semi-oblivious traffic engineering - cornell universitypraveenk/talks/2018-04-smore... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering: The Road Not Taken
Praveen Kumar (Cornell) Yang Yuan (Cornell)
Chris Yu (CMU) Nate Foster (Cornell)
Robert Kleinberg (Cornell) Petr Lapukhov (Facebook) Chiun Lin Lim (Facebook) Robert Soule (USI Lugano)
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WAN Traffic Engineering
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WAN Traffic EngineeringObjectives Challenges
Gbps
Performance Robustness
Latency Operational simplicity
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WAN Traffic EngineeringObjectives Challenges
Gbps
Performance Robustness
Latency Operational simplicity
Unstructured topology
Unexpected failures
Misprediction & Traffic Bursts
Heterogeneous capacity
Update overheads
Device limitations
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TE ApproachesTraditional Distributed
SDN-Based Centralized
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TE ApproachesTraditional Distributed
SDN-Based Centralized
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TE ApproachesTraditional Distributed
SDN-Based Centralized
Optimal TE?(MCF)
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Operational Cost of OptimalitySolver Time
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Operational Cost of OptimalityPath Churn
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Towards a Practical ModelTopology
(+ demands)
Path Selection
Rate Adaptation
Paths
Splitting Ratio
Demands
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Towards a Practical ModelTopology
(+ demands)
Path Selection
Rate Adaptation
Paths
Splitting Ratio
Demands
Computing and updating
paths is typically expensive and
slow.
But updating splitting ratios is cheap and fast!
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Towards a Practical ModelTopology
(+ demands)
Path Selection
Rate Adaptation
Paths
Splitting Ratio
Demands
Computing and updating
paths is typically expensive and
slow.
But updating splitting ratios is cheap and fast!
Static
Dynamic
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Path Selection Challenges
• Selecting a good set of paths is tricky!
• Route the demands (ideally, with competitive latency)
• React to changes in demands (diurnal changes, traffic bursts, etc.)
• Be robust under mis-prediction of demands
• Have sufficient extra capacity to route demands in presence of failures
• …
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ApproachA static set of cleverly-constructed paths can
provide near-optimal performance and robustness!
Desired path properties:
• Low stretch for minimizing latency
• High diversity for ensuring robustness
• Good load balancing for performance • Capacity aware
• Globally optimized{
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Path Properties: Capacity Aware
• Traditional approaches to routing based on shortest paths (e.g., ECMP, KSP) are generally not capacity aware
C
B
A
G E
F
D
100 Gbps10 Gbps
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Path Properties: Capacity Aware
• Traditional approaches to routing based on shortest paths (e.g., ECMP, KSP) are generally not capacity aware
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
C
B
100 Gbps10 Gbps
❌
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Path Properties: Globally OptimalOther approaches based on greedy algorithms are
capacity aware, but are still not globally optimal
C
B
A
G E
F
D
Globally optimalCSPF
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Path Properties: Globally OptimalOther approaches based on greedy algorithms are
capacity aware, but are still not globally optimal
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
Globally optimalCSPF
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Path Properties: Globally OptimalOther approaches based on greedy algorithms are
capacity aware, but are still not globally optimal
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
B
Globally optimalCSPF
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Path Properties: Globally OptimalOther approaches based on greedy algorithms are
capacity aware, but are still not globally optimal
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
C
B
Globally optimalCSPF
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Path Properties: Globally OptimalOther approaches based on greedy algorithms are
capacity aware, but are still not globally optimal
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
C
B
C
B
A
G E
F
DA
C
B
Globally optimalCSPF
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Path Selection
AlgorithmLoad balanced
Diverse Low-stretchCapacity aware
Globally Optimized
SPF / ECMP ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔
CSPF ✔ ❌ ❌ ✔
k-shortest paths ❌ ❌ ? ✔
Edge-disjoint KSP ❌ ❌ ✔ ✔
MCF ✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
VLB ❌ ❌ ✔ ❌
B4 ✔ ✔ ❌ ?
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Path Selection
AlgorithmLoad balanced
Diverse Low-stretchCapacity aware
Globally Optimized
SPF / ECMP ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔
CSPF ✔ ❌ ❌ ✔
k-shortest paths ❌ ❌ ? ✔
Edge-disjoint KSP ❌ ❌ ✔ ✔
MCF ✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
VLB ❌ ❌ ✔ ❌
B4 ✔ ✔ ❌ ?
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Path Selection
AlgorithmLoad balanced
Diverse Low-stretchCapacity aware
Globally Optimized
SPF / ECMP ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔
CSPF ✔ ❌ ❌ ✔
k-shortest paths ❌ ❌ ? ✔
Edge-disjoint KSP ❌ ❌ ✔ ✔
MCF ✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
VLB ❌ ❌ ✔ ❌
B4 ✔ ✔ ❌ ?
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Path Selection
AlgorithmLoad balanced
Diverse Low-stretchCapacity aware
Globally Optimized
SPF / ECMP ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔
CSPF ✔ ❌ ❌ ✔
k-shortest paths ❌ ❌ ? ✔
Edge-disjoint KSP ❌ ❌ ✔ ✔
MCF ✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
VLB ❌ ❌ ✔ ❌
B4 ✔ ✔ ❌ ?
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Oblivious Routing
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VLB
• Route through random intermediate node
• Works well for mesh topologies
• WANs are not mesh-like
• Good resilience
• Poor performance & latency
Mesh
3
21
…
N
4
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VLB
• Route through random intermediate node
• Works well for mesh topologies
• WANs are not mesh-like
• Good resilience
• Poor performance & latency
Mesh
3
21
…
N
4
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Not Mesh
VLB
• Route through random intermediate node
• Works well for mesh topologies
• WANs are not mesh-like
• Good resilience
• Poor performance & latency
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Not Mesh
VLB
• Route through random intermediate node
• Works well for mesh topologies
• WANs are not mesh-like
• Good resilience
• Poor performance & latency
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Oblivious [Räcke ‘08]
• Generalizes VLB to non-mesh
• Distribution over routing trees
• Approximation algorithm for low-stretch trees [FRT ’04]
• Penalize links based on usage
• O(log n) competitive
Not Mesh
Low-stretch routing trees
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Oblivious [Räcke ‘08]
• Generalizes VLB to non-mesh
• Distribution over routing trees
• Approximation algorithm for low-stretch trees [FRT ’04]
• Penalize links based on usage
• O(log n) competitive
Not Mesh
Low-stretch routing trees
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Path Selection
AlgorithmLoad balanced
Diverse Low-stretchCapacity aware
Globally Optimized
SPF / ECMP ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔
CSPF ✔ ❌ ❌ ✔
k-shortest paths ❌ ❌ ? ✔
Edge-disjoint KSP ❌ ❌ ✔ ✔
MCF ✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
VLB ❌ ❌ ✔ ❌
B4 ✔ ✔ ❌ ?
SMORE / Oblivious ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
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SMORE: Semi-Oblivious Routing
Oblivious Routing computes a set of paths which are low-stretch, robust and have good load balancing properties
LP Optimizer balances load by dynamically adjusting splitting ratios used to map incoming traffic flows to paths
Path Selection
Rate Adaptation
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Semi-Oblivious Routing in Practice?
• ▼ Previous work [Hajiaghayi et al.] established a worst-case competitive ratio that is not much better than oblivious routing: Ω(log(n)/log (log(n)))
• But the real-world does not typically exhibit worst-case scenarios
• e.g., there is an correlation between demands and link capacities as network designs evolve
• Question: How well does semi-oblivious routing perform in practice?
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Evaluation
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Facebook’s WAN• Overview
• Common network design for content providers
• Several large data centers (DCs) and points-of-presence (PoPs)
• Mix of latency-sensitive customer traffic + background elastic traffic
• Method
• Collected accurate snapshot of network state - topology, TMs, etc.
• Simulations to study performance characteristics
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TE Systems - Comparison
• OSPF
• ECMP
• CSPF
• MCF
• Omniscient MCF (“Optimal”)
• …
• Oblivious [STOC ’08]
• VLB [INFOCOM ‘08]
• Robust MCF [SIGMETRICS ‘11]
• KSP + MCF [SIGCOMM ’13]
• FFC* [SIGCOMM ’15]
• …
Traditional Contemporary
Open-source implementations at http://github.com/cornell-netlab/yates
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Performance
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Robustness
Path budget = 4
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Operational Constraints - Path Budget
4-8xOptimal
SMOREMCF KSP+MCFR-MCF
![Page 42: Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering - Cornell Universitypraveenk/talks/2018-04-SMORE... · 2018-04-10 · Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering: The Road Not Taken Praveen Kumar (Cornell)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050203/5f567004e8385008247539f5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Large Scale Simulations
• Conducted larger set of simulations on Internet Topology Zoo
• 30 topologies from ISPs and content providers
• Multiple traffic matrices (gravity model), failure models and operational conditions
![Page 43: Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering - Cornell Universitypraveenk/talks/2018-04-SMORE... · 2018-04-10 · Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering: The Road Not Taken Praveen Kumar (Cornell)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050203/5f567004e8385008247539f5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Do these results generalize?Yes*
Probability of achieving SLA
Throughput
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Takeaways• Path selection plays an outsized role in the performance of TE systems
• Semi-oblivious TE meets the competing objectives of performance and robustness in modern networks
• Oblivious routing for path selection + Dynamic load-balancing
• Ongoing and future-work:
• Apply to other networks (e.g. non-Clos DC topologies)
• SR-based implementations and deployments
![Page 45: Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering - Cornell Universitypraveenk/talks/2018-04-SMORE... · 2018-04-10 · Semi-Oblivious Traffic Engineering: The Road Not Taken Praveen Kumar (Cornell)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050203/5f567004e8385008247539f5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Thank You!
Bobby Kleinberg Cornell
Robert Soule Lugano
Nate Foster Cornell
Petr Lapukhov Facebook
Chiun Lin Lim Facebook
Chris Yu CMU
Yang Yuan Cornell
https://github.com/cornell-netlab/yates
SMORE: Oblivious routing + Dynamic rate adaptation