SEMANTICSSENSE AND REFERENCE:

HOMONYMY & HYPONYMY

Prepared by:

Nur Syakirah Mohd NafisNursyazwani AdangNur Syazwani Khamis

What is sense?

Refers to how we see an object or the amount of information given about an object.

What is reference?

Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

HOMONYMY

• It refers to the words that have different meaning, but either identical both in sound and spelling or indentical only in spelling or sound.

• For example:Bank, the noun, means a business offering financial services, e.g., He went to the bank to deposite some money.

Bank, the noun, refers to the steep side of a river, stream, lake, or canal, e.g., We climbed the river bank safely.

Homonymy

Homonyms proper

Identical in pronunciation and spelling

Homophones

Same sound, different meaning

Homographs

Different in sound & meaning but

identical in spelling

Hyponymy • Is a relation between two words in which the

meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other word.

• E.g : a. the verb cook has many hyponyms.Word: CookHyponyms: Roast, boil, fry, grill, bake.

b. the verb colour has many hyponymsWord: colourHyponyms: blue, red, yellow, green, black and purple

FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS

What are figurative?

• The words may not convey the literal meaning of them.

• It might indirect meaning or it might be opposite to their literal meaning.

• Such symbolical and metaphorical meanings are called figurative.

What are types of figurative expression?

Similes Metaphors

It is a stricking comparison

An indirect or implied

comparison

Want some example?

In the same boat

• In the same misfortune/circumtances

As fit as fiddle

• A condition of being healthy

He was foxing

• Trying to pretend

References

Steven Bratman, Mastery of English, 2007, SSMB Book Publishers Sdn. Bhd, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Homonimy, Polysemy, and Hyponymy, February 20 2013, http://learningcommunity-akbar.blogspot.com/2009/11/homonimy-polysemy-and-hyponymy.html

Semantics, February 20 2013, http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/semantics.htm