sem 1 2010 btw 1200 revision lecture
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Business Law Revision Classes.
(Exam Tips and Secrets: handed down through the generations of past students. )
1AKColeman 2010
![Page 2: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The key to success……..
Cool
2AKColeman 2010
![Page 3: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview• Exam Format
• FAQ’s
• Exam Tips/Strategies
• Note Preparation
• Topic Revision
• Past Exam Papers Next Week3AKColeman 2010
![Page 4: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Examination “Hurdle”.
• The exam is worth 70% of your final mark.
• Remember there is an Examination hurdle in this Unit that requires you to achieve at least 45/100 in the exam – please see your Unit Book.
• SO EVEN IF YOUR FINAL COMBINED TOTAL IS OVER 50% YOU WILL STILL FAIL IF YOU DID NOT achieve at least 45/100 in the exam.
4AKColeman 2010
![Page 5: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Examination Details.• Duration:-
– 180 minutes writing time– 30 minutes reading and noting time
• Topics:- See info on Unit Website: anything not listed CAN BE examined.
• Questions: – Five (5) IN TOTAL– Both problem and theoretical “essay” style questions.– Part A: 1 short answer question (20 marks). – PART B: Two problem style questions based on the same set of facts (12+13=25
marks).– Part C: Two separate problem style questions, different facts (15 +10 =25 marks)
=> Please read each question carefully and follow the instructions
– DIVIDE YOUR TIME CAREFULLY, AND ACCORDING TO THE MARKS ALLOCATED. The exam is out of 70 marks in total
5AKColeman 2010
![Page 6: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
F.A.Q’s• Can I take photocopies in to the exam?
– Yes.
• Can I make notes during reading time?– Yes on the exam paper itself.
• Do I need to refer to cases?– YES YOU DAMN @#*& ….!
• Do I need an Introduction?– Not necessary but a good idea.
• Do I need to write the full case citation?– i.e. Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 at 580.– No, this will do = (Fisher v Bell; Boots’ Case)
• How long should each answer be?– Depends on the question and how many issues there are.
• How many issues are there?– Lots, and lots, and LOTS!
6AKColeman 2010
![Page 7: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Exam Strategy….Bugger…..
7AKColeman 2010
![Page 8: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pray…..
8AKColeman 2010
![Page 9: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9AKColeman 2010
![Page 10: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Exam Strategy..
• Answer all FIVE questions:-– Follow instructions !!!! – Separate page. – Clearly identify the number of the question….
• Easiest first:– [DAMNIT they are all so hard!!]– Remember you cannot “perfect” an answer & you cannot earn 25 / 20
marks…• => watch your TIME MANAGEMENT!!
– Work out answer “times” • Eg. 180 minutes divided by 100 marks = 1.8 min per mark.• 10 marks =18 minutes.
– BUT!– Make sure for checking at the end of the exam.– So maybe 1.5 min per mark.– => 10 marks = 15 minutes.
10AKColeman 2010
![Page 11: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Steps to Problem Solving• Understand what is required of you
– (ie what are you being asked to do?); • Understand the context (the facts);• Determine the issues to be resolved (the rules of law to be
applied);• Consider possible interpretations of the law;• Apply the rules of law to the facts. Consider all possibilities
where the facts are uncertain;• Draw a conclusion on each issue, and overall.
11AKColeman 2010
![Page 12: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Answering Questions
• Remember answer format.– Issue– Rule
• Case or legislation.
– Application– Conclusion.
12AKColeman 2010
![Page 13: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Issue …
• The legal question that the court needs to resolve.– Eg. “Has an offer been made?”– Or:- “Is the advertisement an invitation to treat or
is it an offer?”– Or:- “IF Arnold wishes to “cancel” the contract he
must prove that the statement ‘450% effective’ is a term of the contract, in particular a condition, or an intermediate term, which has been breached…etc etc.”
13AKColeman 2010
![Page 14: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rule.
• ‘A display of goods on a shelf, store window or advertising material is traditionally considered an invitation to treat.’– (Fisher v Bell; Boots’ Case)
14AKColeman 2010
![Page 15: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
About Quotes…
• Tempting, BUT HOW LONG DOES THIS TAKE TO WRITE DOWN? – ‘..display of goods in the shop window or shelf,
complete with the price markings is usually interpreted as an invitation to treat.. [but whether it is an offer] depends on the intention of the trader to be gathered from all the circumstances.’
» Reardon v Morley Ford Pty Ltd. (1980) 49 FLR 401, per Smithers J. p. 407
15AKColeman 2010
![Page 16: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Apply the rules...
As mentioned above the term regarding cancellation can be breached in a variety of ways so it would be more appropriate to consider it as an intermediate term (Hong Kong Fir Shipping Case). Given the effect of the specific breach, during a violent movie of a murder in a sports car, the breach is a serious one that could not be adequately compensated by damages alone.
Although 2 years may be a substantial period of time, the damage already done will last a considerable period of time, perhaps so much so that no ad’s for A’s goods can be run for some months.
Finally, perhaps B may breach again! After all he is very tricky!
Thus it is argued here that A has a right to termination and damages.
16AKColeman 2010
![Page 17: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Apply the rules...
As mentioned above the term regarding cancellation can be breached in a variety of ways so it would be more appropriate to consider it as an intermediate term (Hong Kong Fir Shipping Case) rather than as a condition (Associated Newspapers v Bancks). It is unlikely that the specific breach, a violent movie of a murder in a sports car, will be sufficiently serious enough to justify termination since the contract has 2 years to run, which is similar to the time charter in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Case .
Also in Wickman’s Case and Shevill’s Case , the Court held that despite the parties classifying the term as a condition, if the breach is minor and damages would be adequate, then termination will not be allowed.
Thus over time the damage will not deprive the plaintiff of the true value of the contract that would be earned over two years.
17AKColeman 2010
![Page 18: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Conclusion..
• Accordingly Jack would succeed in an action in negligence against Hepburn Springs. He could claim damages that included pain and suffering, as well as the costs of replacing his pet cat…..
18AKColeman 2010
![Page 19: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Finally..• Answer style
– no footnotes;– no bibliography;– You laugh but every semester people do it…
• No quips/jokes/etc..
19AKColeman 2010
![Page 20: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Note Preparation
20AKColeman 2010
![Page 21: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Potential Material• Lecture Notes• Textbook• Other books• Unit book• Photocopies• Assignment• Summaries/Notes• Teddy bear and dummy…
21AKColeman 2010
![Page 22: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22AKColeman 2010
![Page 23: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alternatives….• A list of cases..
– Or• A planned answer..
– Or • Concept mapping..
– Or• Summarise each topic..
– Or• Flowcharts
– Or• A plan of approach to answer a question on that topic.
– What works for you? • be careful when sharing;• no prepared answers;
23AKColeman 2010
![Page 24: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What cases are relevant do you think….?
• Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256;• Grainger v Gough [1896] AC 325, • Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists
(Southern ) Ltd.
– That’s not many, can YOU remember them all?
24AKColeman 2010
![Page 25: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Planned Answer?
• ‘ X made an oral statement that was so important to Y, that it was clear from the facts and Y’s actions that he/she intended to contract on that basis. (Bannermann v White) Therefore the Parol Evidence Rule as stated in Oscar Chess v Williams does not apply.’– Pretty good?
• You really think we will repeat the same question?
25AKColeman 2010
![Page 26: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Go ahead make my day……
26AKColeman 2010
![Page 27: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Summaries: Terms
• What is the type of terms?Condition=
– Breach goes to heart of contract;» Poussard v Spiers. (lecture notes)
• Warranty= – Not so important
» Bettini v Gye at p.158 Turner; p. 251 S & O’R.
• Intermediate= serious vs minor– Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co p. 252 S & O’R.
27AKColeman 2010
![Page 28: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Duty of care - the testDefendant must take reasonable care to avoid acts or
omissions which it can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure its neighbour
• Who, in law, is my neighbour?• Persons who are so closely or directly affected by my act
that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.– Users of manufactured products
• Donoghue v Stevenson
28AKColeman 2010
![Page 29: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Organise under Headings? • Example: Contract.
– Is there a contract ?– What are the terms?– Has there been a breach ?– What remedies are available?
• Example: Is there a contract ?– Has an offer been made?– Was the offer accepted?– Was there valid consideration?– Was there an intention to be bound?
Remember questions prompt answers!
29AKColeman 2010
![Page 30: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Topic Example: Contract Law
• Is there a contract?– elements;
• Offer;• Acceptance;• Consideration;• Intention to be bound.
– what evidence supports each element;
• What are the terms? – type of terms;
• Condition/Warranty/Intermediate= serious vs minor• Remedies?
• damages; or• injunction/specific performance.
30AKColeman 2010
![Page 31: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Negligence
Duty of Care Standard ofcare
Causation
Defences
31AKColeman 2010
![Page 32: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Topic Example: Contract.
C o n tra ct
'K ' e x is ts.
Y E S
N o 'K '
In v ita tion to tre a t.
N o 'K '
M e re 'p u ff'
N o 'K 'B U T M IS R E P .?
M e re R e p .
P ro m isso ry In ten tio n .
O F F E R ? A C C E P T A N C E ? C O N S ID E R A T IO N ?
H a s a 'K ' b ee n fo rm e d?
32AKColeman 2010
![Page 33: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
AGENCY CREATION: May be in writing or oralAgent (on behalf of principal)▪ Makes contracts ▪ Receives monies ▪ Pays
monies ▪Makes/ receives representationsi.e. principal is bound by agent’s actions and
can be sued by 3rd partiesAgent’s authority, there are 2 types▪‘actual’ (real) – express or implied▪ ‘ostensible’ (apparent) – it looks as if Agent
has authority).1. By express agreement ▪ not necessarily a written contract ▪ may be by request/agreement2. By implied agreement through behaviour/conduct i.e. they behave
as if there is a principal/ agent agreement3. By estoppel when a 3rd party believes an ex-agent is still
an agent 4. By necessity ▪ matter of urgency, can’t contact principal
e.g. can sell goods that would otherwise be destroyed
5. By cohabitation (living together) F presumed to buy household needs ▪ covers rates, rent, groceries ▪ not luxuries (e.g. diamond rings)
(Name of case, p.?)
(Name of case, p.?)
(Name of case, p.?)
(Name of case, p.?)
Key cases – add page numbers from textbook.
Linear notes33AKColeman 2010
![Page 34: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
By express agreement▪not necessarily a written contract▪ may be by request/agreement
Agency Creation May be in writing or oralAgent (on behalf of princpl)▪ makes contracts▪ receives monies▪ pays monies ▪ makes/receives representatns
i.e. principal is bound by agent’s actions and can be sued by 3rd parties
By Implied Agreement▪ through behaviour/conducti.e. they behave as if there is a principal/agent agreement(Name of case, p.?)
By necessity▪ matter of urgency, can’t contact principal e.g. can sell goods that would otherwise be destroyed. (Name of case, p.?)
By cohabitation (living together)▪ F presumed to buy household needs▪ covers rates, rent, groceries▪ not luxuries e.g. diamond ring
By estoppel▪ when a 3rd party believes an ex-agent is still an agent bec. principal hasn’t said agent no longer works for him/her(Name of case, p.?)
Agent’s authority, there are 2 types
▪‘actual’ (real) -express or implied▪‘ostensible’ (apparent)-it looks as if agent has authority(Name of case, p.?)
Concept mapping notes 34AKColeman 2010
![Page 35: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Principal is bound
Is the agent acting within actual
authority?
Is the agent known to be an agent?
Is the agent acting within ostensible
authority?
Has the principal ratified the agent’s
conduct?
Undisclosed principal Is the agent acting
within actual authority?
Is the contract inconsistent with
possibility of undisclosed principal?
Principal is NOT bound
Is the identity of the principal critical?
IS THE PRINCIPAL BOUND?
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
From Sweeney, B. & Sernia, A. Commercial Law. p.260
Yes
Flow chart notes 35AKColeman 2010
![Page 36: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Summarising casesCase: Byrne & Co v Leon van Tienhoven
Facts: Van Tienhoven offered by letter to sell goods to Byrne. Byrne cabled acceptance. However, before this, Van Tienhoven had posted letter revoking offer. This revocation letter was received by Byrne after acceptance was cabled.
Held: Van Tienhoven was bound by the agreement. NB. Postal Rule. Acceptance occurs when letter is posted. Revocation isn’t effective until it has been received. So acceptance occurred first.
G & F, p.274
Adapted from: Crosling, G.M. & Murphy, H.M (2000). How to Study Business Law, (3rd ed.). Australia: Butterworths pp. 63-4.
Case summaries36AKColeman 2010
![Page 37: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Summarising cases: tableIssue/Topic Case Facts Held
ContractPostal ruleRevocation
Byrne & Co v Leon van Tienhoven p.274
Van Tienhoven offered by letter to sell goods to Byrne. Byrne cabled acceptance…..etc.
Van Tienhoven was bound by the agreement. NB. Postal Rule. Acceptance occurs…etc.
37AKColeman 2010
![Page 38: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Notes
• So what is the textbook then?
• What are the lecture notes then?
• Do you really want to waste time???
• So what do you do?
38AKColeman 2010
![Page 39: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
In the beginning….• What was the stated “Aim” of the Subject?
• Remember each topic has a list of learning objectives:
• What were the main areas of concern or “grey areas” of each topic?
• What have Andrew, Samantha, or Tabatha God Bless their souls, (well only Andrew’s soul!) given us in the lecture notes?
39AKColeman 2010
![Page 40: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Remember….
40AKColeman 2010
![Page 41: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
“More is not Better”
If this is you on exam day: you’re an @#$(#!
41AKColeman 2010
![Page 42: Sem 1 2010 BTW 1200 Revision Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/551f23ff497959335b8b4c35/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
PUT THEM TO THE TEST!!!
42AKColeman 2010