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Upgradingheavy hydrocar-

bons withproven cost-

effective, inte-grated cokegasification

FLEXICOKING Conversion Technology

FLEXICOKING is a commercially proven,

continuous fluid bed technology that thermallyconverts heavy oils (such as vacuum resid,atmospheric resid, oil sands bitumen, heavy whole

crudes, deasphalter bottoms, or FCC bottoms) tolighter more valuable products. FLEXICOKING is

an integrated process that provides greaterflexibility when upgrading residuum, producing both

clean liquid products as well as a fuel gas ornatural gas substitute. FLEXICOKING essentially

eliminates petroleum coke production, whileproviding an economical fuel for refinery furnacesand boilers.

Expect these advantages: Continuous fluid bed thermal conversion process with integrated coke gasification to

produce a clean fuel gas or natural gas substitute Low value coke provides process heat for both coking and gasification reaction

Clean FLEXICOKING gas burns well in easily modified burners in a variety of furnaces,heaters, and boilers within the refinery or can be sold to nearby plants as fuel

Flexibility to handle a great variety of feed types, especially those with high metals, sulfur,Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR). Capability to upgrade very heavy feeds at theresource site or at the refinery, wherever the low cost clean fuel gas substitute can be bes

utilized Large single train capacity provides an economy of scale that lowers investment cost

per unit of throughput. Can process up to 100 KB/SD of 20-plus wt% Conradson Carbonvacuum resid in a single reactor

High reliability with service factors routinely exceeding 90%

How FLEXICOKING WorksFeed (typically 1050F/565C-plus vacuum resid) enters the scrubber (1) for integrated direct

contact heat exchange with reactor overhead effluent vapors. The scrubber condenses higherboiling hydrocarbons in the reactor

effluent (typically > 975F/525C) andrecycles these along with the fresh

feed to the reactor. Lighter overhead

vapors are sent to conventionalfractionation and light ends recovery. Inthe reactor (2), feed is thermallycracked to a full range of liquid

products and coke.Coke inventory is maintained by

transferring bed coke from the reactor tothe heater (3) via a transfer line. Hot

coke from the heater is circulated backto the reactor (through coke transferline), supplying the heat necessary to

maintain reactor temperature and to

FUELS TECHNOLOGIES

tertiary cyclones low BTU gasto cleanup

scrubber

to fractionator

residfeed

reactor heater

dry fines

steamgeneration

airblower

gasifier

steam

slurry

venturiscrubber

1

23

4

5

Simplified FLEXICOKING Flowplan

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sustain thermal cracking reactions. Excess coke issent to the gasifier (4) where the coke reacts with air

and steam to produce a clean fuel gas (Flexigas)that can be used in boilers and furnaces, backing

out purchased fuel gas. Approximately 97% of thecoke generated in the reactor is consumed in the

process, with a small amount of product cokerecovered from the fines system (5).

FLEXICOKING ProductsThe FLEXICOKING process produces a full rangeof products, from a C4- reactor gas stream through

a full range of liquid products to a minimal product

coke stream. It also produces a clean fuel gas viagasification of the majority of the gross cokeproduced in the reactor.

The reactor gas stream is typically sent to a light

ends plant in order to produce a C2- fuel gas, C3's for alkylation unit feed, chemical feedstock, or LPG, and C4's for

mogas blending.

The liquid products are typically cut into three fractions. The coker naphtha is sent to a hydrotreater and then used as

reformer feedstock or for mogas blending. The light and heavy coker gas oils are used as FCC, hydrocracker, orpetrochemical feed.

While most of the coke is gasified, a small amount is produced from the FLEXICOKING process. The fines are used in metall-urgical, metals recovery, and fuels applications. Product fluid coke can be withdrawn from the heater to adjust the gasification

level. This coke has a lower sulfur content compared to the coke produced in the reactor, making it attractive for sale.

Flexibility is KeyAs the name implies, FLEXICOKING is a very flexible process. There are two main reasons for this flexibility. The first isadaptability in the liquid product draws. Typically, the 975F/525C+ liquid is recycled to extinction from the scrubber back to

the reactor. However, with minor modifications to the scrubber, this stream can be withdrawn as an additional product. Thisis typically referred to as extra heavy coker gas oil, and is often blended into the refinery fuel oil stock. Elimination of recycle

typically results in an increase in liquid products of 4 - 6 wt% on fresh feed, reducing the overall reactor gas and coke make.

Secondly, FLEXICOKING provides versatility in the gasification of coke. Adjusting the amount of coke gasified allows the

refiner to produce more or less fuel gas substitute depending on site needs. Since this clean gas can be used infurnaces or boilers, it can provide fuel for a wide range of processes, backing out the amount of expensive natural gas

purchased by the refinery. Additional process configurations including Dual Gasification FLEXICOKING enable theproduction of syngas and/or hydrogen.

Our Experience and Path ForwardThere are at least five units in operation with about 200 KB/SD of capacity. With the current projected high price of natural

gas, FLEXICOKING technology is an excellent market fit. It is more efficient than hydroconversion and other thermalconversion process alternatives, especially when deep conversion is needed. Compared with POx, IGCC and other

approaches, FLEXICOKING has significantly lower capital investment when gas or electric power is needed.

To learn more about ExxonMobil's refining technologies available for license, contact:

ExxonMobil Research and Engineering CompanyTechnology Sales & Licensing3225 Gallows RoadFairfax, Virginia 22037-0001phone (703) 846-2568; fax (703) 846-2725http://www.exxonmobil.com/refiningtechnologies

FLEXICOKING is a trademark and proprietary process name of Exxon Mobil Corporation or its affiliates.

Kuwait 1050F+Vac. Resid

25 wt%CCR

Reactor/

Scrubber/

Fractionator

Heater/Gasifier

Gross Coke(30wt%)

NetCoke

Refinery Fuel/Sales H2 Manufacture LPG Recovery Alkylation Feed

Product Dispositions

Mogas Blending Refinery Fuel/Sales Petrochemical Feed

Middle Distillate FCC/Hydrocracking Feed Petrochemical Feed

FCC/Hydrocracking Feed Fuel Oil

Alternative to Fuel Gas Steam Generation Power Generation

Power Generation Cement Industry Fuel Metals Recovery

Lt. Coker Gas Oil

Coker Naphtha

Reactor Gas, C4

-

Hvy. Coker Gas Oil

Flexigas

Yield,on Feed

11 wt%

15 - 20wt%

12 - 14wt%

35 - 36wt%

0.2 FOEB/Bbl Feed

4 wt%