Semester 1, Day 3

Cell Membrane, ER, and Golgi

Agenda Turn in Chapter 7 Responses Cells Quiz Review Macromolecules Quiz Plasma Membrane, ER, Golgi Lecture 4 Min Break Reading/Work Time

Homework If you have not already shown me yesterday’s

work, please turn in your responses to Chapter 7.

Please show me your book if you took one home yesterday

Cells Quiz Word bank for all cells Not all words will be used for each cell Question #3. Add “peroxisome” to word bank

Silently complete quiz Place facedown when finished All will be collected when everyone is finished

Review Macromolecules Quiz

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane All cells (pro & eu) have a plasma/cell

membrane!

Recall:

ProtonsElectronsNeutrons

Atoms Molecules Monomers Macromolecules/Polymers

Cells Organisms

Chemistry Biology

Found in

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane

Zoom-In

Cell

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell MembraneExtracellular Fluid (Outside Cell)

Cytoplasm (Inside Cell)

Cholesterol

Protein

Phospholipid Bilayer

Lipid

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Carbohydrate

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model

Phospholipids: Structure, liquid-y Proteins: Transport across membrane Carbohydrates: Signaling Cholesterols: Stability

“Moving”“Many parts”

Macromolecules!(no nucleic acids)

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Semi-permeable membrane

Allows small molecules through,but not larger molecules

Plasma membrane is semi-permeable Regulates what can/cannot enter/exit the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer: main portion of membrane

“Partially”“Passable”

“Two”

PhospholipidHydrophobic ( water)

Hydrophilic ( water)

2 layers (“bi” layer)

Mini-Lesson: Concentration Amount of solute in solvent Example: 6 grams sugar in 2 liters water

Importance? Molecules want to move from high [ ] to low [ ] Imagine:

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane

Concentration =SoluteSolvent

=6 g sugar2 L water

**Symbol for Concentration: [ ]

[sugar] = 3 g/L

Solvent Solute

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Concentration & semi-permeability are

important to the plasma membrane!! Number One: Diffusion

Diagram Source: http://arditobook.pbworks.com/w/page/11348839/Diffusion

Equal [ ]

Small Molecule

**If small molecule is water = OSMOSIS!

Type of Diffusion

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Concentration & semi-permeability are

important to the plasma membrane!! (cont.) Number Two: Facilitated Diffusion

Diagram Source: http://spmbiology403.blogspot.com/2008/08/passive-transport-facilitated-diffusion.html

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Channel Protein Carrier Protein

High [ ]

Low [ ]

LargerMolecules

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion through phospholipid bilayer Facilitated diffusion through protein (channel OR

carrier) Both go from HIGH [ ] to LOW [ ]

Concentration & semi-permeability are important to the plasma membrane!! (cont. x2) Number Three: Cell Membrane Pump

High [K+]

Low [K+]

High[Na+]

Low [Na+]

Diagram Source: http://cosbiology.pbworks.com/w/page/11556267/Lesson%207-02%20Nerve%20Impulse

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane ATP: Energy!

(Adenosine Triphosphate)

(Adenosine Diphosphate)

(Phosphate)

Image Source (ATP): http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectf03am/ATP02a.jpgImage Source (Reaction): http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/energy/metabo13.gif

ATP Structure

ATP Reaction

Cell Part: Plasma/Cell Membrane Gradient: High [ ] to Low [ ]

Passive Transport: Goes w/ gradient, requires NO energy

Active Transport: Goes against gradient, REQUIRES energy Membrane

Transport

Passive Transport

Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

Channel Proteins

Carrier Proteins

Active Transport

Cell Membrane

Pump? ?

Cell Part: Plasma/Cell Membrane Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a semi-

permeable membrane

Image Source: http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/ILLUST/fig8-10.GIF

BeforeAfter

[C6H12O6] lower“Hypotonic”

[C6H12O6] higher“Hypertonic”

[C6H12O6] equal“Isotonic”

More water

Less waterZoom In

Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell MembraneCells in isotonic Solution

Cells in hypertonic solution

Cells in hypotonic solution

Normal Shape

Shriveled Shape

Inflated Shape

Image Source: http://mywellnesswarehouse.com/Images/Interior/Isotonic/HypertonicIsotonicHypto.gif

Cell Parts: Protein Synthesis DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid):

“Master blueprint”, genetic code

Prokaryotic: DNA in nucleoid

Eukaryotic: DNA in nucleus

Cell Parts: Protein Synthesis Transcription & Translation: DNA

instructs the synthesis of a protein.

1. Nucleolus synthesizes ribosome

2. Ribosome attaches to rough E.R.

3. RNA copies DNA (Transcription)

4. RNA travels through nuclear pore to

ribosome

5. Ribosome decodes RNA into a protein

(Translation)

6. Protein travels through rough E.R. to fold

into a complex 3D shape

7. Protein travels to Golgi where it is

packaged into a vesicle

8. Vesicle travels to plasma membrane & is

secreted through exocytosisImage Source: http://partsofthecell.blogspot.com/2012/09/golgi-apparatus.html

Nucleus Nuclear Pore

RNA

DNA

Rough E.R.

Ribosome

Nucleolus

Golgi Body

Plasma Membrane

Cell Parts: Protein Secretion Vesicles containing proteins are not

transported across the cell membrane by previously learned mechanisms.

Membrane Transport

Passive Transport

Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

Channel Proteins

Carrier Proteins

Active Transport

Cell Membrane

Pump

Endocytosis

NEW!

ExocytosisNEW!

Cell Parts: Protein Secretion

Image Source: http://karimedalla.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/i60_0322.jpg

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

“Outside”

“Inside”

**Protein particles are secreted through EXOCYTOSIS. - Example: Hormones to communicate w/ body

Reading/Work Time Cornell Notes on Section 7.2, 7.3, and 8.1 Answer questions at end of each section