Semantic Web Course Introduction

Vagan Terziyan

Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla

vagan@it.jyu.fi ; terziyan@yahoo.com

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan

+358 14 260-4618

ITIN, France, February 2006

2

Contents

Course introductionPractical informationLecturesCourse exercise

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Course Introduction:Semantic Web - new Possibilities for

Intelligent Web Applications

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Motivation for Semantic Web

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Web Limitations

Doubles in sizeevery six months

Average WWW searches examineonly about 25% of potentially

relevant sites and return a lot ofunwanted information

Information on web is not suitablefor software agents

World Wide Web

Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is avision: the idea of havingdata on the Web defined andlinked in a way that it can beused by machines not just fordisplay purposes, but forautomation, integration andreuse of data across variousapplications.

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B e f o r e S e m a n t i c W e b

W e b c o n t e n t

U s e r sC r e a t o r sW W Wa n dB e y o n d

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S e m a n tic W e b S tru c tu re

S e m a n ticA n n o ta tio n s

O n to lo g ie s L o g ic a l S u p p o rt

L a n g u a g e s T o o ls A p p lic a tio n s /S e rv ic e s

W e b c o n te n t

U se rsC re a to rsW W Wa n dB e y o n d

S e m a n ticW e b

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Semantic Web Content: New “Users”

SemanticAnnotations

Ontologies Logical Support

Languages Tools Applications /Services

Web content

UsersCreatorsWWWandBeyond

SemanticWeb

Semantic Webcontent

UsersSemanticWeb andBeyond

Creators

applications

agents

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Semantic Web: Resource Integration

Shared ontology

Web resources / services / DBs / etc.

Semantic annotation

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Web resources / services / DBs / etc.

Shared ontology

Web users (profiles,

preferences)

Web access devices

Web agents / applications

External world resources

Smart machines and devices

Industrial and business processes

Semantic Web: which resources to annotate ?Semantic Web: which resources to annotate ?

Multimedia resources

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Word-Wide Correlated Activities

Semantic Web

Grid Computing

Web Services

Agentcities

Agentcities is a global, collaborative effort to construct an open network of on-line systems

hosting diverse agent based services.

WWW is more and more used for application to application communication.The programmatic interfaces made available are referred to as Web services.

The goal of the Web Services Activity is to develop a set of technologies in order to bring Web services to their full potential

FIPA

FIPA is a non-profit organisation aimed at producing standards for the interoperation

of heterogeneous software agents.

Semantic Web is an extension of the currentweb in which information is given well-definedmeaning, better enabling computers and people

to work in cooperation

Wide-area distributed computing, or "grid” technologies, provide the foundation to a number of large-scale efforts

utilizing the global Internet to build distributed computing and communications infrastructures.

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Semantic Technology

Semantic technology as a software technology allows the meaning of information to be known and processed at execution time. For a semantic technology there must be a knowledge model of some part of the world that is used by one or more applications at execution time.

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Semantic Technology Market ForecastingSemantic Technology Market ForecastingSemantic solution, services & software markets will grow rapidly, topping $60B by 2010.

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Excellent Job Opportunities:Samples of Mail-List with Job Advertisements

OntoWeb (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)

ontoweb-list@lists.deri.org

To register follow the link:

http://lists.deri.org/mailman

Semantic Web (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)

seweb-list@lists.deri.org

To register follow the link:

http://lists.deri.org/mailman

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Course Description

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Practical Information

Lectures: 10 hours Monday: 20 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00; 13h30-15h15;

Tuesday: 21 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00. Slides available online (links from Introductory Lecture)

Exercise: 6 hoursMonday: 20 February, 15:30-17:00

Tuesday: 21 February, 13:30-15:15; 15:30-17:00. task will be announced during the lectures

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Lectures

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Semantic Web Lectures

Lectures Schedule

20/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) – Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics

20/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) – Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications

20/02/2006 (13:30 - 15:15) – Lecture 3: Protege Tutorial (Designing Ontologies with Protege)

21/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) – Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics

21/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) – Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources in Semantic Web

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Introduction

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SW_Introduction.ppt

Semantic WebCourse Introduction

Vagan Terziyan

Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla

vagan@it.jyu.fi ; terziyan@yahoo.com

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan

+358 14 260-4618

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Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_1.ppt

Semantic Web - the Key Concern of AI and W3C

Communities

Based on tutorials and presentations:

D. Fensel, P. Constantopoulos, J. Busch, A. Sheth, J. Chen-Burger, E. Motta,B. Matthews, S. Robinson, E. Kim, T. Berners-Lee, E. Prudhommeaus, L. Ding,J. Hendler, O. Lassila, V. C. Sekhar, C. Goble

Semantic Web:Semantic Web:StateState--ofof--Art and OpportunitiesArt and Opportunities

“Industrial Ontologies” Group

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/index.html

University of Jyväskylä, August 2003

Industrial Ontologies GroupIndustrial Ontologies Group

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Semantic_Web.ppt

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Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_2.ppt

Semantic Web: ApplicationsSemantic Web: Applications

Vagan Terziyan

Industrial Ontologies Group

Technology Roadmap for ApplicationsTechnology Roadmap for Applications

Semantic Web (SW)

P2P Web ServicesAgent Technology

Semantic Integration

Semantic Search

Semantic Proactivity

Semantic Games

Semantic Personalization

Machine Learning

Semantic Communication

Semantic Annotation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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Lecture 3: Tutorial: Designing Ontologies with Protégé

http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/

http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/ProtegeOWLTutorial.pdf

Protégé is an ontology editor and a knowledge-base editor (download from http://protege.stanford.edu ).

Protégé is also an open-source, Java tool that provides an extensible architecture for the creation of customized knowledge-based applications.

Protégé's OWL Plug-in now provides support for editing Semantic Web ontologies.

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Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Why_SWS.ppt

Why Semantic Web Services ?Why Semantic Web Services ?New Opportunity for the Semantic TechnologyNew Opportunity for the Semantic Technology

26.01.2005Vagan Terziyan

Semantic Web Services BasisSemantic Web Services Basis

Web Services Distributed Artificial Intelligence Semantic Web

Semantic Technology

Semantic Web Services

The question we should answer today: “Why these are necessary ?”

Software Technologies

Service Oriented Design

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Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources in Semantic Web

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SmartResource_Summary.ppt

Additional Material for Self-Study

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Just for case you do not know: Introduction to XML

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/XML.ppt

Introduction to XML

Based on tutorials of B. Cormia, D. Suciu, H. Boley, S. Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold and others

Too

lsToo

ls

WebWebServicesServices

Integration & Integration & InteroperabilityInteroperability

Dat

a (X

ML)

Dat

a (X

ML)

Such Format, which Describes the Content of a Web Document Rather than the Way to Display it, is among the Basic Needs of the Intelligent Web Applications

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Markup Techniques

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Markup_Techniques.ppt

Markup Techniques

Based on Tutorials :H. Boley, S. Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold

DTDs

XML

RDF[S]

Namespaces

Stylesheets

CSS

XSLT

XQL

Queries

XML-QL

Transformations

Acquisition

Protégé

Agents

Frames

Rules

SHOE

HornML

RuleML

DAML

XQuery

TopicMaps

Ontobroker

Universal Storage/Interchange Formats are among the Basic Requirements for the Interoperability in the Web

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RDF and RDF Schema

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/RDF.ppt

RDF and RDF Schema

Based on tutorials and presentations of

O. Lassila, R.R. Swick, J. Cowan, D. Brickley, R.V. Guha

Description of Semantic Properties of the Web Resources and Semantic Relationships between them is Extremely Important for the

Intelligent Web ApplicationsJohn’s

homepage

Mary’s homepage

To be a Director

To be a Secretary

To Love

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Ontologies in Semantic Web

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_1.ppt

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Ontologiesin Semantic Web

Based on tutorials and presentations:

D. Lee, F. Harmelen, M. Arumugam, C. Goble, I. Horrocks, N. F. Noy,D.L. McGuinness, J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel

www.ontoknowledge.org/oil

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The More or Less Global Agreement about Standard Terminology and Conceptual Hierarchy for a Domain Description is Necessary for the Interoperability in the Intelligent Web

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_2.ppt

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JENA Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications.

It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and OWL, including a rule-based inference engine.

Jena is open source and grown out of work with the HP Labs Semantic Web Program.

The Jena Framework includes: A RDF API Reading and writing RDF in RDF/XML, N3 and N-Triples An OWL API In-memory and persistent storage RDQL – a query language for RDF

http://jena.sourceforge.net/

http://jena.sourceforge.net/tutorial/RDF_API/index.html

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Jena is one of the most widely used Java APIs for RDF and OWL, providing services for model representation, parsing, database persistence, querying and some visualization tools. Protege-OWL always had a close relationship with Jena. The Jena ARP parser is still used in the Protege-OWL parser, and various other services such as species validation and datatype handling have been reused from Jena. It was furthermore possible to convert a Protege OWLModel into a Jena OntModel, to get a static snapshot of the model at run time. This model, however had to be rebuild after each change in the model.

As of August 2005, Protege-OWL is now much closer integrated with Jena. This integration allows programmers to user certain Jena functions at run-time, without having to go through the slow rebuild process each time. The architecture of this integration is illustrated on the next slide…

Jena Integration of Protégé-OWL

http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/guide.html

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Jena Integration of Protégé-OWL

The OWLModel API has a new method getJenaModel() to access a Jena view of the Protege model at run-time. This can be used by Protege plugin developers. Many other Jena services can be wrapped into Protege plugins this way, by providing them a pointer to the Model created by Protege.

The key to this integration is the fact that both systems operate on a low-level "triple" representation of the model. Protege has its native frame store mechanism, which has been wrapped in Protege-OWL with the TripleStore classes. In the Jena world, the corresponding interfaces are called Graph and Model. The Protege TripleStore has been wrapped into a Jena Graph, so that any read access from the Jena API in fact operates on the Protege triples. In order to modify these triples, the conventional Protege-OWL API must be used. However, this mechanisms allows to use Jena methods for querying while the ontology is edited inside Protege.

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Joseki - a SPARQL Server for Jena Joseki: The Jena RDF Server. Joseki is a server for publishing RDF

models on the web. Models have URLs and they can be access by HTTP GET. Joseki is part of the Jena RDF framework.

Joseki is an HTTP and SOAP engine supports the SPARQL Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. SPARQL is developed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group.

Joseki Features: RDF Data from files and databases HTTP (GET and POST) implementation of the SPARQL protocol SOAP implementation of the SPARQL protocol

http://www.joseki.org/

http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/joseki/joseki-3.0-beta-1.zip?download

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Course Exercise

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Task for the Exercise (6 x 45 min)Learn to use Protégé (45 min) – personal work;Create ontology for companies description based on

Protégé tool (work in 4 groups, 5 persons per group all from different companies) (45+45 min);

semantically annotate your employer company based on ontology of your group – personal work (45 min);

Recreate groups so that each new group contains one representative from each previous group (i.e. it will be 5 groups, 4 persons per group), each group independently tries to integrate 4 original ontologies and appropriate semantic descriptions to one ontology in Protégé, printing final files to the report (45+45 min).

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Lecture Notes and Textbook

Dave McComb, Semantics in Business Systems, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.

Main recommended textbook

Lecture Notes (available online)

Follow link:

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/courses

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Additional Reading

Dieter Fensel, Wolfgang Wahlster, Henry Lieberman, James Hendler (Eds.): “Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential”, MIT Press, 2002

John Davies, Dieter Fensel & Frank van Harmelen:, “Towards the Semantic WEB – Ontology Driven Knowledge Management”, John Wiley, 2002

Johan Hjelm, “Creating the Semantic Web with RDF”, John Wiley, 2001

Dieter Fensel: “Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce”, Springer Verlag, 2001

Jeff Pollock and Ralph Hodgson, "Adaptive Information: Improving Business Through Semantic Interoperability, Grid Computing, and Enterprise Integration“, Wiley Computer Publishing, September 2004

Michael C. Daconta, Leo J. Obrst, Kevin T. Smith: “The Semantic Web: A Guide to the Future of XML, Web Services, and Knowledge Management”, John Wiley, 2003

Thomas B. Passin, "Explorer's Guide to the Semantic Web", ISBN 1932394206, June 2004

M. Klein and B. Omelayenko (eds.), “Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web”, Vol. 95, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2003

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Where to find out more: Web-Sites

OWL, OWL-S http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-pressrelease http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-testimonial

Semantic Web http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ http://www.semwebcentral.org/

Semantic Web Services http://www.daml.org/services/ http://www.swsi.org/ http://www.wsmo.org