self-certification of non-licensed facilities€¦ · have been named as a perpetrator in a...

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20 Renewable Resources in Corrosion Resistance Eram Sharmin, Sharif Ahmad and Fahmina Zafar Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India 1. Introduction Corrosion of metals or alloys occurs due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment, which often results in drastic deterioration in the properties of metals or materials comprising thereof. Corrosion takes place on a steel surface, due to the development of anodic and cathodic areas, through oxidation and reduction reactions, forming of oxides of metals alloys. There are several corrosion causing agents or “corrodents” such as soot, sulphate salts, chloride ions, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved gases, humidity, bacteria, sand, gravels, stones, mechanical stresses and also several protection methods employed for corrosion resistance such as the application of alloys, composites, inhibitors, cathodic and anodic protection, protective linings and coatings (Bierwagen, 1996; Ghali et al., 2007; Raja& Sethuraman, 2008; Sorensen et al.,2009). Notwithstanding, corrosion has become a gigantic problem today for every nation. The colossal detrimental impact of corrosion on the economy of a country can be manifested in billions of dollars spent annually to combat or control it. In the past two decades, research and development efforts in the field have undergone vast changes globally, because of the everyday growing consumer expectations of good quality and performance coupled with lower cost, enormous hikes in the prices of petro-based chemicals out of fear of depleting stocks by the end of twenty first century, serious concerns pertaining to energy consumption and environmental contamination, regulations such as Clean Air Act Ammendments [CAAA, 1990], and above all the “cost of corrosion”. These predictions, regulations and innovations have posed constant threats and challenges for anticorrosion industry forcing to change its gears worldwide. The corrosion chemists, researchers and engineers in industry and academics are actively engaged to explore and formulate new strategies to meet the mandatory limits of performance, cost and legislations. The ultimate solution is foreseen through the “excessive utilisation of our naturally available resources” primarily, to cut off the escalating prices of raw materials, to formulate environmentally benign materials, to expedite their post-service degradation, and to add value to a waste material. Consequently “environmentally friendly” or "green" coating technologies (waterborne [WB], powder, high-solid, hyperbranched and radiation-curable) have evolved, with special emphasis being laid on the excessive utilization of naturally available renewable resources thriving on acres of our agricultural lands. These may be formulated as corrosion resistant alloys, corrosion resistant composites, corrosion resistant pigments, corrosion resistant coatings, paints and corrosion inhibitors. Renewable resources provide cheaper and abundant biological feedstocks with numerous advantages, such as www.intechopen.com

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Page 1: Self-Certification of non-licensed facilities€¦ · have been named as a perpetrator in a substantiated report of child abuse or neglect. 10. Self-evaluations are conducted periodically

I:\CNP\Forms\Self-Certification\Self-Certification of 5-01-14 Child Care Centers.DOC 1

Department of Public Health and Human Services

Child and Adult Care Food Program

PO Box 202925

Helena, Montana 59620-2925

SELF-CERTIFICATION OF NON-LICENSED FACILITIES

____________________________ certifies to the Department of Public Health and Human Services (DPHHS) the following:

(Name of Institution)

1. Staff/child ratios are:

for children ages four years through five years – 10:1

for children ages six years and over – 14:1

2. Child care services are available without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or

disability.

3. Safety and sanitation requirements are in effect whereas:

a current environmental health/sanitation permit or satisfactory report of an inspection has been conducted by

local authorities within the past 12 months and shall be submitted.

a current fire/building safety permit or satisfactory report of an inspection have been conducted by local

authorities within the past 12 months and shall be submitted.

fire drills are held in accordance with local fire/building safety requirements.

4. Facilities are suitable whereas:

ventilation, temperature, and lighting are adequate for children’s safety and comfort.

floors and walls are cleaned and maintained in a condition safe for children.

space and equipment, including rest arrangements for preschool-age children, are adequate for the number

and age range of participating children.

5. Social services are available where independent centers and sponsoring organizations, in coordination with their

facilities, have procedures for referring families of children in care to appropriate local health and social service

agencies.

6. Health services are available whereas:

each child is observed daily for indications of difficulties in social adjustment, illness, neglect, and abuse and

that appropriate action is initiated.

a procedure has been established to ensure prompt notification of the parent or guardian in the event of a

child’s illness or injury, and to ensure prompt medical treatment in the case of emergency.

health records, and evidence of immunizations are maintained for each enrolled child.

at least one full-time staff member is currently qualified in first aid, including artificial respiration techniques.

first aid supplies are available.

staff members undergo initial and periodic health assessments.

7. Staff is adequately trained whereby the institution provides for orientation and ongoing training in child care for all

care givers.

8. Parents are involved and are afforded the opportunity to observe their children in child care.

Page 2: Self-Certification of non-licensed facilities€¦ · have been named as a perpetrator in a substantiated report of child abuse or neglect. 10. Self-evaluations are conducted periodically

I:\CNP\Forms\Self-Certification\Self-Certification of 5-01-14 Child Care Centers.DOC 2

9. Background checks will be performed to ensure any care giver or other person present in the center while the children

are in care shall not:

have been convicted or adjudicated of a crime involving harm to children.

be currently diagnosed or receiving therapy or medication for a mental illness or emotional disturbance which

might create a risk to children in care.

be chemically dependent upon drugs or alcohol.

have been named as a perpetrator in a substantiated report of child abuse or neglect.

10. Self-evaluations are conducted periodically whereas:

the institution has established a procedure for periodic self-evaluation on the basis of CACFP child care

standards.

the institution has established organized activities.

the institution has adequate kitchen and restroom facilities.

the institution has appropriate games and materials.

emergency medical care is available.

child staff ratios are reviewed.

I have on file in my office a current environmental health/sanitation inspection report. Yes ______________________ Date of most recent inspection

I have on file in my office a current fire/building inspection. Yes ______________________ Date of most recent inspection

CERTIFICATION

I certify that our institution is in compliance with the above requirements for

participation in the CACFP as part of Federal Regulation 7 CFR 226.6(d).

___________________________________ _________________________

Signature of Institution Representative Date