SEMESTER VIII

FSC401 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Produce (2 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge onpost harvest technology, post harvestmanagement and post in

horticultural crops.

Theory

Unit 1 Principles of postharvest technology

Importance and scope of postharvest technology in horticultural crops – edible parts of

horticultural produce – composition of fruits and vegetables – pre and post harvest factors

influencing postharvest life – pre-harvest treatments to enhance the shelf life.post harvest

treatments on post harvest life of horticultural produce - waxing, degreening, hot water

treatment, vapour heat treatment, irradiation, astringency removal. harvest indices - harvesting

methods – manual and mechanical harvesting.

Unit II Cooling, packing and pack house operations

Pre-cooling – cooling methods – curing - cold chain – pack house operations – cleaning,

washing, disinfection, sorting, grading - machineries used in pack house operations - ripening –

methods - regulation of ripening. role of ethylene in postharvest technology of fruits, vegetables

and flowers – physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening of fruits and

vegetables

Unit III Packaging and storage

Packaging - types of containers and cushioning materials - packaging methods – map.

methods of storage– low cost and high cost storage technologies - refrigerated storage – cold

storage - controlled atmosphere (C.A.) storage.Compatibility of horticultural produce for

storage - pre-storage treatments.Physiological changes in fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices and

plantation crops during storage.

Unit IV Transport, postharvest disorders, pest and disease management

Modes of transportation – constraints - transit hazards- postharvest disorders, pest and

diseases and their management in major horticultural crops.

Unit V Export andfood safety

WTO guidelines for export of horticultural produces – CODEX standards and export

standards for major fruits, vegetables and cut flowers. Food safety practices – HACCP.

Practical

Assessment of harvest indices and methods of harvest in fruits, vegetables and flowers

– pre-harvest treatments in flowers to enhance the postharvest life - assessment of physical,

physiological and biochemical changes during ripening of fruits – determination of

physiological loss in weight and quality in horticultural produce - sorting, grading and washing

of horticultural produce – postharvest treatments in fruits and vegetables to enhance the

postharvest life – packaging of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, dry flowers and medicinal plants

using different packing materials – vase life of cut flowers - waxing - methods of storage –

drying technology of medicinal plants – postharvest disorders in horticultural produce.

Identification of storage pests and diseases in horticultural produce - visit to cold storage,

processing units and markets.

Lecture schedule

1. Importance of postharvest technology for fruits and vegetables.

2. Importance of postharvest technology for spices, plantation crops and cut flowers.

3. Edible parts of horticultural produce

4. Composition of fruits and vegetables

5. Pre and post harvest factors influencing post harvest life of horticultural produce.

6. Harvest indices for fruit and vegetable crops

7. Harvesting methods

8. Harvesting, handling and grading of fruits.

9. Harvesting, handling and grading of vegetables.

10. Harvesting, handling and grading of spices and plantation crops.

11. Harvesting, handling and grading of cut flowers.

12. Pre cooling, methods of cooling and cold chain.

13. Pack house operations and machineries used in pack house operations.

14. Methods and regulation of ripening

15. Role of ethylene in post harvest technology of fruits, vegetables and flowers.

16. Hastening and delaying ripening.

17. Mid semester examination

18. Physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening and storage of fruits

and vegetables.

19. Physiological changes in spices and plantation crops during storage.

20. Physiological changes in cut flowers during storage.

21. Types of packaging materials.

22. Types of cushioning materials.

23. Preparation for market, pre–cooling, cooling, storage.

24. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for fruits and vegetables.

25. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for plantation crops and spices.

26. Packaging technology for export by air, road and sea for cut flowers.

27. Methods of storage of horticultural produce.

28. Methods of storage – Low and high cost storage technologies.

29. Methods of storage for local and distant markets.

30. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management and

thrust areas - fruit and vegetables.

31. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management and

thrust areas - flowers

32. Postharvest pests, diseases and disorders, constraints in postharvest management and

thrust areas - spices and plantation crops

33. WTO guidelines for export of horticultural produce -

34. Export standards for major fruits and vegetables - food safety practices

Practical

1. Assessment of harvestindices and methods of harvest in fruits and vegetables.

2. Pre-harvest treatments to enhance the postharvest life in horticultural produce.

3. Assessment of physical, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening of

fruits.

4. Determination of physiological loss in weight and quality of horticultural produce.

5. Sorting, grading and washing of horticultural produce

6. Postharvest treatments enhance the postharvest life in horticultural produce.

7. Packaging of fruits and vegetables using different packing materials

8. Packaging of cut flowers and dry flowers using different packing materials

9. Vase life of cut flowers

10. Packaging of medicinal and aromatic plants using different packing materials

11. Waxing

12. Methods of storage

13. Drying technology of horticultural produce.

14. Postharvest disorders in fruits and vegetables.

15. Identification of storage pest and diseases in horticultural produces.

16. Visit to cold storage, processing units and markets.

17. Practical examination.

REFERENCES

Text Books

1. Chadha, K .L. and O. P. Pareek, 1996. Advances in horticulture. Malhotra Publishers,

New Delhi.

2. Haid, N.F. and S.K. Salakahe.1997. Post harvest physiology and hardening of fruits and

vegetables. Greada Publication, London.

3. Jacob John, P., 2008. A Handbook on postharvest management of fruits and

vegetables.Daya publishing House, Delhi.

Further reading

1. Joseph, J. Jen. 1989. Quality factors of fruits and vegetables. Chemistry and technology

1989. American Chemical Society, Washington.

2. MridulaMirajkar and SreelataMenon. 2002. Food Science and processing technology.

Vol. 2 Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi

3. MridulaMirajkar and SreelataMenon. 2002. Food Science and processing technology

vol. 1, Biochemistry of food and nutrition. Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi

4. Pandey, P. H. 1997. Post harvest technology of fruits and vegetables 1997. Technical

publishers of India, Allahabad.

5. Pandey, P. H. 1998. Principles and practices of post harvest technology. Kalyani

Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Ranganna, S. 1997. Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetables

products, Tata, McGraw – Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

7. Salunkhe, D. K., N. R. Bhatt, B. B. Desai. 1990. Post harvest biotechnology of flowers and

ornamental plants, Nayaprakash, Calcutta – 700 006.

8. Saraswathy, S., T.L.Preethi, S.Balasubramanyan, J.Suresh, N.Revathy and S.Natarajan.

2007. Postharvest management of Horticultural Crops. Agrobios Publishers, Jodhpur.

Journals

1. Punjab Horticultual journal.

2. Indian Food Packer

3. Journalof vegetable crop production

4. Journalof American Social of Horticultural Sciences

5. Acta Horticulture

6. Floriculture today

Web resources

1. http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Fruit/mango.shtml

2. http://www.horticultureworld.net/hort-india

3. http://www.india.exports.com

4. http://www.sus-veg-thai.de/

5. http://www.iari.res.in

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

EXP 301 Commercial Nursery Technology of Fruit Crops (0 + 3)

Aim

To impart skill oriented practical knowledge on commercial nursery techniques of fruit

plants through experiential learning.

Activities

Preparation of nursery beds - Protray culture – Potting techniques - raising root stocks -

propagation structures - Seed propagation techniques - Apomixis – Polyembryony - types of

cuttings - methods of layering – methods of grafting and budding - selection criteria of root

stock and scion - Stock –scion relationship - Bud wood selection and budwood certification -

Project preparation - establishment of commercial fruit plant nurseries. establishment of plant

tissue culture laboratory - media preparation – micro-propagation techniques in Banana and

Papaya - Hardening techniques - Project preparation for establishment of plant tissue culture

laboratory.

Deliverables

Students who complete this course will gain practical knowledge and hands on

experience in the all the aspects of nursery production and micro-propagation of fruit plants.

References

1. Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies and R.L. Greneve. 2006 Plant Propagation.

Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Bose T.K.S.K. Mitra, M.K. Sadhu, B. Mitra., 2001 Propagation of tropical and subtropical

horticultural crops, Naya Prakash 206, Bidhan Sarani, Calcutta, Six. India.

3. Parthasarathy, V. A. 2001. Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops vol. I, II & III.

Nayaprakash, Calcutta.

4. Purohit, S. S. 1998. Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications II Edition; Agro

Botanica Bikaner, India

Web resource

1. http://www.horticulture/propagation.com 2. http://www.fruitcrops.propagation.com 3. http://www.micropropagation/propagationtechniques.com 4. http://www.biotech/tissue culture techniques.com 5. http://www.Agriculture-Horticulture/biotechnology.com 6. http://www.Biotech/horticultureal crops.com

EXP 301 Bio-Inoculants Production Technology (0 + 3)

Aim

Understanding the principles of production of bioinoculant technology; to update the

knowledge on the bioinoculants technology with current scenario and to impart

entrepreneurialship to the undergraduate students.

Activities

Production of various nitrogenous bioinoculants (Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter

and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus; Azolla & BGA), phosphatic bioinoculants (AM fungi and

phosphate solublizers), PPFM, PGPR, zinc solublizers, silicate solubilizers / potash releasers

and sulphur oxidizers - Commercial bioinoculants production viz., BIS/ FCO standards for

quality testing of various bioinoculants and application - Establishment of bioinoculants

production unit; facilities and equipments required for laboratory scale, pilot scale and large

scale, marketing of products and project preparation for establishing bioinoculants production

unit

Deliverables

To understand and to have practical knowledge on various techniques related to

bioinoculants production and application.

To build confidence on planning entrepreneurial tasks for bioinoculants production.

References

1. Motsara MR, Bhattacharyya P and Beena Srivatsava (2004) Biofertiliser Technology,

Marketing and Usage – A source book- Cum –Glossary.

2. Subba Rao NS (2006) Soil Microbiology (4th Edition). Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.

3. Deaker R, Kecskés ML, Rose MT, Khanok-on A, Ganisan K, Tran Thi Kim Cuc, Vu Thuy

Nga, Phan Thi Cong, Nguyen Thanh Hien and Kennedy IR(2011) Practical methods for the

quality control of inoculant biofertilisers. ACIAR Monograph No.147. Australian Centre for

International Agricultural Research: Canberra. 101 pp.

4. Deshmukh AM, Khobragade RM, Dixit Jaipur PP (2007) Handbook of Biofertilizers and

Biopesticides. Oxford Book Company, xviii, p. 308.

5. NIIR (2012) The Complete Technology Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming (2nd

Revised Edition). NIIR Project Consultancy Services, New Delhi. P. 608.

6. Rai MK (2006) Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers. Food Products Press. New York. P.

543.

7. Trivedi PC (2008) Biofertilizers. Pointer Publications, New Delhi. P.374.

Web Resources:

1. agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/agrilore/.../Concepts%20of%20biofertilizers_0.p...‎

2. gricoop.nic.in/Zconference11/DAC%20BIOFERTILISER.ppt‎

3. FNCA (2006) Biofertilizer Manual. Japan Atomic Industrial Forum. P. 135.

4. ncof.dacnet.nic.in/Training_manuals/...in.../BF_and_OF_in_FCO.pdf‎

5. gricoop.nic.in/seed/Fertiliser241209.pdf‎

EXP 301 Protected Cultivation of Cut Flowers (0 + 3)

Aim

Understanding the principles, theoretical aspects and developing skills in protected

cultivation of cut flower.

Activities

Types of protected structures – Greenhouses, poly houses, shade houses, rain shelters

etc., Designing and erection of protected structures; Low cost/Medium cost/High cost

structures – economics of cultivation; Location specific designs; Containers and substrates,

Structural components; Suitable flower crops for protected cultivation (Rose, orchid, anthurium,

heliconia and chrysanthemum), water and nutrient management, weed management,

physiological disorders, IPM and IDM. Harvest indices, harvesting techniques, post-harvest

handling techniques, Pre cooling, sorting, grading, packing, storage, quality standards and

marketing calculation of cost economics including project preparation.

Deliverables

Students will be able to design profitable location specific protected structures complete

with all necessary attachments and provide technical consultancy and employment in all

aspects of protected floriculture.

References

1. Bhattacharjee SK. 2006. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture. Vols. I-VI. Pointer Publ. 2. Bose TK & Yadav LP. 1989. Commercial Flowers. Naya Prokash. 3. Bose TK, Maiti RG, Dhua RS & Das P. 1999. Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya Prokash. 4. Chadha KL. 1995. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. XII. Malhotra Publ. House. Lauria A &

Victor HR. 2001. Floriculture – Fundamentals and PracticesAgrobios. 5. Nelson PV. 1978. Green House Operation and Management. Reston Publ.Co. 6. Prasad S & Kumar U. 2003. Commercial Floriculture. Agrobios 7. Randhawa GS & Mukhopadhyay A. 1986. Floriculture in India. Allied Publ. 8. Reddy S, Janakiram B, Balaji T, Kulkarni S & Misra RL. 2007. Hightech Floriculture. Indian

Society of Ornamental Horticulture, New Delhi. Journals

1. Hort. Science 2. Horticultural Technology 3. Floriculture Today 4. Hi-tech Horticulture

Web Resources:

1. www.icar.org.in/ciphet.html 2. www.jains.com 3. www.gisdevelopment.net 4. www.lasercladding.com 5. www.epa.gov

EXP 301 Commercial Landscaping and Dry Flower production (0 + 3)

Aim

To enable students to gain hands experience in landscape designing and dry

flower production and to develop entrepreneurial skills and confidence among students

to develop their awn industry.

Activities

Planning and designing different types of location specific gardens e.g.

home garden, institutional^gar-den, public garden, corporate-and factory garden

including preparing cost estimates and execution.

Interiors aping Collection and drying of planting materials using appropriate

techniques, bleaching dyeing,preservation, fumigation and storage of dry flowers along

with preparation of products like bouquet,wall hangers, wreath, Potpourri etc.,and

marketing of the produce.

Deliverables:

Students will be able to develop their own industries and also attend

landscaping jobs with zeal and enthusiasm and confidence independently.

References & Text Books

1. Alex Laurie and Victor H.Ries, 2004. Floriculture Fundamentals and Practices, Agrobios, India

2. Auto CAD. 2004. A problem solving approach, Tickoo, ISBN 1-4018-51339

3. Bhattacharjee, S.K., 2004. Landscape gardening and design-with plants. Aav'ishkar Publishers and

Distributors, Jaipur, India.

4. Chadha,K.L, 2001. Handbook of horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi

5. Nambisan, K.M.P., 1995. Elementary principles of landscaping. Oxford IBH Co.Ltd., New Delhi

6. Raj Edwin Biles, 2003. The complete book of gardening, biotech books, Delhi.

7. BoseT.K, B. Chowdhury and S.P. Sharma 2001. Tropical garden plants in colour.

Horticulture and Allied Publishers, Kolkata

8. Burrough, P and R. McDonnell. 1998-. Principles of geographical information systems.

9. Oxford series on spatial information systems and geo statistics, Oxford University press,

Oxford.

10. Ervin, S. and H.Hasbrouck.2001. Landscape modeling: Digital techniques for landscape

visualization. New York: McGraw-Hill

11. Gary. L. McDaniel. 1989. Floral design and arrangement. A Reston Book. Prentice hall. New

Jersey.

12. Gopalasamy lyengar. 1990. Complete gardening in India. IBH. Bangalore

13. McCarty, L.B.2005. Best Golf Course Management Practices. 2nd Edition. Pearson

PrenticeHall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

14. Paul Lesniewicz., 1994. Bonsai in your home. Sterling publishing Co, New York

15. Peter McHoy. 1997. The A-Z guide to house plants, Marshall-cavendish publishers, Italy

16. Randhawa, G.S. and A. Mukhopadyay. 1998. Floriculture in India. Allied publishers

Limited, New Delhi

17. Reader's Digest Success with House Plants, 1979. The Reader's Digest Assoaatien, Inc.

Pleasantvilli, New York / Montreal.

18. Root James, B., 1985. Fundamentals of landscaping and site planning, The Avi, Publishing

company, Inc., Connecticut, USA

19. Trivedi, P.P. 1983. Home Gardening. Statesman Press, New Delhi.

20. William Davidson, 1989, Successful Indoor gardening - Exotic Flowering House Plants,

Salamander Book, London / New York.

Web resources

1. www.bestgarden.net

2. www.centralfloridagarden.blogspot.com

3. www.intuxford.tripod.com

4. www.lawngrasses.com

5. wwwspieFsonahpsu.edu

6. 5.www.sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses

EXP 301 Commercial Production of Value Added Products In Fruits and Vegetables (0 + 3)

Aim

To enable students to gain hands on experience in commercial production of value

added products and to train the students in establishing a commercial processing unit.

Activities:

General considerations in establishment of a commercial fruit and vegetable processing

unit – Equipments used in commercial food processing unit – Preservation by heat – canning

Preservation by salt – pickles, chutneys, sauces - Preservation by sugar – Jam, Jelly, Marmalade

– Intermediate moisture processed food – candies, fruit toffee, fruit bar – Methods of

dehydration – sun drying, mechanical drying, osmotic drying. Concentration – Juice, Pulp -

Value added products from fermentation – Lactic acid fermentation, fruit wines. Low

temperature preservation – Refrigeration - freezing. Waste management and value added

products – pectin extraction – Guava cheese, orange peel candies. Visit to commercial

processing units – Project preparation and working out cost economics

Deliverables:

Students who complete this course will gain enough confidence and technical skills to

establish a commercial processing unit. References

1. Giridharilal, Siddappa, G.S. and Tondon, G.L. 1986. Presentation of Fruits and

Vegetables. Publications and Information Division, Indian Council of Agricultural

Research, New Delhi.

2. Desrosier,N.W. and Desrosier,J.N. 1987. The technology of food preservation. CBS

publishers and distributors, New Delhi.

3. Cruess, W.V. 1997. Commercial fruit and vegetables products, Agro Botanica, Bikaner,

Rajasthan.

4. Srivastava, R.P. and Sanjeev Kumar. 1998. Fruits and Vegetable preservation principles

and practices. International Book distributing Co. Chaman studio building 2nd floor,

Charbagh Lucknow, UP.

5. Vennila, P. and S.Kanchana. 2003. Principles and preservation of fruits and vegetables.

Ratna Publications, Madurai.

6. Vijay sethi, shruti sethi, B.C. Deka and Y.R Meena, 2005. Processing of fruits and

vegetables for value addition. Indus Publishing Company

Web resources:

1. http://www.fao.org/DOCKEP/005 Y4358E/Y4358e04.htm

2. http://home.att.net/~africantech/GhIE/QPLFood.htm

EXP 301 Commercial Mushroom Production (0 + 3)

Aim

To enable students to gain experience in mushroom cultivation and to train them in

establishing mushrooms unit.

Activities:

Mushroom morphology – identification of edible and poisonous mushroom –

equipments used in mushroom spawn laboratory – sterilization techniques – preparation of

culture media – tissue culture – isolation of edible mushroom from the sporophores - pure

culture techniques- single spore and multispore isolation - mother spawn and bed spawn

preparation- oyster mushroom cultivation – substrate preparation, bed preparation, cropping

room maintenance, harvest – visit to commercial unit – Identification of pest, disease and

nematode of mushroom and their management – post harvest preservation – drying, canning

and value addition – mushroom recipes – coir pith composting – mushroom farm layout, cost

analysis and project preparation.

Deliverables:

Students can gain confidence and technical skills to establish a mushroom unit after

completing this course.

References:

1. Peter Oei. 2000. Mushroom cultivation, III Edn. Backhuyes publishers, USA.

2. Tripathi., D.P.2005. Mushroom cultivation – Oxford and IBH publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd.,

New Delhi.

3. Krishnamoorthy, A.S., Marimuthu, T. and Nakkeran, S. 2005. Mushroom Biotechnology.

TNAU Press, Coimbatore, India.

4. Marimuthu, T., Krishnamoorthy, A.G., Sivaprakasam, K. and Jeyarajan, R. 1989. Oyster

mushroom production, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

5. Chadha K.L. and Sharma J.R. 1995. Advances in Horticulture – Mushroom Vol. 13.

Melhotra Publishing House, New Delhi.

Journals

1. Mushroom Journal

2. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

3. The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation

4. The Mushroom Culture

Web resource:

1. www.nrcm.org.in

2. www.worldmushroom.com

3. www.indiaagronet.com

4. www.icargoa.res.in

5. www.ficciagroindia.com

EXP 401 Hybrid Seed Production In Vegetable Crops (0 + 3)

Aim

To impart hands on training to undergraduate students on hybrid seed production of

vegetable crops and to train the students to enter in seed business. To impart knowledge on

seed certification, testing, storage and marketing to produce quality hybrid seeds

Activities

Plan for production of TNAU released hybrids – Registration as seed grower –

practicing seed certification procedures by raising parental lines – practicing hybridization

techniques – rouging off types – harvest – threshing / extraction – seed drying – seed

processing – seed treatment – packing – storage – economics of hybrid seed production (cost

benefit ratio) visit to seed processing unit / seed testing lab – visit to private seed industry –

seed marketing – project preparation.

Deliverables:

Students who complete this course will gain enough confidence to establish seed

industry as a successful business venture

References

1. Vanangamudi, K. et al., 2010. Vegetable hybrid seed production and management, Agro

bios (India), Jodhpur.

2. Sumesh Chandra Gaur, 2013. A hand book of seed processing and marketing Agrobios

(India), Jodhpur

3. Raymond A.T. George, 1985. Vegetable seed production. Longman and London, New

York.

4. Udai R. Bishnoi and R.P.S. Kharb, 2012. Fundamentals of seed production and testing,

Oxford book company, Jaipur.

5. Kulkarni, G.N. 2011. Principles of seed technology, Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana, New

Delhi

6. Singh, N, and Vishal Nath, 2011. Varieteis and hybrids of vegetables, Satish serial

publishing house, Dehli.

7. Verma, T. S. and S. C. Sharma, 2000. Producing Seeds of Biennial Vegetables in

Temperate Regions. ICAR, New Delhi.

8. Arya. P.S. 1999. Vegetable seed production in hills. M.D. Publication Pvt. Ltd, New

Delhi

Journals

1. Asian seed and planting material

2. Seed Research

3. Journal of Asian Horticulture

4. Indian Horticulture

5. Agriculture and industry survey

6. Seed Science and Technology

7. Journal of Seed Science Research

Web References

1. www.dare.gov.in

2. http:sfci.nic.in

3. www.iar.org.in/Directorate1.htm

4. www.apsa.org

5. www.seedassociationofindia.com

6. www.apaseed.com

7. www.apaseed.org

EXP 401 Commercial Plant Tissue Culture (0 + 3)

Aim

To enable students to gain hands-on-experience in commercial micro-propagation and

to train the students in establishing a commercial plant tissue culture unit

Activities:

Design for a commercial tissue culture laboratory - Stock solutions and medium

preparation-liquid and semi solid - Surface sterilization of different explants- Stage 1-Aseptic

culture establishment - Stage 2-Multiple shoot induction and sub culturing for further

multiplication Stage 3-Shoot elongation and Rooting of micro-shoots –in vivo and in vitro-

Stage4- Hardening and field establishment of micropropagated plants - Visit to commercial

Units - Project preparation – Banana/ Bamboo /Rose / Chrysanthemum /Gerbera/ Orchids/

medicinal plants

Deliverables:

Students who complete this course will gain enough confidence and technical skills to

establish a plant tissue culture unit

References

1. Razdan, M.K. 2003. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Enfield: Science Publishers Inc.

USA

2. Dixon, R. A. 2003. Plant Cell Culture – A Practical Approach, IRL Press. Oxford. London

3. Gamborg O.L andPhillipsG.C. 2004. Plant cell tissue and organ culture. Fundamental methods.

Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

4. George E.F., Hall, M.A. and De Klerk, G.J. 2008. Plant Propagation by Tissue

Culture.Volume1.The Background. 3rd edition. Springer. Netherlands

5. Trigano, R. N and Gray, D. J. 2000. Plant Tissue Culture. Concepts and laboratory

exercises. Second edition. CRC press. London.

Web Resource:

1. www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/te_1384_web.pdf

2. dbtindia.nic.in/NCS/Guideliness.pdf

3. dbtmicropropagation.nic.in/surveytcp.pdf

4. www.agritechpublications.com/article.htm

EXP 401 Interiorscaping And Bonsai Making (0 + 3)

Aim

To enable students to gain hands experience in interior scaping, fresh and dry flower

arrangements and bonsai making. To develop entrepreneurial skills and confidence among

students to develop their own industry.

Activities:

Planning and designing for interior scaping - roof gardens- vertical gardens- dish

garden- terrariums- selection of suitable plants-containers, media and maintenance- fresh and

dry flower arrangements – Benefit cost ratio – project preparation.

Bonsai making – Selection of suitable plants –containers- tools and accessories-styles of

bonsai- appropriate techniques – training –bending – wiring – root and shoot pruning-

materials- watering –nutrition –plant protection- project preparation .

Deliverables

Students will be able to develop their own agribusiness ventures and also secure jobs

related to interiorscaping and bonsai making with zeal and enthusiasm and confidence

independently.

REFERENCES

Books

1. Alex Laurie and Victor H. Ries, 2004. Floriculture Fundamentals and Practices, Agrobios,

India.

2. Auto CAD. 2004. A problem solving approach, Tickoo, ISBN 1-4018-51339.

3. Bhattacharjee, S.K., 2004. Landscape gardening and design with plants. Aavishkar

Publisher and Distributors, Jaipur, India.

4. Bose, T.K., B. Chowdhury and S.P. Sharma 2001. Tropical garden plants in colour.

Horticulture and Allied Publishers, Kolkata.

5. Gary L. McDaniel. 1989. Floral design and arrangement. A Reston Book. Prentice hall.

New Jersey.

6. Gopalasamy Iyengar. 1990. Complete gardening in India. IBH. Bangalore.

7. Paul Lesniewicz., 1994. Bonsai in your home. Sterling publishing Co, New York.

8. Peter McHoy. 1997. The A-Zguide to house plants, Marshall Cavendish publishers, Italy.

9. Reader’s Digest Success with House Plants, 1979. The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.

Pleasantvilli, New York / Montreal.

10. William Davidson, 1989, Successful Indoor gardening - Exotic Flowering House Plants,

Salamander Book. London / New York.

Web resources

1. www.bestgarden.net

2. www.centralfloridagarden.blogspot.com

3. www.intuxford.tripod.com

4. www.lawngrasses.com

5. www.personal.psu.edu

6. www.sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses

EXP 401 Farm Advisory on Soil Health, Water Quality and Plant Nutrition (0 + 3)

Aim

This course aims to acquire skill in identifying farm level soil constraints and to offer

suitable management technologies in the selected farm holdings. To prescribe balanced

fertilization schedule, to assess the suitability of water for irrigation and to infuse confidence in

offering farm advisory services.

Activities

Identification and Selection of farm holdings - Collection of soil samples, Assessment of

soil quality indices and interpretation - Identifying soil constraints and Development of Soil

Constraint Management Package(SCMP) - Assessment of the Land suitability for different

crops - Water sample collection, quality assessment and assessing the land suitability for

irrigation - Issue of Soil Health Card and Fertilizer prescription using DSSIFER soft ware -

Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies using VDK software and corrective measures - Formulating

the most viable farm plan for the selected farm holding

Deliverables

The students will be able to critically analyze the data and data make recommendations

on soil health and plant nutrition. They data their own soil health eliments.

References

1. Hessee, P.R. 1971. A Text book of Soil Chemical Analysis. John Murray (Publishers) Ltd.

London

2. Indian Society of Soil Science 1996. Soil management inrelation to land degradation and

environment. Bulletin No.17.ISSS, New Delhi.

3. Sehgal,J.2005. A text book of Pedology- Concepts and applications. Kalyani Publishers,

Ludhiana USDA 1954. Diagnosis and Improvements of Saline and Alkali Soils. (Ed)

L.A.Richards. Handbook No.60. USDA Washington DC.

4. Werner Bergmann.Ed.1992.Nutritional Disorders of Plants - Development, Visual and

analytical Diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena.Stuttgart. NewYork

Web resources

1. ftp:/ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/docs/fpnb19.pdf

2. http://www.agric.gov.mt/soil-and-irrigation-water-lab

3. soilhealth.cals.cornell.edu/extension/.../managing_constraints.pdf

4. cnal.cals.cornell.edu/

5. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_fertilization

EXP 401 Commercial Production of Bio-Control Agents (0 + 3)

Aim

To train the students on commercial production of biocontrol agents

Activities:

a. Pathology

Studies on antagonistic microorganisms of plant pathogens – isolation of biocontrol

agents viz., Trichoderma and Pseudomonas – laboratory equipments – media preparation and

sterilization methods – calibration of microscope – spore observation – use of haemocytometer

– assessment of spore load and colony forming units – Commercial production of Trichoderma

vride and Pseudomonas fluorescens – method of application of biocontrol agents – quality control –

Economics of production of biocontrol agents – project preparation.

b. Entomology

Studies on natural enemies and entomopathogens of economic importance -

establishment of model biocontrol agents production units - establishment, selection and

maintenance of healthy colonies of host insects – Corcyra cephalonica and Maconellicoccus hirsutus

- mass production of Trichogramma, Chrysoperla and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and

entomopathogenic fungai - enumeration and standardization and quality control.

Deliverables

The students will gain good knowledge and experience on production of biocontrol

agents. They will be able to start commercial unit of biocontrol agents.

References

1. Ashok Pande and Mukerji, 2006. Biological control plant diseases. 2. Chinochoakar, S.B. and Mukerji, K.G. 2007. Biological Control of plant diseases, New York. 3. Aneja, K.R. 2003. Experiments in microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, New

Age International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 607 pp 4. Arjunan, G., Karthikeyan, G. and D. Dinakaran. 2005. Applied plant pathology. 5. Cook, R.J and Baker,K.F. 1983. The nature and practice of biological control of plant

pathogens. APS Press, study. Paul. Minnesota 6. Burgus. H.D. 1981, Microbial control of pest and plant diseases. Academic press, New Yark,

949 pp. 7. Clausen. C. P, 1940. Entomophagous insects Hafner publishing co. New Yark. 688 pp 8. Gautam, R.D, 1994. Biological pest suppression. Westville publishing house, New Delhi, 221

pp.

Web References

1. www.apsnet.org.com 2. www.entomology.wise.edu/mben/fea 303.html – 15k 3. www.agri.gov.il/Depts/IOBCPP / IOBCPP.html – 6k

EXP 401 Commercial Beekeeping (0 + 3)

Aim

To develop entrepreneurs in scientific beekeeping and production of honey.

Activities

Honey bee Species – identification and study of social biology - Bee pasturage - preparation of bee floral calendar – Bees conservation - honey harvest - Beehives, beekeeping equipments - Hiving feral Indian bee colony, site selection for apiary, visit to migratory bee keeping sites and commercial cerana bee farm - Honey extraction, processing, purity testing and value addition, visit to honey processing unit - Hive inspection, maintenance of hive records, management in nectar flow season, dearth period, management of swarming, absconding and laying workers -Dividing, uniting bee colonies, artificial feeding, protecting bees from pesticides - Insect, mite and bird enemies of honeybees, brood and adult diseases - Methods of collection of bees’ wax, bee pollen, propolis, bee venom, royal jelly - Marketing and economics of honey and bee products, preparation of bee keeping projects for bank funding. Deliverables As the students complete the course, they will be enriched with knowledge and skill levels to take up scientific beekeeping on commercial scale.

References

1. Atwal, A.S. 2000. Essentials of Bee Keeping and Pollination. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. 394 p.

2. Abrol D.P. 2011. Beekeeping – A comprehensive guide to bees and beekeeping. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 896 pages.

3. Tina Ranjan Das. 2006. Beekeeping with Apis cerana indica (in Tamil) Megens Jensens, Denmark, 130 p.

4. Wedmore E.B.1988. A manual of beekeeping. BBNO, Somerset, 389 p 5. Ted Hooper, 1991. Guide to Bees and Honey (Thrid Edition), BAS printers ltd. Over Wallop,

Hampshire 271 p. 6. Roger A. Morse, 1994. The new complete guide to beekeeping. The Countryman Press,

Woodstock, Vermont. 207p. 7. Peter G Kevan. 1995. The Asiatic Hive bee. Enviroquest Ltd. Cambridge, 315 p

Journals

1. American Bee Journal, Dadant & Sons Inc., USA. 2. Apiculture Newsletter, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis,

One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA. 3. Journal of Apiculture Science, Apiculture Research Association, Pulawy, Poland. 4. The Canadian Bee Journal, D.A. Jones & Co. Ltd., Canada. 5. The Journal of Apiculture Research. International Bee Research Association, Cardiff,

UK. Web resources: 1. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/farm_enterprises/fe_apiculture_home.html