

C’

C IP

I’

I VP

V’

V

leave

tm

AdvPm

when

should

NPn

he

tn

ask

V’

NPk

George

tk

ti

AdvPi

why

t j

did j [+interr]

[+subcl]

CP 8. Where were the Saxons defeated by the Normans?

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defeated

V

VP

I’

IP S-StructureC

C’

V’

V’

P’

P

by

Agent

Location

Patient

I

PP

[+Past tense

+ Agr. 3rd pl

+EPP]

t j

were j NPi

the

Saxons

ti

AdvPk

where

tk

[+passive participle]

V’

the Normans

NP

y

[+interr]

Further practice

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Using the X-bar model, draw the tree diagram of the following sentences:

(S-structure)

Further practice

9. Who(m) did George see at the station when Peter arrived?

10. The bridge was skied under by the contestants.

11. Which dress does Ann like best?

12. George lost the book with blue covers.

12’. George lost the book whose covers are blue.

seminar 3 (1)

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