sem1 plt xp_01

Introducing Flowcharts

©NIIT PLT/Lesson 1/Slide 1 of 20

Objectives

In this lesson, you will learn to:

Identify input and output requirements

Understand programs

Represent logic by using flowcharts



Input, Process, and Output

Phases

Activities can be broken into separate phases

The first phase is called the input phase

The second phase is called the process phase

The last phase is known as the output phase



Input, Process, and Output (Contd.)

I-P-O Cycle

The cycle of activities performed by a computer is referred to as the Input-Process-Output cycle or the I-P-O cycle

A computer consists of several components

Each component participates in either one of the input, process, or output phases



Programs

Programs

A computer is designed to accept input, process it, and generate output

A set of instructions to perform a task is called a program

A number of programs together form an application



Problem-Solving Techniques

Flowcharts

A flowchart is a graphical representation of the steps to be followed for solving a problem

It consists of a set of symbols

Each symbol represents a specific activity




Symbols Used in Flowcharts

Symbol Activity

Input

Processing

Output




Symbols Used in Flowcharts (Contd.)

Symbol Activity

Decision

Procedure or Subroutine

Flow lines





Symbol Activity

Terminator

On page connector

Off page connector





Symbol Activity

Annotation



Just a Minute…

Match the following verbs with appropriate symbols:

Get, Write, Stop, Add, Start, Multiply, Read, Subtract, Divide, Display, Input, Output, If

S. No. Symbol Activity

1.

2.



Just a Minute…(Contd.)

S. No. Symbol Activity

3.

4.

5.



Drawing Simple Flowcharts

Flowchart for Preparing Tea

Start

Stop

The Steps for Preparing tea

Input Water, Sugar, Tea Leaves and Milk

Boil the Ingredients

Tea is Prepared



Drawing Simple Flowcharts (Contd.)

Flowchart for Manipulating Numbers

Start

Stop

Get a Number

Add 1 to the Number

Display the Number




Example

The value of sale made is calculated as the number of units sold multiplied by the price per unit. Draw a flowchart to calculate and print the sale value.




Start

Stop

Input Unit Price

Multiply Units Sold By Unit Price

Print Total Sale Value

Input Units Sold




Problem Statement 1.P.1

Draw a flowchart to represent the procedure of admission of a student to NIIT.





Rearrange the steps given below in the order of correct sequence to add the two numbers and draw a flowchart for the same.

1. Get the First Number

2. Display the Result

3. Stop

4. Add the Two Numbers

5. Get the Second Number

6. Start





Draw a flowchart to accept five numbers and display the sum of the numbers.





Draw a flowchart to input any number, multiply it by 2, and display the result.



Summary

In this lesson, you learned that:

The cycle of activities performed by a computer follows the Input-Process-Output cycle.

A set of instructions to perform a particular job is called a program.

A flowchart is a graphical representation of the steps to be followed for solving a problem.

A flowchart consists of a set of symbols, where each symbol represents a specific activity.

sem1 plt xp_01

Technology